全国应急管理体系构建及今后的发展重点

本文主要介绍了国务院“一案三制”建设工作的成就、国家应急预案体系的框架和特点、全国应急管理的分类分级应急管理的运行机制以及应急保障体系,对全国应急管理工作的今后发展重点提出了建议,强调要把应急管理工作的重点从预案编制转向落实到“十一五”规划中去。     

城市火灾事故应急救援体系规划探讨

完善的火灾应急救援体系是减少火灾人员伤亡和降低火灾损失有力的保障体系，在城市消防规划中，必须要考虑建立和实施火灾应急救援规划，充实火灾应急救援的力量，理顺各级应急救援机构的组织管理关系，明确各组织救援机构的职责，建立完善的消防指挥中心，编制各类各级火灾事故应急救援预案，建立完善的消防应急体系，才能确保发生火灾特别是特大恶性火灾扑救工作的顺利实施，将火灾损失降低到最低限度。     

应急指挥安防管理平台的发展及应用

<正>一系列突发事件促使我国各级政府更加重视应急管理,我国目前已初步建成国家突发公共事件应急预案体系,应急信息平台已列入《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》的优先主题。《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)》把公共安全列为我国科技发展的重点领域。《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》以及《"十一五"期间国家突发公共事件应急体系建设规划》也都对应急平台体系建设作出了相应部署。     

国务院全面加强应急管理工作

为了深入贯彻实施《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》，全面加强应急管理工作，国务院2006年7月6日发布了《国务院关于全面加强应急管理工作的意见》，并授权新华社全文播发。该意见提出，在“十一五”期间，建成覆盖各地区、各行业、各单位的应急预案体系；健全分类管理、分级负责、条块结合、属地为主的应急管理体制，落实党委领导下的行政领导责任制，加强应急管理机构和应急救援队伍建设；     

论城市重大危险源监控与应急救援体系建设

本文介绍了近年来中国重大工业火灾、爆炸、中毒事故简况,论述了城市重大危险源监控与重大事故应急救援体系建设的关系,作者提出城市重大危险源辨识、监控是建立重大事故应急救援体系的基础和前提,并建议在城市重大事故应急救援体系建设中应将重大危险源监控、土地使用安全规划、社区安全建设、应急救援规划等有机地统一起来,加强安全科学和应急管理学科建设与人才培养,将公共安全作为我国可持续发展的重要内容等.     

论城市重大危险源监控与应急救援体系建设

本文介绍了近年来中国重大工业火灾、爆炸、中毒事故简况,论述了城市重大危险源监控与重大事故应急救援体系建设的关系,作者提出城市重大危险源辨识、监控是建立重大事故应急救援体系的基础和前提,并建议在城市重大事故应急救援体系建设中应将重大危险源监控、土地使用安全规划、社区安全建设、应急救援规划等有机地统一起来,加强安全科学和应急管理学科建设与人才培养,将公共安全作为我国可持续发展的重要内容等.     

论城市重大危险源监控与应急救援体系建设

本文介绍了近年来中国重大工业火灾、爆炸、中毒事故简况，论述了城市重大危险源监控与重大事故应急救援体系建设的关系，作者提出城市重大危险源辨识、监控是建立重大事故应急救援体系的基础和前提，并建议在城市重大事故应急救援体系建设中应将重大危险源监控、土地使用安全规划、社区安全建设、应急救援规划等有机地统一起来，加强安全科学和应急管理学科建设与人才培养，将公共安全作为我国可持续发展的重要内容等。     

对城市内涝灾害应急管理的反思及建议

自2012年北京“7·21”暴雨事件发生以来,全国多次发生由强降雨而引发的城市内涝灾害.不仅造成了严重的生命和财产损失,也给城市应急管理工作敲响了警钟.本文从城市内涝灾害的成因入手,反思了城市内涝灾害应急管理工作存在的问题,并寻求应急管理能力的提升路径.即通过建立极端天气监测诊断预测系统和人群分布预警系统,坚持用正确的原则和标准指导城市建设,提高全民防灾意识,加大对违法排污行为的惩罚力度,编制并定期演练城市内涝应急预案,加强各种专业救援团队队伍建设,提升对密集人群的疏散和管理能力,建立并完善城市内涝灾害保险制度等,不断提高城市内涝灾害的应急管理能力.     

浅谈环境突发事件中的志愿者应急救援体系——由地震灾害中的志愿失灵所引发的的思考

文章通过研究"雅安地震"和"汶川地震"中的志愿失灵,以及借鉴国外环境突发事件志愿者服务应急救援的体系建设的经验,探求我国在环境事件应急管理中志愿失灵的现象及其原因,重要的是避开了志愿者日常服务的一般性研究,而是将其置于国家环境突发事件的紧急状态下,结合政府的应急管理,在法律层面重点探讨突发状态下志愿失灵问题,将着眼点放在国家环境突发事件中配合政府应急管理的志愿服务上,并且阐述在环境突发事件应急救援中如何预防和治理志愿失灵,让志愿服务有序、有效地参与应急救援,以期构建国家环境突发事件的志愿者应急救援体系。     

关于城市事故应急救援预案的研究

本文从城市公共安全的角度出发，分析了城市中事故的特点，阐述了事故应急救援的基本任务和编制城市事故应急救援预案的原则，详细说明了应急预案的文件体系和制定步骤，以及应急救援预案中的行动程序，最后提出通过建立城市的应急救援指挥系统来保证应急预案的有效性。     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

论述二十世纪九十年代美国的犯罪问题

在20世纪90年代,犯罪已成为美国社会所面临的一个严峻的问题。集团、枪支、烈性酒、毒品是引发犯罪的重要因素。各类犯罪影响了美国社会的正常秩序,给受害者带来了物质和精神上的痛苦。研究20世纪90年代美国的犯罪问题可以为我国今天打击、预防犯罪提供一些借鉴。