The world at their fingertips? The mental wellbeing of online distance-based law students

In recent years there has been an increased interest in student mental wellbeing within higher education. In terms of legal education, much of this has been focused upon the United States (US) and Australia, with a lack of United Kingdom (UK)-based empirical data available. Although there is now extensive provision of online distance learning options available to UK (and other) law students, there is a notable lack of research into the possible challenges which are specific to this form of tertiary offering. This paper seeks to contribute to the development of research in this area by reporting upon, and analysing, preliminary data gathered from an empirical study of the mental wellbeing of online distance learning law students.     

法理论:历史形成、学科属性及其中国化

要破除部门法学因过度教义化形成的学科壁垒,不能走向要求法学无条件地向其他社会科学全面开放的极端,而应该深化和发展法理论研究。通过历史的梳理可以发现,科学范式的转换、传统法哲学的衰落和部门法学的内在诉求构成了法理论研究形成的背景。它发端于历史法学时期,以19世纪的法学百科全书运动为其先声,而其作为独立的法学分支学科则经历了创始、成熟和多样化三个阶段,从一开始的分析法理论逐渐发展为包括多种进路在内的宽泛领域。法理论是一门从内部观察者的视角出发,通过研究基本法律概念来致力于法律知识的一般化与体系化的关于实在法的规范学科,包括法的理论与法律科学理论两部分。它对部门法学发挥着体系构造、学说批判和知识筛选功能,构成部门法学之知识和方法的法理。当下中国的法理论研究,要在兼容并蓄的基础上与部门法学形成良性互动,提升研究的整体自洽性和一般性,加强分析法理论和社会法理论方法间的分工与合作。     

论党的第三代领导集体对反腐败思想的创新

20世纪90年代以来,腐败问题成为阻碍中国进一步发展的巨大障碍,引起了全社会的普遍关注。以江泽民为核心的第三代党中央领导集体在腐败的严重性、腐败的根本成因、反腐败的方略三个问题做出了创造性的发展,使90年代以来的反腐败斗争不断取得阶段性成果。     

再论不确定法律概念之司法审查———立足于第103号行政审判指导案例的考察简

不确定法律概念往往成为行政诉讼争议的焦点.实践中,法院消极审查可能导致行政诉讼目的难以实现,积极审查又可能干涉行政权的行使.然而,国内学者的观点——不确定法律概念可分为经验概念和价值概念,对于经验概念,法院可以进行严格审查;对于价值概念,法院应给予高度的尊重——在司法权与行政权地位明显失衡的现状下以及在实现行政诉讼目的和司法最终裁决原则的要求下,已经明显“站不住脚”了.本文通过对第103号行政审判指导案例的分析,认为应确立对所有不确定法律概念都可进行司法审查的原则,在此前提下依据对不确定法律概念进行的重新分类再确定相应的司法审查程度和司法审查标准.     

Asymmetric cointegration relationship among Asian exchange rates

This study investigates the asymmetric cointegration relationship among the Japanese yen, the Korean won, and the Singapore dollar using an instrumental variable threshold cointegration test which allows asymmetric adjustment and avoids test statistics depending on nuisance parameters. This threshold cointegration approach clearly provides evidence for a cointegration relationship characterized by asymmetric adjustment toward the long-term equilibrium level. This finding indicates that the long-term equilibrium relationship among the Japanese yen, the Korean won and the Singapore dollar remains stable with asymmetric adjustment. The finding also shows there is a temporal delay in the reaction of the Korean won and the Singapore dollar to the Japanese yen change. Therefore, we conclude that, in the short-term, Korean won and Singapore dollar shocks are important to determine the response of the Japanese yen; the Singapore dollar shock is also important to determine the response of the Korean won; however, the Japanese yen shock is unimportant to determine the responses of the Singapore dollar and Korean won.

建构主义学习理论的困惑

建构主义学习理论在知识观、学生观、学习观和情境观等方面令教育工作者存在着诸多困惑,在教育实践指导中也可能出现诸多问题,我们要预防该理论在教学目标设置、教学过程实施以及教学评价等方面偏差的发生,强调知识的个体性但更应追求其普遍性,发挥学生主体作用但不该轻视教师指导,强调"意义建构"但不应排斥"意义接受",强调"情境创设"但不应排除"抽象概括",惟有如此,才能确保和促进教育改革沿着正确的轨道前进.     

新闻文化的学科观检讨

为促进新闻文化建设的可持续发展,需要从新闻的概念、内涵、价值体系、学科体系等方面,对传统新闻学的史、论、业务三大块学科模式提出挑战,建构以“实务”为主干,以“文本”和“经营”为两个基本点的新的学科体系。同时要借鉴发达国家的政治传播思想,从政治学、社会学的角度,解读新闻文化的国家属性、政党属性、公众属性等三者之间的关系。这对于进一步推进社会主义新闻文化研究、实施新闻执政、构建和谐社会和提高党的执政能力,具有十分重要的意义。     

问题图式获得理论及其在教学中的应用

问题图式是能在问题解决过程中起核心作用的大的知识单元,它使我们对问题解决表征机制的认识更为深刻.在阐述问题图式获得机制方面,研究者提出了结构映射理论和语用图式理论,同时发现类比问题解决和样例学习是获得问题图式的两条有效途径.因此,要想在教学中有效地促进学生问题图式的获得,就要增加学生类比问题解决和样例学习的机会,比如提倡图式图教学;在样例教学初期,给予学生适当的线索提示;迁移教学中增加源问题类比物的数量等.     

加强大学生诚信网络教育的思考

从诚信教育的角度来说,大学生网络学习主要有自主性学习和自发性学习二种形式。针对大学生网络学习的特点,大学生诚信的网络教育应当采取积极性和消极性二种策略,这二种策略做法不同,却又相辅相成,共同构成大学生诚信网络教育的整体思路。     

商代婚姻观念、制度与古代东西方各国婚姻观念、制度异同考析

中国商代与古代的印度、希腊、罗马的婚姻观均是承继嗣、承祭祀 ,然而婚姻制度却大相径庭 ,前者实行一夫多妻制而后者多为一夫一妻制。造成制度不同的原因有两个方面 ,即宗教的影响和政治的影响。     

对公安高专教育改革的思考

在目前的高专教育中,普遍存在人才培养目标定位的不准确性、教学计划与课程设置脱离培养目标、教学观念和教学方法与现代教育不相适应等问题。必须对培养目标准确定位,大幅度修改教学计划,调整课程设置和教学内容,建立与调整专业指导委员会,全面进行教学改革,方能适应现代化公安工作对人才的需求。     

The Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory: A Meta‐Analysis

Social learning theory has remained one of the core criminological paradigms over the last four decades. Although a large body of scholarship has emerged testing various propositions specified by the theory, the empirical status of the theory in its entirety is still unknown. Accordingly, in the present study, we subject this body of empirical literature to a meta‐analysis to assess its empirical status. Results reveal considerable variation in the magnitude and stability of effect sizes for variables specified by social learning theory across different methodological specifications. In particular, relationships of crime/deviance to measures of differential association and definitions (or antisocial attitudes) are quite strong, yet those for differential reinforcement and modeling/imitation are modest at best. Furthermore, effect sizes for differential association, definitions, and differential reinforcement all differed significantly according to variations in model specification and research designs across studies. The implications for the continued vitality of social learning in criminology are discussed.     

Is Domestic Violence Learned? The Contribution of Five Forms of Child Maltreatment to Men's Violence and Adjustment

On the basis of a learning-theory approach to the intergenerational transmission of violence, researchers have focused almost exclusively on violent men's childhood experiences of physical abuse and witnessing family violence. Little consideration has been given to the coexistence of other forms of child maltreatment or the role of family dysfunction in contributing to violence. This study shows the relationships between the level of child maltreatment (physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and witnessing family violence), childhood family characteristics, current alcohol abuse, trauma symptomatology, and the level of physical and psychological spouse abuse perpetrated by 36 men with a history of perpetrating domestic violence who had attended counseling. As hypothesized, a high degree of overlap between risk factors was found. Child maltreatment, low family cohesion and adaptability, and alcohol abuse was significantly associated with frequency of physical spouse abuse and trauma symptomatology scores, but not psychological spouse abuse. Rather than physical abuse or witnessing family violence, childhood neglect uniquely predicted the level of physical spouse abuse. Witnessing family violence (but not physical abuse) was found to have a unique association with psychological spouse abuse and trauma symptomatology. These results present a challenge to the understanding of domestic violence obtained from learning theory.     

地方政府开展绩效评估的科学路径

政府绩效评估是一种有效的政府管理模式和手段,开展地方政府绩效评估已成为我国行政管理创新的重要实践。因此,选择地方政府绩效评估的科学路径,促进地方政府绩效评估健康发展,是我国推进地方政府绩效评估面临的一个战略议题。