试论公安政策制定的法治化

公安政策作为调整社会公共安全关系的手段,其背后蕴藏的是社会公安价值的分配,继而意味着对社会组织及公民的安全利益分配。其制定过程必然要求多方参与、科学民主。而要保障其政策目的的实现就必须借助法的手段,实现公安政策制定的法治化。     

公安机关内部执法监督之法理思考

公安机关内部执法监督是保证公安机关依法行政的一项重要法律制度。目前,公安机关内部执法监督存在监督意识、制度构建、制度落实等方面的问题,解决这些问题应从树立正确的监督理念、贯彻正确的监督原则、落实各项监督制度入手。     

Cooptation or Transformation? Local Policy Networks and Federal Regulatory Enforcement

Local policy networks can aid federal agencies, but they can also coopt federal resources for unintended purposes. Our empirical study finds that effective local networks increase both enforcement and compliance rates for the Clean Water Act. We discuss the circumstances under which effective networks can transform political culture, enhancing enforcement and compliance even in conservative areas generally opposed to regulation. The modified detection-controlled estimation procedure enables us to utilize official enforcement records from 1994 to 2000 to study both enforcement and compliance.     

Race, Ethnicity, and Law Enforcement Profiling: Implications for Public Policy

The proposed Traffic Stops Statistics Study Act of 2001—Title II of Senate Bill 19 of the 107th Congress—was the third consecutive legislative proposal aimed at addressing the perceived problems of racial profiling and police abuse in the detention of minority motorists for allegedly unjustifiable reasons. The measure followed Senate Bill 821 from the 106th Congress and House Bill 118 from the 105th Congress. This study looks at the purpose of these bills, explores the reasons supporters believe that federal policy mandating law enforcement agencies to collect racial data on motorists stopped and detained is needed, and examines a number of public policy questions that a Traffic Stops Statistics Study Act might raise.     

The Australian Federal Police Drug Harm Index: A New Methodology for Quantifying Success in Combating Drug Use

The AFP Drug Harm Index was developed to provide a single measure that encapsulates the potential value to the Australian community of AFP drug seizures. The index represents the dollar value of harm that would have ensued had the seized drugs reached the community. In the five years from 1998–99 to 2002–2003, the AFP and its partners saved the Australian community approximately $3.1 billion in harm through its disruption of illicit drug importations. Because the Harm Index is based on the benefits associated with an estimated reduction in consumption, it can be generalised to measuring the benefits of other drug interventions.     

Renewal of Public Policy via Instrumental Innovation: Implementing Automated Speed Enforcement in France

This article examines the renewal of public policy via instrumental innovation since the adoption in France of an automated sequence of detection and sanctioning of speed limit violations. Involved here is an instrument of public policy that points up the changes that have taken place in recent years in respect of road safety policy and provides a clearer view of some aspects of ongoing state reorganization. The change in public policy permitted by this instrumentation results from an increasingly close focus on the road hazard issue, which has allowed specialists from different epistemic fields to advocate a system used in other countries for over a decade now. However, this success with policymakers is also explained by the fact that the new system involves the return of the state as the core shaper of this public policy, after 20 years of emphasis on local and partnership‐based policies.     

Beyond Enforcement: Welcomeness,Local Law Enforcement,and Immigrants

Studies of local law enforcement actions toward immigrants show that while some cities engage in enforcement, many others do not. The extent and determinants of enforcement have been assessed, but these studies have not evaluated the full range of practices, including welcoming practices, toward immigrants. This article introduces the concept of “welcomeness,” develops a framework for measuring it, and, using a nationwide survey of local police departments, examines how widely departments are welcoming (or unwelcoming) to immigrants. The data show that many police departments have consciously and deliberately developed practices intended to foster positive relationships between the police and immigrants and to encourage immigrants to call the police for assistance.

Practitioner Points

• Welcomeness encompasses a range of practices toward immigrants that are often intentionally created, thoughtfully implemented, and found in a variety of communities.
• The dimensions of welcomeness provide a framework for police departments to assess their practices and provide a model for police departments that want to engage positively with immigrants.
• Welcoming practices may improve interactions between police officers and immigrants and may improve immigrants’ perceptions of local law enforcement.
• Welcoming police departments often have a deeper commitment to community policing.

     

有效执行:新时期中国政府公共政策的理性选择

正确的政绩观的核心义涵在于维护法律的尊严,维护中央政府宏观公共政策的权威性.部分国家机关和国家公职人员对法律和国家宏观公共政策的轻视、漠视甚至蔑视,是造成公共政策执行有效性程度偏低的主因.政策执行人员的效忠国家的信念和遵从法律、维护社会正义的坚定性,对于有效执行法律和公共政策至关重要.     

警察公关礼仪与警察形象的塑造

在现代社会中,任何一个社会组织都要处理好与自身发展密切相关的内外公众关系,树立良好的组织形象。充分重视和发挥公关礼仪的功能和作用是警察组织的形象塑造的一个重要方面。本文对警察公共关系工作中礼仪的功能、原则、意义和养成等方面进行了探讨。认为公共关系是一门塑造形象的艺术,人民警察外在的行为、举止等表现,在人民群众心目中形成的形象、地位、信任和支持程度构成了人民警察的形象。而公关礼仪正是塑造形象这一艺术的起点。     

浅论执行权性质及执行机关重构

在我国对执行权性质的不同认识导致了执行权的归属、行使的混乱状况,严重影响了法制建设.执行权究其本质来说是行政权,应当由行政机关行使,因而应当将执行权从法院之中剥离出来,成立由司法行政部门主管的民事执行局,行使具有财产执行内容的法院判决、仲裁裁决和公证文书的执行职能,这样就现成了主要由司法行政部门集中执行法院刑事、民事判决和具有财产执行内容的仲裁裁决、公证文书的分权格局.     

执法权若干理论问题探究--兼对当前广义执法概念的质疑

执法权是任何国家最基本、最具活力的一项权力,它在国家权力配置过程中有着举足轻重的作用;同时,执法权科学配置与否直接与国家的兴衰、国家的法治建设水平息息相关.在我国,关于执法权的法律特性、执法权的产生与发展演变、执法权的不同设置模式等重要理论问题急需从法理学的视角进行深入探讨,以便为当前的政治体制改革,尤其是执法体制改革提供理论参考.     

大学生创业能力模型及综合测评方法

大学生创业能力是创业能否成功的关键因素。从国内外学者对创业能力的研究现状入手,分析了大学生创业能力整合模型的内涵,在此基础上,建立了大学生创业者层次递阶概念模型,并运用层次分析法构建了大学生创业能力的综合测评指标体系以及提出其量化方法。同时,提出了提升大学生创业能力的策略。     

Immigration Enforcement and Children's Living Arrangements

Tougher immigration enforcement was responsible for 1.8 million deportations between 2009 and 2013 alone—many of them were fathers of American children. We exploit the geographic and temporal variation in the escalation of interior immigration enforcement to assess its impact on the structure of families to which many of the deported fathers of U.S.‐born children belonged. We find that the average increase in immigration enforcement during the 2005 to 2015 period has raised by 19 percent the likelihood that Hispanic U.S.‐born children might live without their parents in households headed by naturalized relatives or friends unthreatened by deportation. Likewise, the same increase in immigration enforcement has raised by 20 percent these children's propensity to live with likely undocumented mothers who report their spouses as being absent—a reasonable finding given that most children with a likely undocumented father have undocumented mothers. Given the negative consequences of being raised by a single parent or without parents, plus the parallel increase in interior immigration enforcement, gaining a better understanding of the collateral damage of heightened enforcement on the families to which these children belong is well warranted.     

铁路公安机关当前的警力矛盾及对策设想

警力紧张是铁路公安机关当前普遍存在的一个突出问题,解决这一问题单纯依靠增加警力存在许多条件限制,难以从根本上解决,而改革铁路公安机关目前的警务模式则可能一揽子解决包括警力紧张问题在内的一系列问题,这既是盘活现有警力、大幅度解放警力的有效办法,也是铁路公安工作适应当前铁路发展实际的客观要求。     

加强铁路公安工作必须推进社区警务建设

社区警务是目前世界警务改革方向 ,被誉为第四次警务革命。公安部也正在全国推广实施社区警务战略 ,以求探索专门工作与群众路线相结合的新路子 ,最终实现警务工作“由打击型向服务型的转变” ,从而真正实践“立警为公、执法为民”的指导思想 ,实践“人民公安为人民”的根本要求。笔者就铁路公安机关如何推进社区警务建设作了一些粗浅的分析和探讨 ,以供参考