The rise and fall of EU labour law

EU labour law—namely that heterogeneous, unstable combination of interventions, tools, measures, sources through which the EU directly or indirectly impacts on the normative and functional frameworks of individual and collective labour law systems of the Member States in a relationship of mutual interference and interaction–is experiencing a progressive loss of relevance, with an unprecedented decline of its normative rationales, functions, regulatory techniques, and constitutional hierarchies. This article offers a critical reflection on the reasons behind such a regressive path in the context of the EU crisis.     

The rise and fall of communal liability in ancient law

In ancient societies, rules of communal responsibility permitted the imposition of retaliatory sanctions on a wrongdoer's clan. These rules followed the collective ownership structure of early communities. Over time, notions of personal responsibility emerged, terminating the transfer of responsibility from one member to the whole clan. This paper intends to provide an economic explanation for this transition.     

The AFSP Standard - a lesson for law enforcement agencies

Compliance with the AFSP (Association of Forensic Science Providers) Standard [1] which concerns the formulation of an evaluative opinion requires consideration of the defence case. This can be problematic for forensic scientists working with or for law enforcement agencies. Among the aims of law enforcement agencies is to secure a conviction while in many jurisdictions the forensic scientist owes an overriding duty to the Court. This casework report demonstrates that early consideration of the defence case by a forensic scientist complying with the AFSP Standard may help rather than hinder the prosecution. The dichotomy as to a conflict of interest for the scientist between supporting the police/prosecutors and being scientifically objective is shown to be a false dichotomy. Compliance with the Standard ensures that science is a better servant of justice.     

从普通法与大陆法的比较看中国法制改革

离开了对本国法律制度进行重大的改进和提高,中国经济要想获得持续、健康、全面的增长是很困难的。中国之所以可以在法律制度并不健全的条件下开始经济发展,是因为中国经济主要依靠国有企业和出口。国有企业在与其商业伙伴发生纠纷时,可以依靠和政府的关系来保护它们的利益。那些外国企业在同这些企业做生意时,可以依靠中国政府树立一个信守承诺的良好声誉的愿望,正式的法律制度相对并不是那么重要。这些都是经济发展早期阶段的通常特征——企业依赖名声、政府的影响以及其他的非正式机制来防止商业伙伴欺骗或不守合约。然而随着经济的增长,…     

The rise and fall of the criminal law of the German Democratic Republic

Dr. jur., University of Munich 1963; Dr. jur. habil., University of Munich 1968.     

Criminal law theory and criminal code reform

M.A., University of Tartu 1979; Ph.D., All-Union Institute of Criminology (Moscow) 1986; LL.M., Columbia University 1993.     

当前司法考试存在的问题与改革方向——以实证法为视角

国家司法考试已经五年了,虽然司法考试在"适当调整、不断完善,"但从总体而言,司法考试的调整和完善并没有取得实质性的突破。本着法律职业的专业化和精英化思路以及司法考试的意义和价值所在,依据现行的法律、规章规定,司法考试应当把握正确的改革方向,借鉴其他大陆法系国家的司法考试经验。严格执行司法考试报名条件,突出考查法律职业能力,增加法律职业技能的专项训练和考核,遴选出具有丰富的法律专业知识、较高的法律职业能力和法律职业技能,以及良好的法律素养和强烈的法律公正意识的法律职业人员,从而促进依法独立行使审判权、检察权,依法履行职责,最终保障司法公正。     

Australian tort law reform: statutory principles of causation and the common law

By mid-2004, Parliaments in each Australian jurisdiction will either complete or will be in the process of partial codification of the law of torts. The reforms, including those to the law of negligence, are extensive. This article focuses on codification of the law of causation as an element of the cause of action in negligence. It examines the background to "tort reform", as the process has been labelled, and discusses the common law paradigm of negligence and various approaches to causation. It then analyses and compares the causation provisions in each jurisdiction.