英国精神卫生法修订评介

本文简要介绍了英国精神卫生法修订背景和主要内容 ,分析了该次修订的特点 ,即重视病人个体权利及其差异 ,强调病人的自主权 ,特别重视通过精神卫生法庭的设立等制度设计干涉和监控医务人员的精神疾病诊断和治疗权这一最基本的职业权利 ,注重平衡为保护病人健康和公众安全而必须的医务人员的强制治疗权和属于病人人身自由等基本人权的病人自主权 ,并指出了产生这些特点的原因。     

英国精神卫生法修订评介

本文简要介绍了英国精神卫生法修订背景和主要内容,分析了该次修订的特点,即重视病人个体权利及其差异,强调病人的自主权,特别重视通过精神卫生法庭的设立等制度设计干涉和监控医务人员的精神疾病诊断和治疗权这一最基本的职业权利, 注重平衡为保护病人健康和公众安全而必须的医务人员的强制治疗权和属于病人人身自由等基本人权的病人自主权,并指出了产生这些特点的原因.     

1998年《人权法案》及其对英国宪法的影响

人权是一个必然的、永恒的、但却是历史的概念 ;换言之 ,是一个永远随着人类社会进步而发展的认识理性。中国人在追寻宣扬人权的同时 ,西方人也在做着类似的努力。李树忠之文至少可以给我们提供以下几方面的思考与启示 :第一 ,英国的“宪法性”规则同样是其法治实践的结果 ,且长久地存在和体现于法治实践中 ,在此情况下 ,英国人是如何实现了人权保护呢 ?其政治条件和法治机制是如何对此发生作用呢 ?第二 ,1 998年《人权法案》进入英国法治实践 ,在何种程度上发生了影响 ?它对英国的政治体制和法治机制能够带来什么样的变化 ?第三 ,《人权法案》的精神与权利宣示究竟有什么样的实质性效力 ,它与国内的公共权力、司法操作以及人权文化会发生何种联系 ?所有这些均可从此文中获取一、二信息与观点的传达。英国宪制之独特及其走入世界大流之状况 ,亦可由此知之点滴而激发自察 ,是故以首篇荐之读者     

New Options for Lawyer Retirement Plans Under the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981

Recent changes in the tax laws governing retirement plans may offer significant tax advantages to lawyers and other self-employed persons. The author discusses the provisions of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 as they affect self-employed lawyers and compares them with the advantages that may be obtained by incorporation—both firm incorporation and individual incorporations within a firm. He explores a variety of tax issues, including important related Tax Court decisions, and makes recommendations with respect to adopting a strategy by a particular lawyer or firm.     

Implementing the Mental Health Act 2007 in British general practice: Lessons from Ireland

Changes in mental health legislation (e.g. Mental Health Act 2007 in England and Wales, Mental Health Act 2001 in Ireland) have generally improved adherence to international human rights standards, but also present challenges to primary care providers. When mental health legislation was substantially reformed in Ireland, 62.9% of general practitioners (GPs) felt the new legislation was not user-friendly. Majorities of GPs who felt the legislation affected their practice reported increased workloads (85%) and various other difficulties (53%). GPs who had received training about the legislation were more likely to find it user-friendly (43% versus 30.9%), and informal training (e.g. from colleagues) was just as likely as formal training to be associated with a GP finding it user-friendly. With similar changes to mental health legislation being introduced in England and Wales, it is significant that informal training is just as good as formal training in helping GPs work with new mental health legislation.     

A note on reverse auctions

Reverse auctions are a new type of auction which has recently spread over the internet to sell a large variety of goods, from electronics to airline tickets. The objective of this note is to illustrate how a reverse auction works, compare it to the other existing auctions and discuss the legal issues that may arise.     

A study of section 3 of the Maltese Official Secrets Act,its Canadian and British counterparts and its effects on freedom of expression

This article answers the question whether s 3(1) of the Maltese Official Secrets Act breaches freedom of expression as contained in art 10 of the European Convention of Human Rights and s 41 of the Constitution of Malta. Article 10 of the European Convention of Human Rights is briefly analysed in the light of obtaining case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Section 3(1) of the Maltese Official Secrets Act – which finds counterparts in several Commonwealth criminal law statutes – is subsequently studied by reference to United Kingdom and Canadian case law. A freedom of expression impact assessment of s 3(1) of the Official Secrets Act is carried out with the ensuing conclusion being that only s 3(1)(c) of the Maltese Official Secrets Act might, in certain circumstances, constitute a breach of art 10 of the European Convention of Human Rights and s 41 of the Constitution of Malta.     

商事法律行为初论

通过对商事法律行为的专门研究,得出如下结论:商事法律行为确实存在,它既不同于民法中的民事法律行为,也不同于商法中的商行为.虽然存在着密切的牵连性,但民事法律行为和商行为本身并不当然等同于商事法律行为.可分别从民事法律行为与商行为中提炼出某些重要的商事法律行为自身具有的特质,即商事法律行为的实施者是以商人为主的商事主体;...     

英国2013诽谤法对ISP的最新规定及对我国的启示

2013年英国颁布了诽谤法修正案,其第5条对ISP进行了有针对性的立法,以ISP是否对发布的内容有影响或控制为标准,将ISP分为两类,并适用不同的责任构成,将通知即删除原则成文化,同时制定了明确的适用的规则。其总体方向是在坚持传统的基础上,确保法律与时俱进并且适用;在平衡言论自由与名誉权的基础上,寻求在最大程度上保护ISP而不是承担责任。英国2013诽谤法使我们从现实合理性方面审视我国网络诽谤立法及ISP现状,据此提出《侵权责任法》第36条第3款的修改意见及我国将来的网络诽谤立法或司法适用的一些基本原则。     

A short note on the identification of mitragynine

The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa are used as a substitute for opium. Criminal penalties for possession of mitragynine in this country are assigned for possession of defined quantities of mitragynine and its identification as Mitragyna speciosa by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography.