Skeletal remains of Dr. Eugenio Antonio Berríos Sagredo

It is often noted that even a well-designed osteological technique may not provide accurate results when applied to single forensic cases. Case studies are ideal to test if this concern is valid, and forensic anthropology is a testing ground for applying a population based standard to individual skeletal remains. Secondly, the increasing role anthropologists have played in forensic sciences has aided the medicolegal disciplines in a number of ways. For example, identification of skeletal remains is now more accurate than ever before. Many of these cases have brought perpetrators to court for justice.The purpose of this paper is to use osteological techniques to analyze skeletal remains and make a positive identification. The victim was found partially buried in the sand near El Pinar, Uruguay in 1995. The analysis indicated that the victim was a 45-year old, white, male who was about 170cm tall. Based on preliminary evidence that the victim might be Dr. Eugenio Antonio Berríos Sagredo, a digital superimposition was made using the victim's photograph and the unknown skull. This examination revealed that the skull corresponded consistently with the individual in the photograph. Results were supported by the fact that personal belongings, such as a medal and wrist watch, also pointed to the same individual. Dental records and radiographs when made available later also indicated the same identity. Dr. Berríos was accused of making nerve gas during the dictatorial regime of former Chilean President General Augusto Pinochet. It was also alleged that he made bombs that killed a Spanish diplomat in his laboratory and a Chilean diplomat in Washington, DC. Many complex techniques are often needed to make a positive identification and such was the case for this study. Because of the nature of anthropology as a holistic discipline, such complexity is an integral part of human biology and behavior and can be used successfully in the forensic sciences and medicolegal investigations.     

Dr. Death? Professionalism,Virtue, and U.S. Physician Participation in the Death Penalty

In the United States at present, the death penalty is a possible sentence in 31 out of 50 states, as well as within the military and for federal cases. In the U.S., numbers of executions are declining, in part due to moratoriums in place and challenges to execution by lethal injection. Participation by physicians in lethal injection executions has been steadfastly viewed by professional medical organizations as contrary to their ethical standards. However, physicians have participated in lethal injection executions, and the morality of the death penalty itself is a matter of intense social and political debate. Medical ethics commentators and professional organizations have typically held that the prohibition on physician participation in the death penalty is independent of the ethical status of the death penalty itself. This article argues that this view is untenable, and that it is tied to a view of professional role virtue that is similarly untenable. At the same time, it argues that, given the morally uncertain status of the death penalty, it is plausible that virtuous physicians may either refuse or choose to participate in some aspects of the death penalty.     

Dr Bonham's Case and ‘void’ statutes

There are two opinions on Coke's remarks in Dr Bonham's Case concerning ‘void’ statutes. Firstly that Coke was assuming a power to declare statutes void as incompatible with some form of higher order law; secondly that Coke was merely asserting a power to interpret statutes. This article suggests that the range of meanings of the word ‘void’ in early-modern English law undermines the foundations of the first position, and that there is no good evidence suggesting a natural law position. Coke's method of statutory interpretation is then explored, showing that his report accords with contemporary jurisprudence on grants of judicial power and parliamentary affirmations of earlier acts, and that the word ‘void’, in this context, had a purely inter partes meaning.     

C.S.I.全攻略

“到现场去”不仅仅是新闻格言在新闻报道中有这样一句名言：“到现场去。”说的是新闻记者只有到了新闻现场，才能更好地把握事实。这句话对于司法调查人员来说具有同样重要的意义，因为犯罪现场往往都留有揭开案件真相的线索。法庭科学的先驱性人物埃德蒙德·洛卡德曾经提出过著名的证据交叉原理：每一次接触总会带走一些东西，留下一些东西。也就是说，一个犯罪行为发生后，犯罪分子总会在犯罪现场留下蛛丝马迹。侦破人员只要循着这些蛛丝马迹，必定可以找到犯罪分子。洛卡德的这个格言意味着所有案件在理论上都是可以侦破的，真正的超完…     

S.W.A.T.:光荣与梦想

目前市面上正流行一部由克拉克·约翰逊执导的DVD影片:《S.W.A.T》,其中文译名有多种,比如《反恐特警组》和《洛城特警》等。这张DVD碟片由美国八大影业之一的哥伦比亚/三星(Columbia/TriStar)公司于2004年6月1日正式发行。很多人看过后都说很过瘾,故事情节当然是虚构的,不过,原型却是真实存在的,那就是位于洛杉矶东六街251号的洛杉矶警察局特别武器战术小组。S.W.A.T实际上是SpecialWeaponsAndTactics的首字母缩写,意思就是“特别武器和战术小组”。影片根据20世纪70年代的同名电视剧集改编而成,正是这部电视剧让洛杉矶警察局特别…     

How to confirm C.E.R.A. doping in athletes' blood?

C.E.R.A. (Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator) is a new third-generation erythropoiesis-stimulating agent that has recently been linked with abuse in endurance sports. The anti-doping community rapidly reacted by releasing a high-throughput screening ELISA allowing the detection of C.E.R.A. doping in athletes' blood. In order to return adverse analytical findings, anti-doping laboratories, however, need, as far as possible, to confirm the presence of the drug in athletes' samples through orthogonal methods. This article focuses on the comparison of 2 proposed confirmation assays based on gel electrophoresis that were coupled with a new sample immunopurification method. IEF, the classical method used to target erythropoietin (EPO) and its recombinant analogues in athletes' samples, and SARKOSYL-PAGE were applied to the plasma samples of subjects having received a single injection of C.E.R.A. It was demonstrated that SARKOSYL-PAGE was at least 6 times more sensitive than IEF, with comparable specificity. A longer detection window coupled with easier interpretation criteria led us to recommend the use of SARKOSYL-PAGE to confirm C.E.R.A. presence in athletes' blood.     

Adrian A. S. Zuckerman.法律、事实抑或司法

作为裁判的基础，法律和事实之界分，具有重要的含意。法律必须适用于案件事实。案件事实要么由当事人承认，要么由法院确定：其中的任何一种(事实认定)方式均不受法律的规制。法律决定何种类型的事实产生权利和义务；个案事实本身并不是由法律创设的，而是存在于法律之外的(客观)世界之中。当案件事实发生争议时，     

W.A. Schabas,Nowak’s CCPR Commentary: U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 3rd rev. edn.

Netherlands International Law Review -     

Effect of eight solvents on ethanol analysis by Dräger 7110 Evidential breath analyzer

The Dr?ger 7110 MK III FIN Evidential breath analyzer is classified as a quantitative analyzer capable to provide sufficient evidence for establishing legal intoxication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ethanol specificity of this instrument in the presence of other solvents. Effects of eight possible interfering compounds on ethanol analysis were determined in a procedure simulating a human breathing. Most of the compounds studied had either a negligible effect on ethanol analysis (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone) or were detected in very low concentrations before influencing ethanol readings (methanol, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether). However, 1-propanol and 2-propanol increased the ethanol readings significantly. Thus, Dr?ger ethanol readings should be interpreted carefully in the presence of propanol.     

花环.权力.镣铐──李富生受贿案始末

公元1993年11月8日，南国郴州秋风瑟瑟、细雨蒙蒙。上午9点20分，郴州地区打击经济犯罪宣判大会召开，法官宣判原郴州地区化工局副局长兼郴州地区桥口氮肥厂厂长、党委书记李富生被判处有期徒刑5年。这时的李富生苍白的脸颊上流下了悔恨的老泪。他脑袋低垂，眼睛望着手中的镣铐，似乎在追忆着那一幕幕曾使他狂喜不已而又最终使他悔恨终身的往事，回忆着他那“花环·权力·镣铐”的人生三部曲。　　一　　1990年初秋，李富生带着简单的行装，撇下妻子女儿，风尘仆仆地来到了离郴州市30多公里的山沟里的郴州地区桥口氮肥厂就任厂长。刚上任时…     

声音.花絮

声音一毛钱能买什么东西!———因为对方只给了一毛钱,乞丐接过之后就将钱撕成了两半。就算离婚,现在还是夫妻,不好管。——26岁的北京女子董珊珊被丈夫王光宇虐待致死,案发前她曾8次报警,却因警察的无奈最终没逃过劫难。     

Doctors in the executive suite: should the U.S. and U.K. be putting M.D. licensure at risk for shortfalls in institutional quality of care?

As our healthcare system becomes further managed, delivery organizations are reincreasingly relying upon physician executives to administer the delivery of care by other individual providers. In both the United States and the United Kingdom, this has led to instances in which physician disciplinary procedures have been invoked with respect to physicians who are perceived to be responsible for institutional defiiciencies. The author examines and analyzes the contrasting approaches taken in the two countries, and recommends an activist approach for disciplinary agencies faced with these circumstances.     

A U.N. Convention to Regulate PMSCs?

Abstract

In the last 20 years the ruthless competition for natural resources, political instability, armed conflicts, and the terrorist attacks of 9/11 have paved the way for private military and security companies (PMSCs) to operate in areas which were until recently the preserve of the state. PMSCs, less regulated than the toy industry, commit grave human rights violations with impunity. The United Nations has elaborated an international binding instrument to regulate their activities but the opposition of the U.S., U.K., and other Western governments—and from PMSCs, which prefer self-regulation—have prevented any advancement.