社会变革中公民政策参与方式转变探析

我国社会的全面变革为公民政策参与提供了前提条件。伴随着我国政治民主化、社会法制化、经济市场化的不断深入,公民的参与意识、法律意识、利益意识逐渐形成。与此同时,公民政策参与的方式也发生了变化,表现在由非理性政治运动式参与向利益性分配式参与的发展,由单一政治利益群体参与向多元性利益群体共同参与的发展,由单一的官方参与渠道向多样化的民间参与渠道的发展,由失衡性参与向平衡参与的发展,由表态性被动参与向智能性主动参与的发展。     

公民参与与"政策悖论"及其解决途径

公民参与在现代政治生活中发挥着重要的作用,不容忽视。从理性经济人理论出发,公民在理性地追求最大利益的过程中,也可能出现政策远离公共利益的情形,即“政策悖论”。分析了“政策悖论”出现的原因,并试图提出避免“政策悖论”的方法和途径。     

政策问题结构视角下的公民参与

政府决策中的公民参与受到政策问题结构的制约.即就是说,在政府决策中,政策问题结构化程度和政策问题结构的性质直接影响着公民参与的范嗣和程度.一味地批评政府决策非民主化或者鼓吹公民参与政府决策的有效性,既不符合政策问题结构客脱存在的事实,也不符合严谨的学术研究的态度.     

浅谈公共政策制定中的公民参与

公民参与是公共政策制定过程中不可或缺的重要环节,是确保社会价值公平分配的重要途径。目前,我国公民参与公共政策的程度还比较低,一些问题还比较突出。本文通过对公共政策制定中公民参与的发展与现状的分析和研究,在此基础上找出了公共政策制定中的公民参与存在的问题,并为之完善提出积极地建议。     

公民社会政策参与视野下的我国民间组织发育问题探析

由于经济体制改革不到位、政治与行政体制改革缓慢,我国民间组织呈现出弱小化、行政化、营利化等特征。民间组织的弱小化、行政化、营利化是我国公民社会影响政策过程的主要障碍,也是公民社会政策影响力低下的重要原因。     

制度环境:中国公民社会政策参与的制约因素

改革开放后中国公民社会政策参与的日益活跃和扩大化,直接得益于制度环境的改善。但是,目前的制度环境仍包含诸多障碍因素,主要是:制度环境的控制与限制取向制约了民间组织实力和规模的壮大;监管体制缺陷导致民间组织行政化和营利化;参与渠道不畅,非制度化参与呈扩大趋势。     

社会变革中我国公民政策参与特征与政府的对策分析

我国的改革开放进程,也是我国社会全面变革的过程.在变革社会中,我国公民政策参与表现出主动性参与、利益性参与、多群体性参与、智能性参与、法制性参与等一系列新的特征;面对我国公民政策参与的新特征,作为公共政策活动最大主体的政府,理应采取一系列新对策,即树立开放的政策观念,确立和谐的公共政策价值取向,扶持民间政策研究机构的发展,强化公民政策参与的能力和主体地位,规范参与程序,尝试公民政策参与的新机制.     

公民参与政策制定的过程分析——一个机制加因素的分析方法

公民参与越来越多地见于政府行为的诸多领域,公民参与的各方面设施都在逐步建立与完善,但公民对政府行为的影响力仍然有限。采用机制加因素的分析方法,分析公民在参与政府政策制定过程中的实际影响力,并从中观察我国的政民关系。     

公民有效参与公共政策执行的实现途径

公民参与是实现公共政策有效执行的重要途径,但在现实的政策执行中,公民参与大多是低效的,甚至是无效的,这使得公民参与这种民主方式对公共政策的执行不具影响力,因而也失去了实质意义,所以我们鼓励公民有效参与。本文将对公民参与公共政策执行的现状展开分析,并提出公民有效参与公共政策执行的实现途径。     

我国公民参与政策制定问题研究概述

对于公民参与的研究既有政治学的视角,也有行政学的视角,同时还有公共政策学的视角.由于公共政策作为一门独立学科的确立在中国是在20世纪90年代后的事情,目前,国内对公共政策制定中的公民参与研究集中干为数不多的学术论文中,主要探讨了公共政策制定中公民参与的主体范围、参与的基础、参与的价值、参与的途径、参与中存在的问题、参与的制约因素及其完善对策.     

公民治理理论析论

20世纪90年代后期产生于美国的公民治理理论代表了一种新的公共行政价值观,它建立在对新公共管理理论某些缺陷的批判基础之上,在一定意义上可以看成是对新公共管理理论的一种超越。本文比较系统地辨析和概括了公民治理的基本观点,公民治理与公民参与之间的紧密关系,并对其实践价值作了简要评析。     

Citizen Participation Models in the Local Government

This research pretends to propose and test a new explanatory model relating to citizen participation, which will help us to implement participatory public policies in the local government scheme, comparing with the models of citizen participation derivatives of structural theories and choice theories. The author refers to the case of Spain and he tests five hypotheses derived from these theories, using structural equations. This study used an open and cross-sectional design. He uses ＂Citizenship, Participation and Democracy Survey＂ from Sociological Research Center of Spain. The model proposed in this study has taken into account both structural variables from the macro context of participation （political opportunity structure） and individual variables （individual resources）, thus considering that the most recent literature on citizen participation tells us that it is necessary to overcome the reductionist perspectives limited to individual factors. Based on the above, we saw the importance of structural variables and individual variables for the participation of people. In line with that, we find that a citizen is involved in participatory policy when they have individual resources such as education, interest in politics, non-political disaffection, civic social norms, personal effectiveness, and community pride. Another find from this research, according to the empirical results, is that structural variables are predictive of citizen participation： resources, mobilization, membership of deprived group, economic deprivation, interpersonal trust, membership of associations, ties to the local community, and membership of an informal network.     

The Effectiveness of Citizen Participation in Public Hearing of Current China

Public hearing system is regarded as the soul and core of modem administrative procedure; it plays a more and more important part in modem administrative affairs. Public hearing is an important way to listen to the voice of the public, and the main method to gauge public opinion before making public policies, laws, and regulations. In recent years, with the growing awareness of civic participation, public hearing system has played a big role in public policy-making process in contemporary China, but there is also a phenomenon that citizen participation is largely symbolic in most of the hearing, citizen participation cannot play its due role, and the effectiveness of citizen participation in public hearing is limited. Based on this background, the analyses about how to strengthen public hearing system construction, improve the representativeness of the representative and information disclosure system, are all very important to improve the validity of citizen participation in public hearings now to China.     

街政治理中的公民参与:现实意义与建设途径

本文以街政流程为线索,具体分析了街政治理中公民参与的现实意义。在此基础上,提出了加强新公民资格培育、拓殖社区参与公共领域等五条加强公民参与机制建设的对策建议。     

Analysis on the major obstacles of public participation in public policy-making

Participation in public policy-making is one of the important approaches for citizens to affect public policy, and also the guarantee of the scientific and democratic paths of the public policy. To enhance the cognitive level and ability of the citizen who participate in public policy-making, ensure the institutionalization and procedures of the public policy-making, make the information about the public policy-making open and transparent, this paper points out the main obstacles of citizens＇ participation in public policy-making mostly at present and enhance the quality of public policy.     

政策分析与政策分析人员

政策分析与政策分析人员是政策分析领域两个最为重要的概念。本围绕这两个概念，解释了政策分析的概念起源、学科特征、基本类型和研究途径，并阐述了政策分析人员的工作性质、机构背景、关注焦点和分析方法。     

Big Data for Policy Analysis: The Good,The Bad,and The Ugly

Big data holds tremendous potential for public policy analysis. At the same time, its use prompts a number of issues related to statistical bias, privacy, equity, and governance, among others. Accordingly, there is a need to formulate, evaluate, and implement policies that not only mitigate the risks, but also maximize the benefits of using big data for policy analysis. This poses a number of challenges, which are highlighted in this essay.     

Are you a Citizen? Insights from Borderlands

This paper explores the meaning of citizenship in a border town along the US-Mexico boundary. The central theme is to analyze how boundaries between nations and identities remain permeable and contested; and how such negotiations are reflected in state–citizen relations. The city of El Cenizo, a colonia, in other words, low-cost, low-service, and semi-legal housing in border areas, serves as the study area. The paper analyzes how the real life meanings of citizenship are constantly changing because of different government policies and socio-political norms of engagement. It applies Lefebvre's notion of space to analyze “citizenship” beyond its legalistic definition and understand how the systematic rules of inclusion and exclusion shape the rights and privileges of the residents of El Cenizo.