后新公共管理改革:局限与超越

20世纪90年代末期，伴随着第一轮改革中出现的“碎片化”、部门之间缺乏协调与民主社会价值观缺失等问题的出现，西方一些国家展开了第二轮政府改革实践——后新公共管理改革。后新公共管理与传统科层制、新公共管理的差异性比较，应该是更受欢迎的替代方案。然而，后新公共管理的几点假设是基于理想层面的推断，其合理性值得商榷，即对组织现象的单维度诠释、结构性与制度性改革的失衡、与民主型治理的碰撞、行政个体责任和相互信任的迷失性缺失等。每个国家都需要探索具有自己特色并可选择的改革方案。     

新时期马克思主义行政管理在政府改革中的实践

新时期的政府改革十分重要,尤其是在我国政府改革中,需要进行促进强化的地方有很多,改革开放之后,我国也进行了几次行政改革,但是还有许多地方需要进行完善,利用马克思主义行政管理理论,将其渗透到现实改革实践中去,可以帮助我们建立更好的政府,真正为人民服务,替民众分忧。     

美国政府管理的最新改革与发展

自上世纪末以来，美国人口结构特征、技术手段与公共服务体系等社会环境发生了持续的变化，导致政府管理面l艋诸多日益复杂的挑战。为了应对这一总体性的危机，一种新的公共行政理论、管理模式——新公共管理（new public management）应运而生。与以往传统的公共行政框架内进行的变革不同，     

公用事业反垄断与政府公共管理改革

公用事业垄断尽管有其自然性,但所形成的弊端也是十分显著.在公用事业领域推进竞争机制,不仅有利于提高公用事业的服务水平,还能极大地促进政府公共管理改革.     

民营化改革:城市商业银行发展的必然选择

资金规模过小、政府股权过大是城市商业银行发展的内在制约因素;银行业市场化改革的客观要求、外资银行进入的压力、人民银行对商业银行资本充足率提高的迫切要求和国有商业银行现代产权制度的不断完善等,是促使城市商业银行民营化改革的外在激励因素。因此,城市商业银行在谋求长远发展的道路上,实施民营化改革是其必然选择。     

电子政务与政府管理创新

政府管理创新研究是现代行政管理与公共管理领域的前沿性理论问题之一,也是当代政府改革迫切需要解决的重大实践难题之一。以电子政务为标志的现代信息网络技术的开发与应用,为现代行政管理与公共管理领域寻求理论突破及探索政府改革途径开辟了全新的数字化空间。现代信息网络技术和政府管理的相互交叉发展,使当代政府管理绩效、成本、效能、回应力及分权等许多重要方面迸发出引人注目的社会效益和经济价值,为政府管理创新研究提供了重要启示。可以预计,这一研究成果的深入发展和应用,必将有力地推动我国“进一步转变政府职能,改进管理方式,…     

回顾与建议：政府机构改革三十年

经过近30年6轮的机构改革,今天中国的政府机构与编制设置状况以及政府过程本身都已经发生了巨大的变化.在服务市场经济建设、机构改革思路、公务员规模控制、制度化和改革技术细节等方面取得了显著成绩.同时,机构改革也遗留了大量需要解决的问题,主要表现为中央机构改革没有与地方政府机构改革、党群机构改革、事业单位改革、公务员内部结构调整、政府过程完善和行政区划调整等很好地结合起采.因此,应努力通过适当拉大改革周期、重新确定机构改革目标、加强政府职能分类分层次指导等途径,推动政府机构改革向更具实质的阶段发展.     

新公共管理理论视角下政府会计缺陷与改革路径

政府会计改革无论是对一国经济还是对公共管理水平的发展都有着深远的影响。一个健全的政府会计改革框架可以增加政府财政活动透明度、提高信息披露质量和水平、转变政府职能,为人民提供更优质的服务。现行的政府会计存在很多缺陷,新公共管理理论视角下政府会计改革能提高政府绩效、转变政府职能,同时也是政务公共的需要。在分析新公共管理理论视角下我国政府会计存在的问题基础上,提出了完善政府会计体系;渐进式地引入权责发生制;改善政府会计财务报告的信息质量等政府会计改革的路径。     

社会服务管理中的管理主义与专业主义张力:基于政府购买社会服务的分析

在新公共管理的推动下,政府向社会力量购买服务已经成为转变政府职能、激发社会活力、提升国家治理能力的一项重要工作。作为一种社会创新,政府购买社会服务实践的发展也提出社会服务的管理问题。基于社会服务管理研究的管理主义与专业主义理论,分析研究G市"家庭综合服务中心"服务购买过程及其相应的服务管理过程,发现G市"家庭综合服务中心"社会服务管理呈现一种强管理主义与弱专业主义相混合的状态。在这种不均衡的混合状态下,社会服务管理的各个环节都存在管理主义与专业主义之间的冲突与矛盾。为了减少社会服务管理中的管理主义与专业主义之间的冲突,可以采取提高专业社工在服务管理各环节中的参与度与话语权、增强服务管理人员对社工专业知识的掌握、提高服务对象在社会服务评估的角色、兼顾服务评估的量化指标以及人文关怀等措施。     

探析英美民营化浪潮——兼论对我国行政改革的启示

20世纪七八十年代英美掀起了民营化浪潮,这股民营化浪潮取得了相当好的成效,使英美摆脱了财政危机,提高了政府效能,也使其第三部门得到了长足的发展,这给我国行政改革以一定的启示。     

地方政府创新与政府体制改革

文章分析了地方政府创新的客观空间和动力,探讨了它在坚持与推广方面存在的问题、原因及对策,论述了地方政府创新与政府体制改革之间的关系。     

政府审批制度改革探索

政府审批制度改革是一项力度大、影响大、意义大的改革工程 ,它使政府部门较好地从繁忙的审批业务中解脱出来 ,转到依法加强宏观调控、制定市场规则、实施监督管理、加强廉政建设、强化社会服务上来。同时 ,它会使企业进一步扩大自主权 ,更好地发挥市场机制的作用 ,解放和发展生产力。深圳市政府审批制度的改革 ,在深圳市委、市政府的直接领导下 ,经过两年多的艰苦探索 ,取得了明显成效。 1999年 2月 13日 ,市政府出台了《深圳市审批制度改革若干规定》(以下简称《规定》)。根据《规定》 ,市政府 42个部门和单位原有的 72 3项审批事项减少了…     

定位·退位·到位——深圳政府审批制度改革要解决的关键问题

深圳从1997年开始至2001年先后两次对行政审批制度进行了大刀阔斧的改革。第一次改革将政府审批(核准)事项由原有的1091项减少到628项,减幅42.4％;第二次改革在第一次改革的基础上(加上国家和省下放的44项),再减少277项,减幅41.2％,两次改革共减少审批(核准)事项740项,减幅65.4%。而且第二轮改革,市、区、     

Equal Employment Policy in Germany: Limited Results and Prospects for Reform

This article contributes to feminist debates on equal employment policy in Germany by pointing out the shortcomings of current German equal employment policy in the private sector and by suggesting a new approach to shore‐up the gaps of current policy. The first section of the article critically assesses existing legislation and the voluntary regulation of gender equality in the private sector by the social partners. The second section addresses prospects for reform and discusses a new approach to gender equality in the workplace. The article concludes with suggestions for a more effective equal opportunity law as a crucial part of a labor policy that includes issues of gender equality.     

Managerialism, Accountability and Democracy: A Victorian Case Study

Managerialism has made a substantial contribution to providing a more cost conscious, efficient and effective public service. But the Victorian case also raises concerns about whether managerialist techniques will be pursued within a wider constitutional, political and legal framework which recognises the need for discussion, debate and accountability in democratic policy-making.     

The Politics of Financial Regulatory Reform in Britain and Germany

Over the past decade, Britain and Germany have both made fundamental changes to their financial regulatory regimes with the creation of single powerful regulators. In both cases, this meant either ending or severely limiting the regulatory role of central banks. This article argues that the creation of these new regulatory actors cannot be understood without reference to the preferences of domestic political actors responding to the increased political salience of financial regulation as a policy issue. The result was distinct partisan differences about institutional design and responsibilities with centre-left parties seeking regulatory actors clearly accountable to government and parliament. Such an account of institutional change is in contrast to previous accounts of the evolution of financial regulation that are largely exogenous to domestic politics.     

Pension Reform in Germany and Austria: System Change vs. Quantitative Retrenchment

This article first outlines the differences in outcome of pension reform in Germany and Austria. The 2001 German pension reform cut benefits very little, but it started a system changing transformation process by strengthening the second (occupational pensions) and third pillar (private pensions). The 2003 Austrian pension reform, pushed through against major opposition from the labour unions, contains very few elements of policy innovation, but benefits have been cut back much more significantly than in the German case. The paper explains the difference in outcomes (system change in Germany, retrenchment in Austria) by looking at the structure of political institutions. The federal government in Austria is much less constrained by formal veto players than the German government, which had to engage in extensive coalition-building to get the pension bill through the second chamber of parliament. Therefore the influence of informal veto players (mainly unions) was much higher in Germany. The impact on the reform outcome was the positive discrimination of occupational pensions and less severe cuts in the benefit levels. The concluding thesis is that for successful and long-term sustainable welfare state reform, a small number of formal veto players is a valuable resource. A large number of formal veto players is an obstacle to retrenchment reforms, although it might encourage policy innovation, because political actors will look for other policy venues to increase their leverage.     

Schools with a Difference: Policy Discourses and Education Reform in Britain and Germany

Throughout the 1990s, corruption cases, policy failure and scandals tarnished Belgium's international reputation. In this article, we analyse the effect of federalism and political culture on corruption and policy failures and their impact on the likelihood of such occurrences becoming scandals. Survey material suggests that there are few differences between French- and Dutch-speakers in the perception and tolerance of corruption. We then list a number of variables that can explain corruption in Belgium and argue that the independent effect of federalism is very limited. Next we demonstrate that federalism has played a much more significant role in lowering the risk of policy failure, while at the same time creating a few new vulnerabilities. Finally, we argue that the regional political elites do not often engage in policy learning and frequently put forward federalism as the main solution to the avoidance of policy failure and scandal. In this sense, regional political elites do not seize the opportunity for policy experimentation and transfer that is generally seen as one of the main virtues of a federal system of government.