猪血清中牛病毒性腹泻病毒抗体ELISA检测方法的建立与应用

为建立检测猪源牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)抗体的ELISA方法,经ELISA反应条件优化、特异性试验、重复性试验及与中和法、IDEXX ELISA对比试验建立了特异性ELISA。用此方法对福州市周边20个猪场的222份猪血样进行了BVDV抗体检测。结果显示,本ELISA反应条件为:BVDV Oregon C24V与NADL株联合包被(质量浓度均为31.25μg/L,每孔加50μL)的条件为37℃1h加4℃8h,家兔抗猪瘟病毒(CSFV)超免疫血清(每孔血清效价可中和400RID CSFV)阻断时间为2.0h,封闭剂和血清稀释液中NaCl的浓度和Tween-20的体积分数分别为0.7mol/L和3.00mL/L,100mL/L马血清封闭剂、1∶50稀释的待检血清、0.625 mg/L HRP-家兔抗猪IgG酶标二抗(100μL/孔)及底物的反应时间分别为2.0、0.5、0.5h及15min;检测CSFV、伪犬病病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒阳性血清均为阴性;4份血样进行5次板内、板间重复试验结果均一致;参照中和试验,本ELISA方法的符合率(97.9%)高于IDEXX BVDV ELISA抗体检测试剂盒(93.8%);福州市周边猪群BVDV抗体阳性率为34.7%,猪场阳性率为80.0%,其中母猪群阳性率(44.6%)高于商品猪群(26.4%)。结果表明,本ELISA方法特异性强、符合率高、重复性好,适合用于猪源BVDV的血清学监测。     

牛蓝舌病病毒VP7抗体胶体金试纸条检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速检测牛蓝舌病病毒抗体的免疫层析方法,本研究通过胶体金标记蓝舌病病毒VP7蛋白,以兔抗牛IgG作为检测线,抗蓝舌病毒VP7蛋白单克隆抗体作为质控线,采用间接法制备了胶体金免疫层析试纸条。结果显示,该胶体金试纸条在蓝舌病病毒抗体阳性血清稀释度为1∶64时仍可检出;该试纸条与牛结核病、牛布鲁氏菌病、牛病毒性腹泻、牛巴氏杆菌病、牛地方流行性白血病的阳性血清均无交叉反应;与国外商品化试剂盒相比较,该试纸条检测结果与ELISA检测试剂盒(IDEXX)的符合率为92.7%(51/55)。结果表明,本试验初步建立的牛蓝舌病病毒抗体的胶体金免疫层析检测方法具有较好的特异性和稳定性,整个检测过程可在10 min内完成,能够快速检测样品血清,适用于现场快速检测。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒抗原捕获ELISA抗体检测方法的建立与应用

用猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)N蛋白单克隆抗体IgG包被酶标板,以纯化的PEDV作为捕获抗原,建立了PEDV抗原捕获ELISA抗体检测方法。优化后该方法的反应条件为:单克隆抗体包被浓度为2μg/mL,37℃包被2h加4℃过夜;含50g/L脱脂奶粉的磷酸盐缓冲液作为封闭液,37℃封闭3h;捕获抗原的质量浓度为5μg/mL,37℃作用3h;被检猪血清做1∶50稀释,37℃作用1h;山羊抗猪IgG-HRP稀释度为1∶2 000,37℃作用45min;底物最佳作用时间为37℃10min。设定阴阳性血清抗体对照,计算血清样品的S/P值,S/P值≥0.37判为阳性,S/P值0.323判为阴性,介于两者之间为可疑。用建立的ELISA检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、伪狂犬病病毒、猪瘟病毒和口蹄疫病毒等阳性血清,结果均无交叉反应性。该方法的批间和批内变异系数均小于10%。相对国产商品化抗体检测试剂盒,其敏感性、特异性和符合率分别为94.6%、91.3%和93.3%。应用本方法检测山东、浙江和江苏省的308份猪血清样品,结果 PEDV抗体阳性率达89.29%。结果表明,建立的抗原捕获ELISA敏感性、特异性和重复性良好,可用于PEDV抗体检测和流行病学调查。     

用猪瘟酶标抗体检测牛病毒性腹泻——粘膜病病毒

牛病毒性腹泻——粘膜病(BVD/MD)是由病毒引起牛的传染病,临床上主要表现腹泻、消化道粘膜的炎症和糜烂。该病在我国少数地区已有发生。为控制本病流行,笔者根据BVDV与猪瘟病毒具有抗原交叉性的原理,试用猪瘟酶标抗体,检测BVDV,以期为临床诊断提供一种简便、快速、特异的检疫方法。 材料与方法     

牛D型产气荚膜梭菌肠毒血症间接ELISA诊断方法的建立

根据菌体蛋白可以刺激机体产生相应抗体的原理,建立了以产气荚膜梭菌粗提菌体蛋白为抗原的检测牛D型产气荚膜梭菌抗体的间接ELISA.结果显示,D型产气荚膜梭菌菌体裂解抗原最适包被浓度为50 μg/mL,最适包被条件为37 ℃ 1 h;被检血清的最适稀释度为1∶100,酶标二抗的最适工作浓度为1∶1 000,血清与酶标二抗的反应时间均为37 ℃ 1 h;最适封闭时间为37 ℃ 1 h;PBST稀释液中脱脂乳的浓度为30 g/L;底物最适反应条件为室温25 min;阴阳性临界值为0.032.对采集于吉林省延边州的100份牛血清样品采用建立的间接ELISA进行了检测;结果,阳性率为11.0%.经特异性试验、重复性试验和与琼脂扩散抗体检测法比较,采用裂解菌体蛋白为抗原建立的ELISA方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性和重复性.     

牛传染性鼻气管炎抗体的纳米胶体金斑点免疫渗滤法检测

将无血清细胞培养的牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)抗原包被于硝酸纤维素膜,加入待检血清样品后,利用纳米胶体金标记的山羊抗牛IgG显色,建立了检测IBR抗体的纳米胶体金斑点免疫渗滤法检测试纸盒。整个试验过程仅需5min即可判断结果,与蓝舌病、牛赤羽病、牛地方流行性白血病、牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病、猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病和猪细小病毒病的阳性血清不发生交叉反应。将该法与用于IBR抗体检测的ELISA方法同时对300份临床牛血清样品进行IBR抗体检测,结果二者的阳性符合率达94.4%。结果表明,该法具有特异、敏感、快速可靠、效果直观、结果容易判断的特点,非常适用于IBR的早期诊断和流行病学调查。     

副猪嗜血杆菌不同血清型稳定表达蛋白的筛选及间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为了建立一种能够检测不同血清型副猪嗜血杆菌抗体的间接ELISA,选用了在4、5、12型副猪嗜血杆菌中稳定表达的3种蛋白经原核表达后作为候选抗原和全菌裂解物同时包被酶标板,对临床猪血清进行副猪嗜血杆菌抗体检测,发现以锰依赖的超氧化物歧化酶(MSD)作为包被抗原得到的结果最接近用副猪嗜血杆菌全菌裂解物进行ELISA检测的结果,故确定以MSD蛋白为抗原建立间接ELISA。通过方阵滴定对ELISA反应条件进行筛选优化,确定了最佳反应条件:包被抗原的质量浓度为1.5μg/mL,4℃过夜;50g/L脱脂奶粉溶液37℃封闭2h;血清稀释度1∶160,37℃作用90min;酶标二抗的稀释度为1∶15 000,37℃作用45min;底物显色时间为37℃6min。抗体临界值D450nm≥0.245 1判为阳性,D450nm0.208 3判为阴性,介于两者之间为可疑。特异性和重复性试验证明,该方法与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、口蹄疫病毒、红斑丹毒丝菌、马链球菌、猪链球菌、大肠杆菌、肠炎沙门菌血清抗体无交叉反应,批内、批间重复性较好。用建立的间接ELISA对114份临床血清进行检测,与4、5、12型全菌裂解物的ELISA检测结果比较,阳性符合率分别为80.77%、80.00%和90.00%。结果表明,建立的间接ELISA可被用于4、5、12型副猪嗜血杆菌的抗体检测和流行病学调查。     

猪轮状病毒双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

用差速离心法纯化的猪轮状病毒(RV)分别免疫仔猪和兔,制备了猪抗RV和兔抗RV超免疫血清,并用层析方法进行了纯化,建立了检测RV的双抗体夹心ELISA方法.结果表明,该双抗体夹心ELISA的最佳反应条件为:猪抗RV IgG包被浓度为4 μg/mL,兔抗RV IgG最佳工作浓度为3.5μg/mL,样品反应时间为90 min,酶标抗体工作浓度为1:8 000,以D<,450nm≥10.161作为阳性判定标准.该ELISA的重复性变异系数小于10 %,最低检测限为1.25μg/mL,并与猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪大肠杆菌和沙门菌等病原无交叉反应,该ELISA试剂在室温和4℃条件下至少可保存4个月.用该ELISA方法和RV金标检测卡检测70份临床粪便样品,结果显示,ELISA的阳性检出率为22.9%,而金标检测卡的阳性检出率为20.0%.表明,建立的双抗体夹心ELISA方法具有特异性好、灵敏性高和重复性好等优点,可用于RV的快速检测.     

抗鹅细小病毒卵黄IgG的制备及其间接ELISA检测方法的建立

采用水稀释-辛酸-硫酸铵法粗提与DEAE50纤维素层析相结合的方法从免疫鹅细小病毒(GPV)的鹅卵内提取鹅卵黄IgG,通过核酸蛋白检测仪和SDS-PAGE测定IgG的浓度和纯度后,制备兔抗鹅IgG酶标抗体;建立了针对GPV的间接ELISA抗体检测方法,确定其最佳工作条件,并对该ELISA的特异性及重复性进行检测;应用该间接ELISA检测了GPV VP3基因疫苗的免疫效果。结果显示,获得的纯化鹅卵黄IgG浓度为10mg/mL,抗体纯度达到94.5%,兔抗鹅IgG的血清琼脂扩散效价约为1∶32;经筛选确定该ELISA的最佳工作条件为:最适抗原包被浓度为20μg/mL,最适血清稀释度为1∶100,酶标抗体的最佳工作浓度为1∶3 000。用建立的间接ELISA检测禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性法氏囊炎病毒、鸭肝炎病毒、鸭瘟病毒的阳性血清均为阴性,表明该方法特异性强、重复性好。经临床初步应用,能检出GPV VP3基因疫苗产生的抗体,在肌肉注射100μg与200μg基因疫苗的鹅血清中,IgG均从第14天开始上升,并分别在第35、21天达到最大值。表明本试验制备的兔抗鹅IgG酶标抗体具有较好的应用价值。     

猪轮状病毒间接ELISA检测方法的建立

以纯化的猪轮状病毒VP6蛋白作为检测抗原,建立检测猪轮状病毒血清抗体的间接ELISA。优化后的反应条件为:抗原包被量为6μg/mL,血清的最佳稀释度为1∶100,酶标二抗的工作浓度为1∶5 000。应用该方法检测阴性血清样本30份,确定的检测临界值为0.143(D490nm≥0.143,则判定为阳性)。特异性试验表明,用建立的间接ELISA对传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪细小病毒、猪瘟病毒和伪狂犬病病毒阳性血清进行检测时无交叉反应。重复性试验证实,批内和批间变异系数均小于10%。结果表明,本研究建立的用以检测猪轮状病毒抗体的间接ELISA具有较高的特异性和敏感性,可应用于猪轮状病毒的病原学检测。     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

中巴关系的发展及其认识误区（英文）

China and Brazil established a strategic partnership in 1993. The bilateral ties have seen rapid development in almost all areas. However, there are eight myths surrounding the China-Brazil relations. These myths are the result of a lack of mutual understanding as well as the misconceptions result misconceptions of the western observers and media. These misunderstandings have of have jeopardized images of the China-Brazil relations and also hindered further development of their bilateral relationship.     

中国的“主场外交”:机遇、挑战与任务（英文）

The successful hosting of the CICA summit has drawn great attention The attention to China's "host diplomacy". Analyzing new features of China's "host to "host diplomacy" during this new period, this paper will look at the opportunities and challenges facing China's "host diplomacy" and discuss the problems that China should address in order to do a better job in this regard and bring its "host diplomatic advantages" into full play.     

亚洲整体性崛起及其效应(英文)

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the overall rise of the Asian geographic plate has been particularly prominently. The overall rise of Asia reflects the improvement of a large number of developing countries in Asia. The long-occupied aggressive status of the United States and Europe is weakening, and the overall rise of Asia appears more highlighted, and its impact upon the world seems more intense.     

CAFIU Convenes the 11~(th) Council Meeting in Beijing

正On the morning of April 2,2014,CAFIU held the 11th Executive Council Meeting in Beijing.Present at the Meeting were Member of the Politburo of the 17th CPC Central Committee and Vice-Chairman of the 11th CPPCC National Committee Mr.Wang Gang,ViceChairman of the 11th NPC Standing Committee and President of CAFIU Mr.Zhou Tienong,ViceChairpersons of the NPC Standing Committee Mme     

Speech by Honorary President Zhou Tienong at the 11~(th) Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU (Excerpt)

正I am very pleased to attend the 11th Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU,and would like to express my hearty congratulations to President Yan Junqi,the new leadership and the newly-elected Executive Council.I also want to express my sincere thanks for choosing me to be the Honorary President of CAFIU!     

Name-list of Members of the Standing Committee of the (11)~th Executive Council (in alphabetical order of the surname's first letter)

正I.Political Parties and Government Sector Lu Yan Director,Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce Tong Guili Member,Standing Committee of the CPC Municipal Committee of Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province Secretary,CPC Working Committee,Administrative Commission for the Sci-Tech and Innovation Industrial Park in west Hangzhou City