我国公共部门绩效管理存在的问题及对策

我国公共部门绩效管理目前尚处于起步阶段,还存在的一些问题,解决这些问题的对策包括:不断完善我国公共部门的绩效评估体系;更加明晰公共部门绩效管理项目;充分利用现代信息技术手段,建立一套完备的信息系统;提高公共部门领导者及工作人员的素质。     

我国公共部门实行目标管理的问题及对策

目标管理作为一种“自我控制”、民主参与的管理理论和管理方式,在公共行政管理中发挥着重要的作用。但是在我国公共部门的目标管理实践中,由于自上而下的传统管理体制的制约和实施中的偏差,影响了目标管理的实施和效果的发挥。为此,应加强目标管理的知识和技术准备,建立双向沟通和反馈机制,完善激励约束机制,进行合理的组织设计及创建科学的考评体系,促使其作用得到有效发挥。     

公共部门绩效管理之组织公正性问题思考

组织公正性理论是提升公共部门人力资源管理水平的内在要求和动力。正确认识和提高公共部门绩效管理的组织公正性,进而提高公共部门人力资源管理的水平,是一个重大的现实课题。本文将从绩效考核和管理制度方面分析绩效管理存在的组织公正性问题及产生的原因,并提出全面革新理念、提高全员素质,完善管理制度、改进考核方法等相应对策。     

西方公共部门绩效管理探索及启示

当代西方各国的行政改革都以建立绩效为导向的公共管理为其追求的目标,在其发展的过程中呈现出了新特征,形成了诸如新公共选择理论、企业型政府理论、委托代理理论和治理理论等理论体系.借鉴其他国家的先进经验,探讨和建立适合我国国情的公共部门绩效管理模式,推进公共部门绩效管理逐步走向规范化、系统化、制度化和科学化,成为我国公共管理现代化的迫切要求.     

我国公共部门人力资源规划存在的问题及对策

人力资源规划是人力资源管理的前提和基础,直接关系到人力资源管理的各项功能能否充分发挥和组织目标能否顺利实现。由于公共部门面临的内外部环境和组织结构、组织目标在不断发生变化,从而对组织内部人力资源的数量、质量和结构会不断提出新的要求。因此,深入分析影响公共部门人力资源规划的内外部因素和人力资源规划存在的问题,着眼于公共部门整体目标的实现和公共组织的良性运行,采取针对性措施,完善公共部门人力资源规划是十分必要的。     

我国公共部门绩效评估的难点和对策

绩效评估是现代公共部门实现有效管理的重要手段和基本途径，但是，与企业和其他组织相比，公共部门绩效评估的难度要大得多。本文从政府与市场、管理科学化与管理民主化、定性与定量、内容和形式等角度分析了我国公共部门绩效评估存在的矛盾和难点，并在此基础上提出了当前改革和完善我国公共部门绩效评估应该着重注意的主要方面。     

浅析公共部门绩效管理之组织公正性

组织公正性理论是现代企业人力资源战略的核心理论之一，把组织公正性理论引入公共部门的人力资源管理当中，从考核双方的观念、素质、能力，从考核的制度、方法、体系等进行分析，找出影响公正性的因素，并运用组织公正性理论进行完善和提升，对树立效能政府形象，努力提升每一个公共部门的绩效管理水平，有着非常直接的现实意义。     

我国公共部门人力资源开发存在的问题与解决对策

世界资源开发的重心已由物质资源向人力资源转移.人才是决定21世纪各国兴衰成败的关键。我国目前公共部门人力资源开发的质量不高,从思想观念还停留在传统的人事管理阶段,受传统用人观念影响,人力资源开发的水平不高,理念滞后、选拔人才时"拉关系""托人情"的现象严重,对人力资源的重视与认识不高,资源开发的投入不足等。公共部门人力资源开发的质量是影响政府工作绩效和政府核心竞争力的重要因素,所以应该找出影响公共部门人力资源开发质量的原因,在此基础上设计良好的政策,切实保障我国人力资源开发的质量得到逐步提高。     

西方国家公共部门实施绩效管理的制度基础

20世纪70年代末期以来,西方发达国家掀起了一股大规模的行政改革浪潮——新公共管理。新公共管理的核心即绩效管理,实施绩效管理应建立一个完善的制度基础,主要包括分权化管理、责任机制、结果为本,以及顾客导向。     

论新公共管理运动对公共部门绩效评估的影响

20世纪80年代在西方兴起的“新公共管理”运动对公共部门绩效评估的理论与实践都产生了深远的影响。本文立足于分析新公共管理运动背景下公共部门绩效评估的发展历程,在此基础上探讨了新公共管理运动对公共部门绩效评估产生的影响,并进一步分析了新公共管理运动对我国公共部门绩效评估的借鉴意义。     

浅议中小企业人力资源管理存在的问题及应对策略

随着知识水平的提高和经济的飞速发展,人力资源管理的重要性越来越被社会和企业所认同,如何有效地进行人力资源管理,已成为大多数中小企业管理者关注的问题,通过分析中小企业人力资源管理存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。     

公共部门人力资源开发与管理价值基础分析

公共部门人力资源开发自身的逻辑起点决定了其自身的局限性，即价值基础的先天缺失不仅导致公共部门人力资源开发与管理的悖论，而且引发公共部门实践的价值方向模糊。解决这一问题的核心在于从管理的本质出发，恢复“公共人事管理”概念，将公共部门人力资源开发与管理置于公共人事管理之下，即使其作为公共人事管理的技术手段来运用。以解决当下公共部门员工管理的局限性。     

Performance Management in Australia's Public Mental Health Service: A State Based Perspective

This article investigates the implementation of key performance indicators (KPIs) in Western Australia's public mental health system. A nationally agreed performance measurement framework forms part of the much needed reform now taking place within Australia. However, progress in the effective monitoring and reporting of KPIs is slow in most states, including Western Australia. The authors report on the results of a selective case study involving semi‐structured interviews with mental health administrators and offer a more nuanced insight into the intricacies and difficulties involved in performance measurement reform. The principal finding is that effective performance measurement and reporting can be internally problematic, particularly within a fragmented and networked system. This tends to give rise to a conformance‐only approach to performance measurement.     

Beyond Performance Management: A Networked Production Model of Public Service Delivery

The use of outcome-based performance management as a means of coordinating and monitoring the production of decentralized public services has been growing. At the same time, it has been associated with significant problems, notably difficulty in controlling opportunistic behavior. However, alternative service delivery models based on open collaboration and coproduction, which can control opportunism, require initial trust between partners, and are often vulnerable to corruption, complacency, and rent-seeking. Thus, open collaboration models appear to need additional mechanisms that would promote trust building between partners even where trust is initially low, together with ensuring accountability and reducing opportunism. Based on a review of the recent business literature on networked production, the paper puts forward a service delivery model based on benchmarking, iterative planning and design, and error detection and correction mechanisms.     

Parallel Systems and Human Resource Management in India's Public Health Services: A View from the Front Lines

There is building evidence in India that the delivery of health services suffers both from an actual shortfall in trained health professionals and from unsatisfactory results of existing service providers working in the public and private sectors. This study focuses on the public sector and examines de facto institutional and governance arrangements that may give rise to well‐documented provider behaviors such as absenteeism that can adversely affect service delivery processes and outcomes. We analyze four human resource management (HRM) subsystems: postings, transfers, promotions and disciplinary practices from the perspective of front‐line workers—physicians working in rural healthcare facilities operated by two state governments. We sampled physicians in one “post‐reform” state that has instituted HRM reforms and one “pre‐reform” state that has not. The findings are based on both quantitative and qualitative measurements. The results show that formal rules are undermined by a parallel modus operandi in which desirable posts are often determined by political connections and side payments. The evidence suggests an institutional environment in which formal rules of accountability are trumped by a parallel set of accountabilities. These systems appear so entrenched that reforms have borne no significant effect. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

政府公共危机处置的阶段划分与管理对策

公共危机管理是现代政府亟待加强的重要职能之一,为了提高政府公共危机的管理能力,应当科学认识政府危机管理的全过程,正确处置危机管理程序.政府危机管理依据工作重点的不同可分为储备、预警、控制和恢复4大阶段,针对政府危机处置的程序,可以从10个方面加强管理.     

Shared Services: Lessons from the Public and Private Sectors for the Nonprofit Sector

Shared services arrangements in the Australian third sector are becoming more common. Notably, however, there is a lack of information to guide nonprofit organisations through the development and engagement of shared structures. This article reviews the lessons that have been recorded from the public and private sectors with respect to the engagement of shared services arrangements. Additionally this article explores the different types of shared services structures that can be adopted. Overall, this article highlights the need for further research and analysis of issues relating to shared services arrangements in order to assist the increasing number of Australian nonprofit organisations engaging these collective arrangements and structures.     

Investigating the Implementation of New Public Management in Lebanon Ideas and Realities

This paper is an exploratory study that investigates the status of new public management （NPM） and the obstacles to its implementation within the Republic of Lebanon. The study employs a qualitative approach that examines two complementary data sources. The first data source is obtained from an extensive review of documents related to NPM that are available in the public domain such as policy initiatives and governmental projects. The second data source is obtained from in-depth semi-structured interviews with 40 stakeholders. Data is analyzed, using an iterative thematic content analysis. The findings suggest that the main obstacles that have inhibited the implementation of NPM in most public agencies in Lebanon include： the politicization of administration in the public sector, the lack of stability in the country, the non-targeted inconsistent and insufficient training, several institutional dysfunctions and organizational challenges, the absence of a country-specific applicable model of public management and the unsystematic and non-institutionalized link between concerned international organizations and the Lebanese public agencies. This research is significant as it provides a foundation for institutional practices to improve the design and implementation of NPM in the country. It also contributes to the relevant academic literature and fills a gap in the research on NPM in Lebanon. The paper provides policy recommendations needed to respond to the recurrent calls for administrative reforms in the Arab world especially in the aftermath of the popular uprisings in many of its countries.     

公共需求管理与公共服务标准化

公共服务标准化建设是服务型政府建设的一个重要发展阶段,它是与公共需求的变化相适应的。本文把人的需要分为生存型需要、安全型需要、享受型需要和发展型需要。中国目前公共需求正从生存型向安全型、享受型、发展型转变,政府公共服务精细化、标准化是这一需要变化的必然要求。政府应通过了解需求、整合需求和引导需求,推进公共服务标准化建设,提升公共服务水平。     

Police Performance As Symbolic Politics? Public Recognition and the Value of Awards

Abstract

What constitutes “good” performance in a law enforcement agency, who decides, and how does public recognition of that performance change how an agency performs? This study uses a quasi-experimental design and propensity-score matching model to assess the impact of a law enforcement agency’s status as a finalist for the annual Cisco/International Chiefs of Police Association (IACP) Community Policing Award on performance in future years, as measured by crime clearance rates. It is found that after comparing the treated group (finalist agencies) with the untreated group (non-finalist nearest-neighbor agencies), there is no meaningful difference in crime clearance rates. This unexpected finding establishes that the public recognition of finalist status by the Department of Justice, which promotes finalist agencies as exemplars of best practices in community policing, does not impact the subsequent performance of those agencies. Additionally, the results of the model suggest that the impact of symbolic politics and social construction on the award finalist selection process and the choice by DOJ to promote the practices of those agencies should be explored. Questions are also raised as to the utility of crime clearance rates as a performance measure, and future avenues for research in each area are proposed.