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1.
Some recent studies suggest that sexual minorities may have worse health-related outcomes during adolescence because they
report lower levels of family connectedness, a key protective resource. Using data from wave 3 of the National Longitudinal
Study of Adolescent Health (n = 11,153; 50.6% female; mean age = 21.8 years), this study extends prior research on adolescents to young adults. We examine
whether lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) young adults report lower levels of parental support than their heterosexual peers
and whether differences in parental support help explain why LGB young adults tend to have worse health-related outcomes.
We find that lesbian and bisexual women report lower levels of parental support than heterosexual women and that gay men report
lower levels of parental support than bisexual and heterosexual men. Compared to heterosexual women, lesbian and bisexual
women have higher odds of suicidal thoughts and recent drug use; bisexual women also have higher odds of elevated depressive
symptomatology and heavy drinking. Gay men have higher odds of suicidal thoughts than heterosexual men. With the exception
of heavy drinking, parental support either partially or fully mediates each of the observed associations. Even though the
transition from adolescence to young adulthood is characterized by increased independence from parents, parental support remains
an important correlate of health-related outcomes during this stage of life. Sexual minorities report lower levels of parental
support during young adulthood, which helps explain why they have worse health-related outcomes. Interventions designed to
strengthen relationships between LGB young adults and their parents could lead to a reduction in health disparities related
to sexual orientation. 相似文献
2.
Needham BL 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(2):179-190
Previous research suggests that sexual minority youth have poorer health-related outcomes than their heterosexual peers. The
purpose of this study is to determine whether sexual orientation disparities in mental health and substance use increase,
decrease, or remain the same during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Data are from Waves 1–4 of the National
Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 8,322; 55% female). Respondents were in grades 7–12 at Wave 1 and aged 24–32 at Wave 4. Latent growth curve modeling is
used to compare the mental health and substance use trajectories of youth who consistently report heterosexual attraction
versus those who consistently report lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) attraction, those who report a transition to LGB attraction,
and those who report a transition to heterosexual attraction. Among women and men, sexual orientation disparities in depressive
symptoms and suicidal thoughts persist, but do not increase, during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The same
pattern is observed for disparities in smoking, heavy drinking, and marijuana use among women. Among men, disparities in substance
use are only observed between those who report consistent heterosexual attraction and those who transition to heterosexual
attraction. Disparities between these groups persist over time for heavy drinking and marijuana use but decrease over time
for smoking. While this study finds evidence of numerous disparities in mental health and substance use outcomes during adolescence
and young adulthood, particularly among young women, there is no indication that these disparities get larger over time. 相似文献
3.
V. Paul Poteat Dorothy L. Espelage Brian W. Koenig 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(7):952-962
In this study, heterosexual students’ willingness to remain friends with peers who disclose that they are gay or lesbian and
their willingness to attend schools that include gay and lesbian students were examined among two large middle school and
high school samples (Sample 1: n = 20,509; 50.7% girls; Sample 2: n = 16,917; 50.2% girls). Boys were less willing than girls to remain friends or attend schools with gay and lesbian peers,
as were students in earlier grades than were students in later grades. Further, there was small, yet significant, variability
in these scores across schools. Greater racial diversity within the school partially accounted for this school-level variability;
students in more racially diverse schools reported greater willingness to remain friends and attend school with gay and lesbian
peers. Findings suggest that while intervention programs must continue to address blatant and overt physical aggression against
sexual minority youth, there is also a significant need for programming to address the more subtle expressions of sexual prejudice
that contribute to unwelcoming and unsafe school climates. 相似文献
4.
Religiosity and Alcohol Use in Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth and Young Adults 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sharon Scales Rostosky Fred Danner Ellen D. B. Riggle 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(5):552-563
Despite interest in the role of religiosity in youth development and health behavior, few studies have examined these associations
in sexual minority youth. Participants (n = 11,699) who were adolescents (wave 1) and young adults (wave 3) in the Add Health survey were used to examine proximal
and distal religiosity by sexual identity group and to test group differences in associations between religiosity and alcohol
use. Sexual minorities were less likely than heterosexuals to report a current religious affiliation. In young adulthood,
heterosexual females reported significantly higher distal and proximal religiosity than heterosexual males and sexual minority
young adults. From adolescence to young adulthood, religiosity in all three sexual identity groups (heterosexual, bisexual,
gay/lesbian) significantly declined, with the largest effects found for the sexual minority groups. Distal and proximal religiosity
scores were significantly associated with less alcohol use and less binge drinking among heterosexuals, but not among sexual
minorities. Future studies of sexual minority youth and their religious contexts are suggested.
相似文献
Sharon Scales RostoskyEmail: |
5.
Joanna Almeida Renee M. Johnson Heather L. Corliss Beth E. Molnar Deborah Azrael 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(7):1001-1014
The authors evaluated emotional distress among 9th–12th grade students, and examined whether the association between being
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgendered (i.e., “LGBT”) and emotional distress was mediated by perceptions of having been
treated badly or discriminated against because others thought they were gay or lesbian. Data come from a school-based survey
in Boston, Massachusetts (n = 1,032); 10% were LGBT, 58% were female, and ages ranged from 13 to 19 years. About 45% were Black, 31% were Hispanic, and
14% were White. LGBT youth scored significantly higher on the scale of depressive symptomatology. They were also more likely
than heterosexual, non-transgendered youth to report suicidal ideation (30% vs. 6%, p < 0.0001) and self-harm (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.0001). Mediation analyses showed that perceived discrimination accounted for increased depressive symptomatology among
LGBT males and females, and accounted for an elevated risk of self-harm and suicidal ideation among LGBT males. Perceived
discrimination is a likely contributor to emotional distress among LGBT youth. 相似文献
6.
Rosemary Auchmuty 《Feminist Legal Studies》2003,11(2):163-190
In Barclay's Bank v. O'Brien(1993) the House of Lords extended the undue influence rules to heterosexual and homosexual cohabitees, a move that was widely
welcomed and has been endorsed in Royal Bank of Scotland v. Etridge (No. 2) (2001). The paper argues that the extension to homosexual couples is inappropriate, since undue influence is largely a problem
of heterosexuality. It is not accidental that there have been no reported cases of undue influence between lesbian or gay
partners, not because abuses of power do not occur within such relationships, but because they are free of the central causal
factor of undue influence: not intimacy per se but the gendered power dynamic within heterosexual intimacy that has characterised almost all reported cases. The first part
of the paper examines the courts' treatment of gay and lesbian couples in other areas of equity and concludes that the absence
of gender role assumptions leads courts to treat lesbian and gay claimants more equitably than they do heterosexual women.
The second part focuses on the potential for gay and, especially, lesbian relationships to act as models of more egalitarian
relationships than heterosexual ones. The dominant discourse of inclusion within the gay and lesbian legal lobby is problematised,
and the paper concludes that what is needed is social and judicial recognition of what is different, not what is the same, about our relationships.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Research on the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth with LGBTQ parents is absent in the social science literature. The present qualitative, exploratory study utilized a social constructionist and queer theoretical lens through which to explore the sexual/gender identity formation and disclosure experiences of 18 LGBTQ young adults with lesbian/bisexual mothers. Findings suggest that LGBTQ parents may have a uniquely positive influence on their LGBTQ children in regard to their sexual and gender identity development. However, some participants reported perceiving societal scrutiny related to their mothers’ lesbian/bisexual identities and, thus, felt pressure to be heterosexual and gender-conforming. Furthermore, some participants did not necessarily utilize or view their lesbian/bisexual mothers as sources of support in relation to their own sexual/gender identity formation. While much more research is needed that examines the experiences of LGBTQ children with LGBTQ parents, this study represents a first step in addressing the existing literature gap. 相似文献
8.
This study examined relationships between perceived heterosexism in high school policies and programs, social environments,
and victimization rates among lesbian, gay, bisexual and questioning (LGBQ) students. Secondary analyses of Internet survey
data from a large cohort of LGBQ students (N = 2037; 76% male, 82% White; mean age = 16.07; 56% gay or lesbian; 28% bisexual; 16% questioning) yielded moderate correlations
between perceptions of non-discrimination and harassment policies, inclusive programs, and the prevalence and tolerance of
anti-LGBQ harassment. The perceived availability of inclusive programs was more closely associated with perceptions of the
prevalence and tolerance of harassment in schools than were perceived policies. Victimization was related to perceived policies,
programs, and harassment. Perceived harassment partially mediated effects of programs on victimization, but perceived programs
also predicted victimization even after controlling for perceived harassment. Moderating effects of demographic characteristics
(e.g., gender, race, sexual orientation, and outness) were explored. 相似文献
9.
The rhetoric of the ‘best interests of the child’ frequently emerges in public and political debates concerning the changing nature of family and society. This article explores how the rhetoric was invoked in recent same-sex marriage debates in Australia. We analyse the public submissions to the 2009 Australian government inquiry into same-sex marriage to reveal the ways in which the abstract figure of ‘the child’ was deployed. It became evident that heteronormativity was privileged and upheld primarily through the discourse of children's best interests. Concern about the well-being of children raised by lesbian and gay parents was the pivotal argument by those who opposed same-sex marriage. Heteronormativity was reproduced through the claim that same-sex parenting is harmful to children and thus heterosexuality was positioned as the only ‘safe’ place for parenting. A small number of the submissions in support of same-sex marriage also based their arguments on the best interests of the child. Typically, these submissions positioned lesbian and gay parents as ‘just like’ heterosexual parents and in doing so they produced an idealised homonormative couple. This unwittingly reinforces heterosexuality through the construction of an ‘acceptable’ domesticated homosexuality, based on adherence to heteronormativity, which effectively marginalises other family forms and sexual behaviours. We argue that the rhetorical power of the ‘best interests’ argument relies on the absence of the voices of actual children raised by lesbian and gay parents and that this silencing has harmful consequences for these children. 相似文献
10.
Gustavo Carlo Lisa J. Crockett Jamie L. Wilkinson Sarah J. Beal 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(9):1192-1202
While many adolescents and young adults experiment with substances (e.g., alcohol, cigarette smoking, marijuana), recent research
suggests that rural youth and young adults may be more at risk for substance use than their urban counterparts. This study
was designed to examine the longitudinal relationships between rural adolescents’ prosocial behaviors and substance use in
young adulthood. Furthermore, we examined the potential mediating effects of adolescent substance use, academic investment,
and delinquency. Rural youth (N = 531; 263 girls) were surveyed in grades 10–12 (Time 1; M age = 16.17; SD = .91) and again in early adulthood (Time 2). Measures of prosocial behaviors, substance use, academic investment,
and deviant activities were assessed at Time 1. At Time 2, measures of marijuana use, cigarette smoking, and getting drunk
were administered. Overall, the findings showed that rural adolescents who frequently exhibit prosocial behaviors are less
likely to engage in substance use in young adulthood than those who exhibit relatively low levels of prosocial behaviors.
These findings indicate that prosocial behaviors may have positive health consequences, establishing behavioral trajectories
that lead to lower levels of risky health behaviors in adulthood in rural populations. 相似文献
11.
《Women's studies international forum》2001,24(5):555-570
In this article, I explore arguments commonly used to support the claim that lesbians and gay men should not be parents. Thematic analysis of recent media representations of lesbian and gay parenting and six focus groups with university students highlighted the repeated use of a number of arguments to oppose lesbian and gay parenting. I critically discuss the six most prevalent in this article. These are: (1) “The bible tells me that lesbian and gay parenting is a sin”; (2) “Lesbian and gay parenting is unnatural”; (3) “Lesbian and gay parents are selfish because they ignore ‘the best interests of the child’”; (4) “Children in lesbian and gay families lack appropriate role models”; (5) Children in lesbian and gay families grow up lesbian and gay; and (6) “Children in lesbian and gay families get bullied.” I examine these themes in relation to other debates about lesbian and gay and women's rights, and highlight the ways in which they reinforce a heterosexual norm. 相似文献
12.
Meredith Dank Pamela Lachman Janine M. Zweig Jennifer Yahner 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(5):846-857
Media attention and the literature on lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth overwhelmingly focus on violence involving hate crimes and bullying, while ignoring the fact that vulnerable youth also may be at increased risk of violence in their dating relationships. In this study, we examine physical, psychological, sexual, and cyber dating violence experiences among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth—as compared to those of heterosexual youth, and we explore variations in the likelihood of help-seeking behavior and the presence of particular risk factors among both types of dating violence victims. A total of 5,647 youth (51 % female, 74 % White) from 10 schools participated in a cross-sectional anonymous survey, of which 3,745 reported currently being in a dating relationship or having been in one during the prior year. Results indicated that lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth are at higher risk for all types of dating violence victimization (and nearly all types of dating violence perpetration), compared to heterosexual youth. Further, when looking at gender identity, transgender and female youth are at highest risk of most types of victimization, and are the most likely perpetrators of all forms of dating violence but sexual coercion, which begs further exploration. The findings support the development of dating violence prevention programs that specifically target the needs and vulnerabilities of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth, in addition to those of female and transgender youth. 相似文献
13.
Bianca D. M. Wilson Sid P. Jordan Ilan H. Meyer Andrew R. Flores Lara Stemple Jody L. Herman 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2017,46(7):1547-1561
Research indicates that sexual minority youth are disproportionately criminalized in the U.S. and subjected to abusive treatment while in correctional facilities. However, the scope and extent of disparities based on sexual orientation remains largely overlooked in the juvenile justice literature. This study, based on a nationally representative federal agency survey conducted in 2012 (N?=?8785; 9.9% girls), reveals that 39.4% of girls and 3.2% of boys in juvenile correctional facilities identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. These youth, particularly gay and bisexual boys, report higher rates of sexual victimization compared to their heterosexual peers. Sexual minority youth, defined as both lesbian, gay, and bisexual identified youth as well as youth who identified as straight and reported some same-sex attraction, were also 2–3 times more likely than heterosexual youth to report prior episodes of detention lasting a year or more. Implications for future research and public policy are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Louise Richardson-Self 《澳大利亚女权主义者研究》2012,27(72):205-219
The prominent call to legalise same-sex marriage in Australia raises questions concerning whether its achievement will result in amplified societal acceptance of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people, and on what grounds this acceptance will take place. Same-sex marriage may not challenge heteronormative and patriarchal features typically associated with marriage, and may serve to reinforce a hierarchy that promotes traditional marriage as the ideal relationship structure. This may result in only assimilationist acceptance of LGBT people. However, the consequence of inclusion to marriage ought to reflect social acceptance of LGBTs as people worthy of equal treatment in dignity and in rights, regardless of perceived differences or similarities to a supposed majority standard. This article argues that justice would be best served by introducing and promoting a variety of State-sanctioned unions whilst simultaneously introducing same-sex marriage. This ‘pluralisation strategy’ would increase awareness and legitimacy of other relationship-recognition options, promoting respectful acceptance of LGBT and heterosexual people alike. 相似文献
15.
Joseph G. Kosciw Emily A. Greytak Elizabeth M. Diaz 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(7):976-988
This study examines how locational (region and locale), community-level (school district poverty and adult educational attainment),
and school district-level (district size and ratios of students to key school personnel) variables are related to indicators
of hostile school climate for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. Indicators of hostile climate included
frequency of homophobic remarks and victimization regarding sexual orientation and gender expression. We used data from a
national survey of LGBT secondary school students (N = 5,420; 57.6% female; 65.5% White; mean age = 15.9). Results from regression analyses demonstrated that LGBT youth in rural
communities and communities with lower adult educational attainment may face particularly hostile school climates. School
district characteristics contributed little to the variation in LGBT youth’s experiences. Findings highlight the importance
of considering the multiple contexts that LGBT youth inhabit, particularly as they pertain to educational experiences. 相似文献
16.
Surprisingly little is known about oral sex experiences among emerging adults, including the motives behind their participation
in this sexual activity. The current study examined the characteristics of emerging adults’ most recent oral sex experience.
A total of 431 young people (M age = 21.7 years; 71.7% female) completed an on-line survey assessing their sexual history, context (partner type, co-occurring
sexual behaviors), and motives (physical, emotional, goal attainment, and insecurity) for engaging in their most recent heterosexual
oral sex interaction. The majority of oral sex encounters occurred within the context of a committed relationship and during
an interaction that also included intercourse. Cunnilingus was rare unless reciprocated with fellatio. Overall, both males’
and females’ reports indicate that they were motivated to engage in oral sex by sexual desire and attraction to their partner,
or to enhance an emotional connection with their partner. Insecurity and goal attainment motives were uncommon. Males reported
more physical motives than did females, and females reported more emotional and insecurity motives than did males. The findings
provide insights into youths’ oral sex experiences, and make clear how essential it is to understand the broader sexual and
partnership context in which a given sexual activity occurs. These findings have implications for policies aimed at the development
of effective sexual health education programs. 相似文献
17.
Martino SC Tucker JS Ryan G Wenzel SL Golinelli D Munjas B 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(12):1634-1648
Travelers are a migratory subgroup of homeless youth who may be especially prone to engaging in risky behavior. This study
compared the substance use and sexual behavior of young homeless travelers and non-travelers to evaluate the extent and possible
sources of travelers’ increased risk. Data came from face-to-face interviews with 419 homeless youth (36.6% female, 34.0%
white, 23.9% African American, and 20.0% Hispanic) between the ages of 13 and 24 years (M = 20.1 years, SD = 2.5) who were randomly sampled from 41 shelters, drop-in centers, and street sites in Los Angeles. Travelers
were almost twice as likely as non-travelers to exhibit recent heavy drinking, 37% more likely to exhibit recent marijuana
use, and five times as likely to have injected drugs. Travelers also had more recent sex partners and were more likely to
report having casual or need-based sexual partners and combining sex with substance use. Mediation analyses suggest that travelers’
deviant peer associations and disconnection to conventional individuals and institutions may drive their elevated substance
use. Differences in sexual risk behaviors are likely attributable to demographic differences between the two groups. Overall,
these differences between travelers and non-travelers suggest different service needs and the need for different service approaches. 相似文献
18.
Eisenberg Marla E. Erickson Darin J. Gower Amy L. Kne Len Watson Ryan J. Corliss Heather L. Saewyc Elizabeth M. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2020,49(4):836-848
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Research has indicated that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer/questioning (LGBQ) adolescents have disproportionately high rates of substance use compared to... 相似文献
19.
Homelessness Among Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Youth: Implications for Subsequent Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth with a history of homelessness (running away or being evicted from their homes
by parents) report more psychological symptoms than homeless heterosexual peers, it is unclear whether symptoms are due to
homelessness, given the absence of a non-homeless comparison group. This study longitudinally investigates whether LGB youth
with a history of homelessness report more subsequent psychological symptoms than non-homeless LGB youth and examines potential
mediators of any such relationships. Of the 156 LGB youth interviewed (49% female; 78% non-White), 48% reported past homeless
experiences. Homelessness was associated with subsequent symptoms of anxiety, depression, conduct problems, and substance
abuse and to changes in symptoms over time even after controlling for childhood sexual abuse and early development of sexual
orientation. Stressful life events, negative social relationships, and social support from friends mediated the relationships
between homelessness and symptomatology. These findings suggest the need for interventions to reduce stress and enhance social
support among LGB youth with a history of homelessness in order to reduce psychological symptoms. 相似文献
20.
Sarah S. Dermody Michael P. Marshal JeeWon Cheong Chad Burton Tonda Hughes Frances Aranda Mark S. Friedman 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(1):30-39
Sexual minority (lesbian and gay, bisexual, mostly heterosexual) individuals are at an increased risk for hazardous drinking than heterosexual individuals, but little is known about the nature of the disparities as adolescents reach adulthood. We used four waves of a nationally representative data set, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), to examine disparities of hazardous drinking outcomes between sexual minority and heterosexual men and women from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants were 14–18 years old at the first assessment (N = 12,379; 53 % female) and 27–31 years old at the fourth assessment. At the fourth assessment, 13 % self-identified as sexual minority individuals, 16 % were Hispanic, and 36 % were of minority race, including primarily African Americans (60 %) and Asian Americans (18 %). There were clear hazardous drinking disparities between sexual minority individuals and heterosexual individuals over time. During adolescence, sexual minority individuals, particularly females, reported higher levels of hazardous drinking. As study participants reached adulthood, the magnitude of the hazardous drinking disparities increased among sexual minorities, sexual minority men in particular. Additional research is needed to better understand the developmental mechanisms that underlie the emerging sexual orientation related disparities of hazardous drinking in young adulthood. 相似文献