Participation and Judicial Review: A Reply to Jeremy Waldron

This article challenges Jeremy Waldron'sarguments in favour of participatorymajoritarianism, and against constitutionaljudicial review. First, I consider andcritique Waldron's arguments againstinstrumentalist justifications of politicalauthority. My central claim is that althoughthe right to democratic participation isintrinsically valuable, it does not displacethe central importance of the `instrumentalcondition of good government': politicaldecision-making mechanisms should be chosen(primarily) on the basis of their conducivenessto good results.I then turn to an examination of Waldron'sclaim that individuals are entitled toparticipate in decisions which affect theirlives. Furthermore, I respond to his claimthat justifications of constitutional judicialreview rely on an objectionable distrust ofdemocratic politics, and is inconsistent with aview of the person as a morally responsible,autonomous agent. Finally, I seek to show thatjudicial review can itself become a valuablechannel of political participation, especiallyfor those who are marginalized and disempoweredin the normal political process.     

俄罗斯恐怖主义犯罪问题研究综述

近年来,俄罗斯恐怖主义犯罪问题的研究逐渐受到国内外学者的关注。我国学者对此问题的研究起步较晚,成果多集中在恐怖主义的根源、应对措施和相关立法等方面。俄罗斯的相关研究成果比较丰硕,为我们从多学科、多角度研究俄罗斯恐怖主义犯罪问题提供了可资借鉴的参考。     

Review of The Victim of a Crime

Theoretical treatment of questions pertaining to the individual victimized by a crime and his behavior and role in the commission of the crime is essential for purposes of practical struggle with crime and for crime prevention. This book not only centers its attention on this subject, important for theory and practice, but also contains a further development of the subject. The authors have chosen to study questions pertaining to the victim, analysis of which was furthered by the completeness with which the subject is dealt with, the high level of scholarship, and the practical usefulness of the approach. Moreover, they did not confine themselves to questions relating to purely legal disciplines but examined a range of social relationships (criminological, psychological, and moral). The book interprets the concept of victimization-prone as "the possibility of becoming the sufferer from a crime in a situation when the outcome could, objectively, have been prevented" (p. 13). It would appear to us that the most successful aspect of the book is the treatment of the qualities and actions of the citizen leading to his being a victim and, consequently, placing him in the position of a damaged party.     

对内幕交易罪争议要素的评释

刑法的目的是保护法益。刑法目的对刑法解释有决定性的作用。根据刑法目的解释刑法,需要将案件事实作为刑法解释的对象,对解释目标进行利益衡量、价值判断,通过法益对构成要件的解释机能解释刑法。内幕交易罪属于经济犯罪,解释时应将法律文本与案件事实同时作为刑法解释的对象,在解释时不应完全依赖经济行政法,对构成要件应进行实质性评价与判断。对刑法用语要在经济生活中去发掘真实含义。     

犯罪概念的哲学思考

犯罪概念理论经历了从形式的概念到实质的概念,又从实质的概念到形式与实质相统一的概念,再从统一的概念到形式与实质相分裂的概念这样一个发展过程,成为刑法学的一大困惑。在这个问题上,外国刑法学最终走向了不可知论,而中国刑法学则滑向了形而上学唯物论。之所以出现这种局面,其原因在于到目前为止,中外刑法学都只是孤立、片面、静止地研究犯罪概念,不了解概念的相互联系和运动发展。犯罪概念是由先于刑法的社会物质生活条件所决定的,刑法的任务不在于解决犯罪概念问题,而在于运用已先于自己而存在的犯罪概念来作出判断。刑事司法的任务是在刑法判断的基础上作进一步的推理。犯罪概念的形成、运用犯罪概念所进行的刑法判断、以及运用犯罪概念和刑法判断所进行的刑事司法推理,是犯罪概念运动的一个完整过程,在这个过程中,犯罪作为一个概念它是统一的,不存在形式概念与实质概念之分,也不存在立法概念与司法概念之分。     

中国黑社会性质组织犯罪之60年回顾

2009年是新中国成立60周年，在各界回顾60年的发展历程之际，我们也有必要检讨在过去60年中黑社会在中国的基本状况，这不仅可以让我们清醒地认识黑社会的形成和发展规律，也将为我们未来的反腐与打黑提供思路。     

网络犯罪追诉时效问题探析

网络犯罪具有自身不同于其他犯罪的特征。在对网络犯罪诉讼时效问题的探讨中,结合这些特征和其类型划分,主张判断网络犯罪是否成立时必须采取行为主义与结果主义相结合的标准,实现网络犯罪诉讼时效期限起算标准的多元化。     

Behavioral Economic Analysis of Crime: A Critical Review

Behavioral economic analysis of law is about bringing recent research about behavior and choice together with classical law and economics. In this essay we assess its relevance for the theory of optimal law enforcement. It is our view that criminal law is an area where behavioral analysis has a role to play. Notwithstanding the results so far provided by the behavioral approach are somehow disappointing.     

罪刑均衡的司法考察

司法中的罪刑均衡原则通过责任要素的介入将报应主义下的罪刑均衡与目的主义下的刑罚个别化原则结合起来 ,表现为责刑均衡 ,实现了量刑原则由一元向二元的转变。在罪刑均衡原则的实践过程中 ,定罪与量刑是两个密切相关的范畴。准确定罪始终是公正量刑的前提 ,但量刑对定罪亦有不可忽视的反作用。当前 ,我国司法实践中存在着量刑趋重与量刑偏差较大等问题 ,制约着罪刑均衡原则的充分实现。对量刑偏差问题 ,比较现实的解决方案是将各地量刑经验汇总至最高人民法院 ,在学者的参与下确立起个罪的量刑基准 ,并逐步建立起适度的遵循先例制度 ,以实现量刑的统一。至于量刑趋重问题 ,它是我国刑法文化形态的外在表现 ,难以在短期内得到改观 ,但司法依旧可以有所作为。