医疗责任保险的思考

大力发展医疗责任保险,对医疗执业过失给患者造成的损害进行充分赔偿,在保障患者和医疗机构及其医务人员的合法权益,优化医疗环境和医疗公共秩序方面有重要的促进作用。由于我国医院主体是公立医院,侵权法人身损害赔偿相对于综合医院尚未到重大程度,并且综合性医院每年发生的医疗过失案件基本确定,选择满足面临危险的医院财务安全需要的医疗责任保险模式,如医疗责任保险信托等,才能促进医疗责任保险的发展。实践表明,商业性医疗责任保险不宜成为我国医疗责任保险的主体。建立独立的医疗过失纠纷调解鉴定机构,才能保证医疗责任保险顺利开展。     

Carbon dioxide capture and storage—liability for non-permanence under the UNFCCC

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has recently been gaining more and more attention as a climate change mitigation option. However, as CO₂ may re-enter the atmosphere after injection into geological reservoirs, the question of long-term liability has to be considered if an environmentally sound policy is desired. Apart from this aspect, additional complexities arise from the fact that CO₂ capture and storage can be carried out in two different countries. A classification of CCS cross-border activities shows that not all cases with non-Annex I participation fall under the Clean Development Mechanism. This classification is based on the assumption that according to Article 1.8 of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, CCS would be considered an emission reduction at the source. Furthermore, we elaborate on the problem that seepage of CO₂ from reservoirs located in non-Annex I countries—under current rules—would not be subtracted from the emission budget of any country. We discuss options for creating liability in these cases.     

跨国公司人权责任的规制及其反思

在追究跨国公司的国际人权责任方面，目前主要有三种规制方式：国家对跨国公司的管制；来自非政府组织和其他国际组织的监督以及跨国公司的自律。但这些途径尚不足以成为跨国公司承担人权责任的有效保障．因而必须采取措施强化跨国公司国际人权责任的规制。     

The rise and fall of communal liability in ancient law

In ancient societies, rules of communal responsibility permitted the imposition of retaliatory sanctions on a wrongdoer's clan. These rules followed the collective ownership structure of early communities. Over time, notions of personal responsibility emerged, terminating the transfer of responsibility from one member to the whole clan. This paper intends to provide an economic explanation for this transition.     

浅论注册会计师的法律责任问题

注册会计师的法律责任,是指注册会计师因违约、过失或欺诈对审计委托人、被审计单位或其他有利益关系的第三人造成损害,按照相关法律规定而应承担的法律后果。导致注册会计师法律责任的不仅有会计师事务所和注册会计师自身的原因,还有整个社会环境和市场机制的因素。     

海上人身损害赔偿案件连带责任的法律适用

因船舶碰撞造成海上人身损害属于典型的共同侵权行为。如受害方仅向造成碰撞事故的一方侵权人提出赔偿请求,法院是否应当追加另一方侵权人为共同被告?根据《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第5条规定,在共同侵权诉讼中,法院应将没有被起诉的侵权人追加进来。但作为民法的特别法,《中华人民共和国海商法》对有关人身损害赔偿的规定,应较一般法律规定优先适用。因此,受害方仅向造成碰撞事故的一方侵权人提出赔偿请求的,法院不追加未被起诉的其他共同侵权人的做法,符合《中华人民共和国海商法》有关规定及不告不理的司法原则。     

私法责任正当性刍论--在违约责任和侵权责任中求证

私法责任制度设定的直接原因是违反了法定或约定的义务 ,直接目的是要归结出一种法律上的否定性评价。从这个角度来说 ,私法责任制度是为了维护在先的制度权威而产生的后续制度保障。这种后续制度在理性表现和价值体现方面依赖于在先制度 ,但又不完全依托在先制度 ,也表现出本身的制度理性。     

Reimbursement schemes for hospitals, malpractice liability, and intrinsic motivation

We develop a simple multi-task principal-agent model to analyze the interplay between optimal reimbursement schemes for hospitals and liability rules (basic model). We then extend our model and assume that the hospital is intrinsically motivated to exert positive effort for quality and cost reduction. This effort, however, is biased towards quality. Moreover, the intrinsic motivation may be crowded out by monetary incentives. In such a setting, we find that a pure prospective payment system (PPS) that has become widespread in recent years can only be optimal in the unlikely case where malpractice liability holds hospitals fully responsible for expected harm. For other cases, we confirm the prejudice that PPS may lead to inefficiently low quality. Then, the traditional fee-for-service (FFS) system is superior if the intrinsic motivation is high and relatively little biased towards quality, whereas mixed systems should be chosen otherwise. Our model sheds light on why countries like the USA with a tough liability system haven been less reluctant to switch from FFS to PPS than Germany, for instance.     

论我国未成年人监护人责任制度的完善——兼议侵权责任法的立法选择

未成年人监护人责任是民事侵权责任领域非常重要的一部分,我国《民法通则》第133条对其进行了规定,但该规定存在诸多问题。有必要就我国现行监护人责任制度进行检讨,以完善我国相关立法。检讨的重点为未成年人侵权责任能力、未成年人监护人责任的构成要件以及责任形态等方面。通过对现行立法的检讨、学者建议稿的评析、域外相关法律制度的借鉴,试图对将来侵权责任法的相关立法进行一定的构想。     

经济全球化视野下的法学实践教学

中国法学教育必须正视经济全球化带来的机遇与挑战,重新定位法学教育的主要目标,加快实用型法律人才的培养,突出实践教学在法律人才培养过程中的重要地位,明确实践教学的目的,建立科学的实践教学体系及评价标准,保障充足的实践教学时间,确保稳固的实践教学基地和场所,加强对实践教学中各个环节的指导。     

《侵权责任法》背景下医疗损害责任的认定

怎样的责任认定标准才是医疗损害案件裁决中的妥当标准,长期以来社会各界争执不休。《侵权责任法》的出台为消除这种分歧和争执带来了新的曙光。法院作为＂主宰＂案件胜负的关键主体,应如何把握好医疗损害案件中责任认定的标准,才能真正为和谐医患关系保驾护航。本文拟从《侵权责任法》将带来的三项重大调整、附条件的＂推定过错＂能否将患方引向法院和法院审理医疗损害案件责任认定应注意把握好三个结合作一初步探讨。     

交叉学科背景下医事法方向法律硕士课程设置的优化

我国医事法方向法律硕士培养自1986年以来经过30多年的发展,历经萌芽、发展与逐渐规范化阶段,迄今已经形成综合院校模式、医学基础模式与医法融合模式三类模式.但目前作为硕士能力培养基础的医事法方向法律硕士课程设置却依然存在逻辑失明、内容紊乱和支撑乏力的问题,应基于逻辑基点、具体进路、师资保障三个角度对其进行系统优化.     

The genesis of liability in ancient law

This article considers the emergence and evolution of punitiveand compensatory remedies in ancient law. I describe how ancientpractices of retaliation gradually evolved, through four generalphases, into rules requiring victim's compensation. I suggestthat the Biblical lex talionis ('eye for an eye...life for alife') and similar rules that emerged in other ancient legalsystems triggered an important change in the ancient law ofwrongs, marking the end of a system of retaliatory justice andthe emergence of a system based on victim's compensation. Thepaper addresses four related questions. (1) Why was a singlelimit of 1:1 to talionic penalties introduced across all categoriesof wrongdoing, replacing older customary practices that haddifferent multipliers according to the circumstances of thecase? (2) In the presence of imperfect enforcement, did the1:1 limit to retaliation result in underdeterrence? (3) Whydid the practices of literal talionis rapidly fall into disuseafter written formalization? (4) Where the kofer and blood-moneypayments made under a threat of literal retaliation likely togenerate overextraction from the wrongdoer and excessive deterrence?     

英国法下裁决书时效与执行的新发展

针对英国法下裁决书的时效问题,通过对近期GoodChal-lenger案例的详细探讨,得出目前在英国法下可以通过一些方法使裁决书时效不断延长的最新结论;针对裁决书的执行问题,通过对近期两个贵族院案例的分析,得出英国法院无权命令伦敦银行的海外账户将款项支付给裁决的胜诉方的结论。     

On the joint use of licensing and liability

Licensing is a widely used technique applied to impose regulations. Firms inducing harm must hold a license issued by a regulatory agency on a case-by-case basis. A firm may also be subject to liability. This paper studies the implications on social welfare of combining licensing with strict liability. Contributions include the study of a joint use and related administrative costs. The latter include costs pertaining to litigation and the issuing and enforcing of licenses. It is established when a joint use is motivated. Regulatory compliance should protect from liability in order to decrease litigation and enforcement costs and associated distortions.     

医患关系是一种特殊的侵权责任法律关系

医患法律关系性质的界定是正确理解法律、适用法律的基础。我国相关学说虽然多,但仅仅是站在某一个立场,或以某一现象为基础,难免会有失偏颇。理论界的研究尚欠深入,司法实践中也有不少问题。文章从法学的角度论证,医患法律关系的基本性质是民事法律关系,它不属于民事合同关系,而与侵权责任关系有相似,但由于医学科学和医疗行为的特殊性,它应是一种特殊的侵权责任法律关系。     

民法与经济法价值之比较分析

本文首先从经济关系层面出发 ,对民法与经济法的互动进行了分析。指出二者价值差异的根源在于经济思想、公平理念和利益观的差异。二者价值体系在总体上具有一致性、谐和性和互补性。同时揭示了他们间的文化与精神的互补、功能的相互矫正及调整对象的交叉。     

市场监管法属于经济法抑或属于行政法

市场监管法以市场监管关系为调整对象则属于行政法范畴,要使其能够真正发挥应有的作用,则必须以竞争关系为调整对象,并以有关国家机关为辅助机关,以司法救济途径为主的方式重新构建之。     

金融全球化视角下我国货币刑法的改革

金融全球化下金融法律存在趋同的态势 ,货币刑法也有共同规则。我国在加入WTO后 ,货币刑法的国际化应予考虑。中外货币犯罪刑事立法在章节体系、客体定位、罪名设置、主观目的、外币保护、犯罪形态、刑事责任等 7个方面存在较大差异 ,中国的货币刑法重点应从这些方面加以完善     

The feminist defense of law

The purpose of this essay is to highlight the fact that certain specific governing or guideline criteria are in fact necessary before one can establish cases in which it would be admissible to treat the genders unequally. Those criteria, insofar as women＇s rights are concerned, consist of the need to overcome a situation of inequality which arises due to cultural and social reasons. An analysis of the different types of feminist movements follows, concluding that feminism implies two types of hypotheses. On one level feminism can be said to be a theory for equality; on another level it is a theory which turns around the objectivity of law, although it does, in both cases, challenge classical political and iudicial theses.