Creating change in the legal system

Focuses on the potential contributions that community psychology models can make to theory, research, and practice in the area of psychology and law. The author, in his presidential address to the American Psychology-Law Society, looks specifically at the criminal and juvenile justice systems and the impact that these systems, and law and policy more broadly, have on individuals. He argues that community psychology perspectives would help shift the focus away from the disproportionate and often incorrect emphasis that our system of justice places on individual deficit models and individual level interventions, and concludes that a community psychology approach would also reinforce efforts to promote prevention programs that in the long term might prove more effective in dealing with the problem of crime in our society.This article is a revised version of the American Psychology-Law Society (Division 41 of the American Psychological Association) Presidential Address, read at the American Psychological Association Convention, Los Angeles, August, 1994. I want to thank Ray Corrado, Steve Hart, John Monahan, Jim Ogloff, Julian Rappaport, Dick Reppucci, Kathy Roesch, and Ed Seidman for their comments and feedback on earlier versions of this paper.Simon Fraser University.     

Racial prejudice in the canadian legal system

The effects of defendant and victim race and the impact of judicial instructions on defendant verdict were examined using a simulated videotaped rape trial. Subjects were 243 Canadian university students randomly assigned to one of eight conditions. Subjects were asked to assume the role of juror and to view a videotape of a simulated rape trial. The results indicated that the defendant's overall attractiveness or “positive appeal” was the best predictor of defendant guilt, above and beyond defendant race. Neither victim characteristics nor the presence of judicial instructions was found to have predictive utility. Results are contrasted with findings from simulation studies in the United States.     

略论中国法制现代化的理论指导

囿于历史原因及其他诸多因素的影响,中国法制现代化在其过程中遭遇到一定困难,我们必须针对这些难点制定相应对策,这就涉及到以何种理论作为指导的问题;邓小平法制思想是建设我国社会主义法治国家的理论源泉,亦是我国法制现代化的理论基础,困此我们强调必须在其理论指导下,推动当代中国法制现代化的伟大实践。     

简论医疗事故的司法鉴定制度

医疗事故的司法鉴定是司法实践的迫切需要 ,鉴定中要解决的问题的特殊性决定应由临床医学专家和法学专家共同组成鉴定组织进行鉴定 ,这种鉴定与通常意义上的法医鉴定有显著区别 ,不可混淆。建议由公、检、法、司共同确定鉴定成员名单 ;设立地 (市 )、省、中央三级鉴定组织 ,以确保鉴定结论科学、公正。     

简论医疗事故的司法鉴定制度

医疗事故的司法鉴定是司法实践的迫切需要,鉴定中要解决的问题的特殊性决定应由临床医学和法学专家共同组成鉴定组织进行鉴定,这种鉴定与通常意义上的法医鉴定有显著区别,不可混淆。建议由公、检、法、司共同确定鉴定成员名单;设立地（市）、省、中央三级鉴定组织,以确保鉴定结论科学、公正。     

完善我国科技法律制度的战略思考

江泽民同志在党的十六大报告中 ,将实行科教兴国战略和可持续发展战略 ,推进依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的治国方略作为重要内容列到我们党必须坚持的基本经验之中。依法保障和促进科技进步 ,充分发挥科技第一生产力的作用 ,是近十几年来 ,我国立法机关的重大举措。下面我就科技法律制度 ,讲三个方面的问题。　　一、科技法的概念科技法作为我国社会主义法律体系中的一个新成员 ,调整着特定的社会关系 ,对形成良好的法律秩序 ,推进经济、社会、文化的全面进步 ,具有重要作用。科技法具有如下主要特点 :(一 )科技法有特定的调整范围任何…     

论诚信法制建设

诚信是市场经济的灵魂。一个没有诚信、没有秩序的市场,就无法保障经济的可持续增长,更无法带来民众生活质量的提升。诚信是规范、制度和价格的统一体,是现代社会中每一个成员都必须遵循的基本规则和社会义务,也是全面建设小康社会不可忽视的一个方面。本文从诚信的内涵,诚信面临的危机,危机的根源分析,他山之石等方面阐述了诚信的相关问题,并着重论述了如何完善我国的诚信法制,建立诚信社会的具体构想。     

法律体系的新成员——案例指导制度

案例指导制度是我们国家司法制度新近确立的一个组成部分。作为新生事物,它与我们现存的法律体系、法律制度是否兼容,这是值得探讨的。在大陆法系国家,案例制度一开始也受到了排斥,但後来还是逐步引进并确立了案例制度。我认为,对于中国而言,正在讨论建立的案例指导制度,与立法、司法、执法,包括法律职业、法律教育也应该是兼容的,而不是排斥的。     

Economic analysis of the legal standard for deceit in English tort law

Scholars of law and economics have produced a huge amount of literature on how to design an optimal legal standard in tort law to regulate international torts. However, there are few works to use these theories in the analysis of tort law in an individual jurisdiction. In this paper, I apply a law-and-economics analytical framework to the study of the legal standards for deceit in English tort law with an aim to show that the law-and-economics approach could generate new insights valuable to broad our understanding of the law of deceit.

劳务派遣法律制度评析

<劳动合同法>对劳务派遣作了专门规定,建立了劳务派遣法律制度,使劳务派遣进入了法治轨道.但劳务派遣这种新的用工形式,在我国其法律制度尚待成熟和完善.     

论政府信用与法制

政府信用是市场经济发展的灵魂和基石,也是构建社会信用体系的关键所在。要想打造政府信用,必须以法律为保障。目前我国政府信用缺失,主要是法制的不完善。在我国实现政府信用法制化必须做到:(一)民主选举;(二)依法行政;(三)政府信息公开;(四)政府官员信用的法制化等。     

论中关村的涉外法律制度

中关村科技园区的涉外法律制度，代表着中国科技园区涉外法律制度的最新面貌。它有三方面尤为显著的特色或优点：一是它像中关村园区本身一样，极富创新性，是一种崭新的涉外法律制度；--是它比之中央立法和其他园区立法所建置的涉外法律制度更加开放，是一种深具开放力度的涉外法律制度；三是它以先进的立法理念和原则为指导，是一种具有高品味精神品格的涉外法律制度。这样一种涉外法律制度，必然在相当程度上预示着中国科技园区涉外法律制度以至整个涉外法律制度的未来走向。     

论宗族制度与中国传统法律文化

宗族制度是中国古代以家长制为核心、以血缘关系为纽带的特殊社会体制.梁启超先生曾谓:"中国古代的政治是家族本位的政治."①这种在中国历史上存在了几数千年的宗族制度,本身寄身于传统的农业经济体系之中、依托于农耕生产方式而存在,同时又构成了传统社会正统价值体系、政治制度的基础.中国传统社会中最重要的几方面要素,包括儒家学说、伦理观念等思想因素,以及外在的专制体制、社会等级制度,无不与宗族观念、宗族制度密切相关.     

论我国未成年人权益保护法律制度的完善

自<中华人民共和国未成年人保护法>顾布以来,我国的未成年人权益保护状况已经有了很大改善,但是未成年人的权益并未完全得到保障,以各种方式侵害未成年人权益的现象仍大量存在.本文从未成年人权益维护的含义着手,在对国外未成年人权益保护经验论述的基础上,分析了我国未成年人权益保护存在的法律问题,并提出了完善的建议.     

大陆法系民事诉讼鉴定人的法律定位及相关问题研析

大陆法系国家及地区的民事审判实行"职权进行主义(Verhandlungsmaxime)".在其诉讼程序中,以自己专业知识辅助法官查明案件事实的案外人被称为"鉴定人",其口头或书面陈述被称为"鉴定意见".就鉴定人的诉讼地位识别而言,大陆法系的通说为"折衷论",即侧重于将鉴定人视为一种"法官的专业辅助人",仅在有限的程度上才会兼顾其另一属性—"证据方法".大陆法系民事诉讼的具体制度一贯强调"鉴定人不偏不倚的中立性",极力排斥其"党派性".在鉴定人制度方面,大陆法系主要存在两大缺陷:一是在案件事实判断方面,法官过于依赖其指定的鉴定人,存在后者非法篡夺前者事实认定权的问题和现象;二是由于交叉询问制度(the cross-examination)的缺乏,再加上私人鉴定人过于弱小的诉讼地位,使大陆法系的法律系统无法有效地控制和评估鉴定人的意见.这两大缺陷都与识别鉴定人地位的"折衷论"有关.     

The special role of foreign legal history in China in the construction of a new legal system

The development of the Chinese legal system is based on the learning of foreign legal systems. Foreign legal history, as one of the elementary courses in higher legal education, is becoming a driving force for China’s progress toward the rule of law and is playing an indispensible role in the construction of Chinese legal system by educating, cultivating and academic exchanging. The discipline of Foreign Legal History not only provides diverse perspectives for the construction of a new Chinese legal system, but also testifies the establishment of the rule of law in China. It not only benefits Chinese legal system, but also makes contribution to the cultivation of the new generation of Chinese legal talents. Therefore, we should insist on learning from the legal cultural heritage embedded in Foreign Legal History for the purpose of developing Chinese legal system.