Book Reviews

Duff, Andrew, Reforming the European Union
Duff, Andrew, The Treaty of Amsterdam
Newman, Michael, Democracy, Sovereignty and the European Union
Sperling, James and Kirchner, Emil, Recasting the European Order: Security Architectures and Economic Cooperation
Edwards, Geoffrey and Pijpers, Alfred (eds), The Politics of European Treaty Reform: The 1996 Intergovernmental Conference and Beyond
Salmon, Trevor and Nicoll, Sir William (eds), Building European Union: A Documentary and Historical Analysis
Urban, Michael, Igrunov, Vyacheslav and Mitrokhin, Sergei, The Rebirth of Politics in Russia
Truscott, Peter, Russia First: Breaking with the West
Mandelbaum, Michael (ed), Post Communism: Four Perspectives
Offe, Claus, Varieties of Transition: The East European and East German Experience
Ramsden, John, The Age of Churchill and Eden: The Conservative Party 1840–1957
Ramsden, John, Winds of Change: The Conservative Party 1957–1975
Thorpe, Andrew, A History of the British Labour Party
Francis, Martin, Ideas and Policies under Labour 1945–1951
Foote, Geoffrey , The Labour Party's Political Thought: A History , 3rd edn
Lipow, Arthur, Political Parties and Democracy: Explorations in History and Theory
Khilnani, Sunil, The Idea of India
Strachan, Hew, The Politics of the British Army
Phillips, Melanie, All Must Have Prizes
Evans, Richard J., In Defence of History
Finer, S.E., The History of Government , Volume 1:, Ancient Monarchies and Empires; Volume 2:, The Intermediate Ages
Volume 3:, Empires, Monarchies and the Modern State
Cowling, Maurice, A Conservative Future     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Brown, Alice, McCrone, David and Paterson, Lindsay, Politics and Society in Scotland
Brown, Alice, McCrone, David, Paterson, Lindsay and Surridge, Paul, The Scottish Electorate: The 1997 General Election and Beyond
Clark, Ian and Berridge, John, Scotland Votes: The General Election 1997 in Scotland
Elcock, Howard and Keating, Michael (ed.), Remaking the Union: Devolution and British Politics in the 1990s
Harvie, Christopher, Scotland and Nationalism: Scottish Society and Politics 1707 to the Present
Paterson, Lindsay (ed.), A Diverse Assembly: The Debate on a Scottish Parliament
MacDonald, Catriona M. M. (ed.), Unionist Scotland 1800–1997
Cesarani, David, Arthur Koestler: The Homeless Mind
O'Brien, Conor Cruise, Memoir: My Life and Themes
Heffer, Simon, Like the Roman: The Life of Enoch Powell
Bentley, Tom, Learning Beyond the Classroom
Hahn, Carole, Becoming Political: Comparative Perspectives on Citizenship Education
Barnett, Anthony and Scruton, Roger (eds), Town and Country
Tindall, Frank, Memoirs and Confessions of a County Planning Officer
Campbell, Alan, Fishman, Nina and Howell, David (eds), Miners, Unions and Politics, 1910–47     

Benefits,Challenges, and Enabling Conditions of Collective Action to Promote Sustainable Production and Marketing of Products from Africa's Dry Forests

Collective action has been identified, by governments and nongovernmental organizations, as a mechanism to improve smallholder farmers' bargaining power and access to input and output markets. In many developing countries, supporting collective action has and continues to be an important policy instrument. However, in the collection and marketing of forest products, recognition of and support for producer organizations, is limited. Data, from focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and an analysis of formal producer organizations' functioning and organizational aspects, were used to examine the motives, benefits, challenges, and enabling conditions of collective action in promoting the sustainable production and marketing of shea, frankincense, and honey from dry forests in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Zambia, respectively. Lessons and key recommendations, including those related to policy, are presented on how collective action through formal producer organizations could be assisted to promote responsible forest products collection and marketing practices that benefit small‐scale producers in Africa's dry forests.     

Discomforts of Victory: Democracy,Liberal Values and Nationalism in Post-Communist Europe

This article tries to identify the main threats to post-communist liberal democracies, especially those perils related to the weakness of pluralist traditions, institutions, and values and the rise of movements and ideologies rooted in cultural and political malaise, ressentiment, and disaffection. Nine such perils are identified in the second half of the article, including Leninist legacies, salvationist popular sentiments, the rhetoric of reactionary nostalgia, the fluidity of political formations, the crisis of values, authority, and accountability, and the tensions between individualistic and communitarian values. The concern here is with a diagnosis of the main vulnerabilities of Eastern Europe's post-communist states in order to evaluate prospects for further democratic consolidation and risks for the rise and affirmation of ethnocratic parties and movements. Understanding the post-communist political and cultural situation, including persistent isolationist, anti-globalisation, populist and nationalist trends, is of critical importance for interpreting the main directions these countries will pursue in their efforts to join the European Union institutions.     

国学与和合学

当今,人类共同面临的是一个病态的世界,是一个充满着错综复杂的冲突和危机的世界。概而言之,人与自然、社会、人际、心灵、文明之间的冲突带来生态、社会、道德、精神和信仰以及价值危机。人类的这些病态不是在减少,而是在扩大,世界上任何地区、国家、民族、宗教以至个人,都在深受其害。依据中华民族五千多年来特别丰富的国学人文资源,以及人与自然、社会、人际、心灵、文明之间交往所积累的宝贵经验和智慧主体卓越的洞见,可以提出国学和合学的和生、和处、和立、和达、和爱五大原理,作为化解人类病态、建构和谐世界的基本原理。     

北京现代服务业的界定与发展研究

本文在对北京现代服务业进行科学界定的基础上,联系我国加入WTO后对北京现代服务业发展的影响,全面分析了北京现代服务业发展的现状、优势和主要问题,进而提出了推进北京现代服务业发展的战略目标和重点.强调北京应以现代服务业立市,大力发展金融业、电信业、房地产业、商务服务业、教育培训业、科学研究和技术服务业、医疗保健业、文体娱乐业、物流业、环境管理业和旅游业.     

Developing the Digital Content Industry in Taiwan

The average global annual growth rate of digital content products has grown exponentially. This is because of the technology advancement, cost reduction, and availability of the enabling technologies, e.g., digital processing, digital storage, and digital telecommunications. The development of the digital content industry (DCI) requires a strong cultural background, creative ideas, respect of intellectual property rights, and telecommunications infrastructure, which are all dependent on government supportive policies. This study summarizes the government policies, progress, and obstacles in the development of Taiwan's DCI and compares these subjects with other countries, including the United States, EU countries, Japan, and Korea. In this paper, Taiwan's DCI opportunities and challenges will be discussed, and strategies and recommendations will be provided, based on Taiwan's unique resources and competitive advantages.     

守正、发展与创新:“十四五”时期医疗保障的完善思路

人口结构、就业形态、新时代的健康政策与脱贫攻坚任务、技术发展等宏观环境,为“十四五”时期医疗保障的发展提供了机遇也提出了挑战。立足“十一五”到“十三五”医疗保障从无到有、从制度全民覆盖到实践全民覆盖、待遇水平持续提升、各项机制跨越式发展等发展脉络,“十四五”时期医疗保障的发展思路应定位于守正、发展与创新。第一,坚守公平共享与切实保障的发展理念;第二,回应健康需求与不平衡、不充分的医保制度现状,在待遇保障、筹资机制、支付方式、基金监管等方面补短板、强弱项;第三,直面新形势的新挑战,在新业态人员参保、大病保障、医疗保障与公共卫生资金统筹衔接等方面实现创新与突破。目标是在“十四五”时期实现一个全民享有、公平适度、法治规范、高效便捷、协同联动的医疗保障制度。     

Book Reviews

Quentin Skinner, Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes
Edmund Dell, The Chancellors: a History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945–1990
John Scott, Stratification and Power: Structures of Class, Status and Command
Michael E. Brown, Sean M. Lynn-Jones and Steven E. Miller (eds), Debating the Democratic Peace
Steve Smith, Ken Booth and Marysia Zalewski (eds), International Theory: Positivism and Beyond
Margaret Canovan, Nationhood and Political Theory
Simon Caney, David George and Peter Jones (eds), National Rights, International Obligations
David Coates (ed), Industrial Policy in Britain
Richard Coopey and Nicholas Woodward (eds), Britain in the 1970s: the Troubled Economy
Rogers Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe
C. Edward Fletcher, Privatization and the Rebirth of Capital Markets in Hungary
Rudolf L. Tökés, Hungary's Negotiated Revolution: Economic Reform, Social Change and Political Succession
Aristide Tessitore, Reading Aristotle's Ethics: Virtue, Rhetoric, and Political Philosophy
The Constitution Unit, An Assembly for Wales: Senedd i Gymru
The Constitution Unit, Regional Government in England
The Constitution Unit, Scotland's Parliament: Fundamentals for a New Scotland Act
Dietrich Rometsch and Wolfgang Wessels (eds), The European Union and Member States
Ben Pimlott, The Queen: a Biography of Queen Elizabeth II     

对三农问题的几点思考

近些年来,三农问题已成为全党及全社会越来越关注的热点问题,三农问题关系国民经济的健康稳定发展和国家的长治久安,关系到我国现代化建设和全面小康的实现,三农问题不仅是一个重大的经济问题,也是一个重大的政治问题。从三农问题的突出表现以及形成的复杂原因进行分析,探讨解决三农问题的途径。     

中国早期儒道治国方略的对立与互补

文化对管理具有潜移默化的影响,探讨我国早期儒道两大主干文化在治国方略上的差异以及由此形成的互补机制,有助于我们实现传统行政文化的现代转化。本文着重从人道与天道、阳刚与阴柔、有为与无为、德政与善治、亲而誉之与下知有之、大同小康与小国寡民、群体与个体、肯定与否定、恒常与变革、中庸之道与辩证管理、儒道互补与现代转化等方面进行了比较研究,并系统分析两者对立的历史文化渊源和殊途同归之必要与可能。     

‘Venona’: the British dimension

‘Venona’ remains the greatest secret of the Cold War yet to be declassified, and offers the pieces of a jigsaw that, when assembled and interpreted, reveals the identities of dozens of Soviet agents who participated in GRU and NKVD networks across the globe between 1940 and 1948. Among them, operating in London, were Professor J.B.S Haldane, codenamed ‘Intelligentsia’, and Lord Swaythling's son, the Honourable Ivor Montagu, appropriately codenamed ‘Nobility’. Contained in the sometimes partially decrypted texts are clues to hundreds of other, as yet unexposed, spies, active in Australia, Mexico, Sweden, the United States, Britain, and numerous other countries. Betrayed by William Wiesband and Kim Philby, the ‘Venona’ project failed to find the traitor known as ‘Baron’ inside the wartime GCHQ, but was responsible for the arrest of Klaus Fuchs, confirming the guilt of Alger Hiss, Donald Maclean and the Rosenbergs, supporting the allegations of Whittaker Chambers and Elizabeth Bentley, and sparking off molehunts on three continents. ‘Venona’ sheds important new light on the assassination of Trotsky, Soviet penetration of the Manhattan project at Los Alamos and Berkeley, and reveals high-level espionage in the White House, OSS, the State Department and virtually every government department in Washington DC.     

Techniques of Citizenship: Health and Subjectivity in a New and Predominantly Inuit Territory

The lives and citizenship struggles of migrant workers, Indigenous peoples, immigrants, and others shape current thinking about citizenship, suggesting that it is an ongoing process of engagement. These struggles are often framed in citizenship terms because they are struggles for particular kinds of membership and participation within and beyond nation-states. They are, however, collective struggles for new space and suggest that treating citizenship simply as membership is inadequate. They demand, rather, recognition of both individual and collective subjectivities that emerge through efforts to shape and govern their own communities. This paper explores the relationship between the Inuit of the Central and Eastern Arctic and mechanisms of Canadian citizenship—those of national and territorial health institutions and discourse. In April 1999, the establishment of the new Canadian territory of Nunavut, with a population that is 85% Inuit, marked an important moment in both Inuit and Canadian histories. Through a qualitative exploration of the unfolding of health governance in this new territory, the paper examines how Nunavummiut (people of Nunavut) take up and challenge notions of health, governance, Canadian, Inuit, and Nunavummiut. It considers two discourses of health through which Nunavummiut, and others, employ “techniques of citizenship”, shaping both hybrid subjectivity and conceptions of health, giving rise to both constraint and resistance as Inuit Nunavummiut envision their engagement in health governance and in the collective Inuit struggle for self-determination.     

当前农村“村官”腐败问题与对策

“村官”腐败主要表现为以权谋私的经济腐败、失职渎职的政治腐败、生活腐化的道德腐败。“村官”腐败不仅直接侵害了农民的切身利益,降低了党和政府在群众中的威信,还引发出干群矛盾甚至群体事件,严重破坏了经济社会的发展和稳定。“村官”腐败与中国转型期经济、政治、社会、文化等诸多因素的深刻变化密切相关,是一个复杂的社会系统问题。必须按照中央关于构建惩治和预防腐败体系建设的要求,把反腐倡廉建设融入农村经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和党的建设之中,建立健全与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的融教育、制度、监督、改革、惩处于一体的农村党风廉政建设与反腐败工作新机制：一要加强教育引导,增强“村官”拒腐防变能力;二要完善制度体系,规范“村官”廉洁从政行为：三要强化监督管理,保障“村官”权力正确运行;四要加大惩处力度,增加“村官”腐败违纪成本;五要深化改革创新,消除“村官”腐败的滋生土壤。只有这样,才能从根本上全面有效地遏制“村官”腐败。     

Russian and American Cosmism: Religion,National Psyche,and Spaceflight

A product of science, religion, and national culture, cosmism is reflected in academic and popular views about our place in the universe, space exploration, and human destiny. Although linked historically to the Russians, cosmism captures many aspects of American thinking about space. The present comparison shows that prophets, prophecies, striving for perfection, utopian visions, and hopes for salvation are evident in both Russian and American thought, but that there are also differences. Geert Hofstede's cross–cultural research on national values—power distance, individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance—is useful for understanding Russian–American differences. Russian acceptance of power inequalities, collectivism, concern for group welfare, and aversion to uncertainty lead to constellations of beliefs and emotions about spaceflight that differ from those bred by American egalitarianism, individualism, obsession with personal achievement, and acceptance of uncertainty. Both Russian and American thinking include occult and paranormal phenomena, but Americans have been more reluctant to assimilate such influences within mainstream science. As a concept, American cosmism captures the occasional blurring of the lines between religion and science in discussions of humanity's place in the universe and future in space.     

经济开放对地方财政收入规模及结构的影响实证分析

使用中国1999—2007年度省级面板数据,实证分析了经济开放对地方财政收入规模和内部相对结构变化的作用。研究表明:贸易开放度的提高显著增加了地方个人所得税、行为税、财产税和非税收入,整体上也引起地方财政总收入的增加;并使地方财政收入中个人所得税、财产税和非税收入比重上升,城建税收入比重下降。投资开放的提升显著增加了地方营业税、个人所得税、行为税、非税及预算外收入,同时减少了地方增值税和企业所得税收入,总体上对地方财政收入有负效应;并提高了地方财政收入中营业税、个人所得税、行为税、财产税、非税收入及预算外收入的比重。由于外资和外贸对经济及税基的作用差异、现行分税制、地方各项财政收入自身特征、地方政府基于多元目标为促进外资投资呈现出的策略行为等,使经济开放对地方各项财政收入规模及其相对结构的影响具有复杂和非一致性。     

在规范与事实之间：省直管县改革中的市县关系及其优化

在当代地方治理中，作为城市型建制的市与作为广域型建制的县，在提供地方性和区域性公共服务方面扮演着重要角色，其不论各自分立还是彼此互动都直接影响着地方治理绩效。从规范性看，市县之间应呈现出无彼此隶属、平等分治并对区域性公共事务有效合作的良性关系。而事实上，省直管县体制改革进程中市县之间出现地位不对等、潜在争利、矛盾冲突，甚至恶性竞争导致区域公共事务治理失灵等问题。为此，消解规范与事实之间的张力，需要适时采取府际关系管理、增进市县认知、完善制度及机制构建等优化措施，构建良性市县关系。     

Book Reviews

S. E. Finer, The History of Government, Volume 1: Ancient Monarchies and Empires
S. E. Finer, The History of Government, Volume 2: the Intermediate Ages
S. E. Finer, The History of Government, Volume 3: Empires, Monarchies and the Modern State
Ivor Crewe and Anthony King, SDP: the Birth, Life and Death of the Social Democratic Party
Manuel Castells, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, Vol. I: the Rise of the Network Society
Manuel Castells, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, Vol. II: the Power of Identity
Manuel Castells, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, Vol. III: End of the Millennium
Shane O'Neill, Impartiality in Context: Grounding Justice in a Pluralist World
Onora O'Neill, Towards Justice and Virtue: a Constructive Account of Practical Reasoning
Richard English and Graham Walker (eds), Unionism in Modern Ireland: New Perspectives on Politics and Culture
Norman Porter, Rethinking Unionism: an Alternative for Northern Ireland
James Mayall, The New Interventionism, 1991–1994
Ramesh Thakur (ed), The United Nations at Fifty: Retrospect and Prospect
Philip Pettit, Republicanism: a Theory of Freedom and Government
David Arter, Parties and Democracy in the Post-Soviet Republics: the Case of Estonia
V. Stanley Vardys and Judith B. Sedaitis, Lithuania: the Rebel Nation
Clifford W. Brown Jr, Linda W. Powell and Clyde Wilcox, Serious Money: Financial Power Bases in the Presidential Nomination Process
Thomas M. Holbrook, Do Campaigns Matter?
Harvey L. Schantz (ed.), American Presidential Elections: Process, Policy, and Political Change
Susan J. Tolchin, The Angry American: How Voter Rage is Changing the Nation     

能力建设及其在当代中国的实践

进行能力建设是人类历史发展的启示,是知识经济的兴起和市场经济建设的内在要求,是我国实现全面、协调和可持续发展的迫切需要,也是促进人的思维发展和人的全面发展的必由之路.能力建设,就是为了促进社会和人的全面发展而展开的开发人的潜能,增强人的能力和充分发挥人的能力的教育、培养、配置、使用、管理和激励的活动和过程.围绕培养和提高人的创造能力,充分调动广大人民群众的积极性,加强领导和管理,实现制度创新和体制创新,建立能力运行机制,塑造能力人,营造能力型组织和能力型社会,是当前我国进行能力建设的必然选择.