Scientizing Food Safety: Resistance,Acquiescence, and Localization in India

Since the mid‐1990s, formal scientific risk management has been codified at all levels of food safety governance in affluent states: firm‐level standards, national regulation, and international law. Developing countries' access to affluent importers and power in international standard‐setting fora now hinges on their scientific capacity. This article explores the consequences of these developments in India, which moved quickly from resistance to acquiescence, and then later to mobilization around narratives of scientific risk management's local benefits. The case suggests a two‐stage model of scientization among developing countries: (1) coercive and competitive mechanisms drive adoption of science‐based governance models, and (2) as local actors mobilize to meet foreign demands, they attach their own interests and agendas to science‐based reforms. The outcome is a set of rational myths about the benefits of scientization. The article draws on content analysis of organizational, policy, and news documents and a small set of interviews with highly placed pubic officials and industry representatives.     

Food,Meaning, and the Law: Confessions of a Vegan Semiotician

The essay that follows combines several genres along an unconventional path. It departs from the psycho-semiotic analysis of a personal turning point: the author’s ‘conversion’ to veganism. After exposing the rationale for this change in semiotic terms, however, the essay extends its theorization to the social level, inquiring about the intersection between vegan conviction and commensality. In a world where different food ideologies co-occur, converge, conflict, and sometimes clash, what is the role of the law in establishing value priorities and strike a balance among different sociocultural and political trends? The essay concludes with a synthetic definition, in semiotic terms, of the perspective on food, meaning, and law promoted by the author: a vegan liberalism that is tolerant of food pluralism but simultaneously militates for the evolution of culture and society toward the accomplishment of a utopia, that of a world immune from the exploitation of animal suffering.     

Food labeling, safe handling statements, labeling of shell eggs; refrigeration of shell eggs held for retail distribution. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is revising its food labeling regulations to require a safe handling statement on cartons of shell eggs that have not been treated to destroy Salmonella microorganisms. The agency also is requiring that, when held at retail establishments, shell eggs be stored and displayed under refrigeration at a temperature of 7.2 degrees C (45 degrees F) or less. FDA is taking these actions because of the number of outbreaks of foodborne illnesses and deaths caused by Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) that are associated with the consumption of shell eggs. These actions also respond, in part, to petitions from Rose Acres Farm, Inc., and the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). Safe handling statements will help consumers take measures to protect themselves from illness or deaths associated with consumption of shell eggs that have not been treated to destroy Salmonella (all serotypes). Refrigeration of shell eggs that have not been treated to destroy Salmonella will help prevent the growth of SE in shell eggs.     

The Semiotics of Civil Rights in Consumer Society: Race,Law, and Food

Cooking and constitutionalism. Food and racial equity. I intend the juxtaposition to be jarring, even humorous. I would like to view it as a subtle indication of a historical trend in which central aspects of legal memory have been repressed from contemporary civic practice and important intellectual questions, concerning semiotics in consumer society, have been neglected in mainstream legal scholarship. As I will explain, the story of Ollie's barbecue suggests not only that cooking and constitutionalism are intricately linked, but also that the expansion of postwar economic life formed a material basis for this hidden bond. Considering the history of Ollie's thus can both illuminate the deep historical meaning of the Civil Rights Act, and also point the way toward a more general field of research, the development of what might be called a legal semiotics of consumption.     

Food labeling: health claims; soy protein and coronary heart disease. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is authorizing the use, on food labels and in food labeling, of health claims on the association between soy protein and reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Based on its review of evidence submitted with comments to the proposed rule, as well as evidence described in the proposed rule, the agency has concluded that soy protein included in a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of CHD by lowering blood cholesterol levels.     

德国食品法中健康保护的机构、方法和程序

德国现代食品法的重要内容包括基本原则和理想模型,主要有预防原则、成熟的消费者理想模型、透明原则、可追溯性原则和分级责任,其对行政机关和市场主体的行为进行了规范。在食品行政管理领域,欧盟层面的立法和司法主要由欧盟主导,但食品监督和管理责任由成员国承担。德国同样采用立法权限集中、行政管理权限分散的模式。在实行许可自由原则的基础上,德国食品法还规定了广泛的风险预防措施、对消费者的多种保护方法,及其"黑名单"、食品行业自我监督和质量保证和大个体商业企业监督等制度。此外,《欧洲人权公约》和德国《基本法》规定了在食品法领域针对国家措施的法律救济途径。     

Compliance with Food Safety Laws in Germany: Food Businesses in Berlin

In this article we explore how variables associated both with material temptations (economic incentives that foster rule breaking) and nonmaterial behavioral determinants (protective factors that shield people from rule breaking) are linked to compliance with food laws. The object of the study is to examine food businesses in the ready‐to‐eat industry in three districts of the German capital, Berlin. We collected data on compliance behavior and its potential drivers via an anonymous postal survey in 2014. Accounting for the data structure, we used a generalized ordered logit regression to model the relationship between the presumed behavioral drivers and compliance. One crucial finding is that a feeling of embarrassment if relevant others were to learn about noncompliance is positively related to compliance. The same holds for the internalized approval of food laws and their enforcement (acceptance of rules).     

德国大力加强食品安全

在食品质量控制和安全保障方面，德国政府确定了三大目标：保护消费者健康，仅允许提供质量可靠和符合安全标准的食品：保护消费者不受欺骗，严防欺诈；保护消费者知情权，提供的信息必须实事求是。制定了七项原则：食品链原则、企业责任原则、可追溯原则、独立而科学的风险评估原则、风险评估与风险管理分离原则、预防原则和风险沟通透明原则。     

印度食品监管法律制度研究

随着经济的发展,食品供应日益丰富,食品安全日益为人们所关注,食品安全问题也引起了世界各国政府的广泛关注。印度作为世界上第二大发展中国家,其经济发展速度和人口数量与中国非常接近,印度政府近年来在保证食品安全方面采取了一系列有效的监管措施,尤其是在2005年印度制定了《食品安全及标准法》(草案)。本文通过分析草案所确立的印度食品监管法律制度,结合我国目前食品安全法律体系存在的问题,提出完善我国食品监管法律制度的建议。     

Children's Rights and the Politics of Food: Big Food Versus Little People

This article traces the battle in the United States during the Obama administration, continuing into the Trump administration, to protect children's rights to food. It explores barriers to development of sound, science‐based food policies, including the refusal to recognize food as a human right, anti‐science denialism, hostility toward government regulation, and relative powerlessness of children. It points to the role of a “Big Food Pyramid” composed of powerful food industry and large scale distribution and marketing interests in blocking sound policies in prenatal and infant nutrition, school lunches, SNAP and WIC, the marketing to children of high fat and fructose‐laden products, and campaigns to increase youth fitness. While predicting a continuing assault at the federal level on children's rights to safe and healthy foods, the article highlights the positive role of consumer demand in shaping marketing, labeling and production of food and opportunities for leaders in the food industry and in government at local, municipal and state levels to continue the battle for sound food policies.     

Agreed minutes; meeting between the Food and Drug Administration and the Health Authorities of Switzerland. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Notice

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is providing notice of agreed minutes between FDA and health authorities of Switzerland. The purpose of the agreed minutes is to continue and enhance cooperation in the fields of drugs, medical devices, and biological products consistent with FDA's framework for achieving mutual recognition of good manufacturing practices inspections.     

完善我国食品质量信息传导机制应对食品安全问题

充分的食品质量信息可以促进公权机构执法,可以使消费者作出正确的消费决策。这种结果会传导到生产环节和制度层面,从而在食品安全保障方面形成良性循环。为了使执法机构拥有尽可能多的食品质量信息,需要公权机构在资金和技术上予以足够的支持,应该适当改革我国对食品质量抽查的制度,还要重视悬赏举报制度在食品质量领域的应用。为了使消费者拥有尽可能多的食品质量信息,应该对消费者进行食品消费教育,并建立适合食品质量信息充分传播的渠道和路径。