大麻概况及其气相分析方法综述

随着大麻走私的日益猖獗,对大麻进行快速准确的定性定量分析,为司法部门量刑提供准确可靠的依据显得尤为重要。本文对大麻的化学成分、检材种类、滥用方式进行介绍,并对气相色谱分析方法中涉及的检材提取方法、内标物、色谱柱和质谱图等进行综述。     

尿中苯基脲类除草剂代谢物气相色谱分析

目的建立尿中苯基脲类除草剂代谢物的气相色谱分析方法。方法在检材中加入环己烷、固体氯化钠等试剂,分取有机相,在60℃水浴中加入衍生化试剂反应0．5h,冷却后洗去衍生化试剂,分取有机相进样进行气相色谱分析。结果尿中苯基脲类代谢物4一氯苯胺和3,4-二氯苯胺的检出限在5ng／mL以下,回收率良好,相对标准偏差均低于5％。在0．1μg～5μg／mL间线性关系良好。结论该法高效、灵敏、简便,适合对尿等生物检材中脲类除草剂的代谢物的定性和定量测定。     

灭多威检验模拟试验1例

灭多威，俗称万灵，又名乙肟威，是一种高毒杀虫剂，属于氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂的一种。该类杀虫剂无体内蓄积中毒作用，杀虫效力强，易分解消失，无残毒。民间因灭多威投毒、自杀、误服案／事件时有发生。     

腐败肝脏中氯氮平的高效液相色谱分析方法研究

目的 建立腐败肝脏组织中氯氮平的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法 采用Hypersil ODS柱(150mm×4．6mmid，5(m)，流动相为甲醇：水(80：20)，内含0．025mol／L的磷酸二氢钠和0．01mol／L的十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)(PH5)。检测波长为：222nm，228nm和259nm。结果 用该方法从腐败肝脏组织中检出氯氮平。结论 所建立的高效液相色谱分析方法适用于腐败生物检材中氯氮平的检识，能为法医鉴定工作提供方法。     

GC／MS法分析生物检材中呋喃丹

目的建立生物检材中呋喃丹的检验方法。方法利用溶剂苯将生物检材进行振荡提取、离心,再用色谱-质谱联用技术对上层苯溶液进行分析。结果用该方法在4个实际案例中检出了呋喃丹和其代谢产物呋喃酚。结论该方法适合于案件检验。     

离子对SPE—HPLC法检测生物检材中的百草枯

目的建立生物检材中百草枯的简便、快速、灵敏、可靠的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法生物检材酶解后,用以十二烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基硫酸钠预处理过的C18固相柱萃取,HPLC/DAD进行分析。结果回收率81%～94%,检出限为1ng·mL-1,线性范围50ng·mL-1～1mg·mL-1,结论此方法适用于中毒生物检材中百草枯的检测。     

激光拉曼光谱区分黑色圆珠笔字迹初探

针对现在广泛使用的薄层色谱分析技术带有破坏检材的缺点,提取采用激光拉曼光谱法进行无损检验,通过对收集的5个国家10种牌号样品进行初步比对分析,区分率达90%以上.     

生物检材中毒鼠强的气相色谱测定法

本文介绍了生物检材中毒鼠强的气相色谱测定法。毒鼠强从生物检材中用丙酮提取,肝中回收率为81.86％,提取物浓缩定容后,取定量注入气相色谱仪中,色谱柱固定液为:1.5％OV-17,检测器为:NPD。本方法的最低检出限量为2mg。     

毒物分析在侦查破案中的应用

毒物分析主要研究涉及法律问题的生物检材或其他检材中毒物的分离与鉴定,能查明中毒原因,澄清案件性质,在死因鉴定中是不可或缺的关键环节。近年来,随着毒物检验鉴定技术的不断发展,毒物分析技术手段已在侦查破案中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文报道了两起中毒死亡的案例,通过运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,在关键检材中分别检出特丁硫磷和一氧化碳目标物质,后结合现场勘查等材料成功侦破,还原了案件真实面目,突显了毒物分析技术在服务和支撑实战中发挥的决定性作用。     

烟碱的检验

本文通过一例急性烟碱中毒死亡案例,介绍了烟碱中毒各脏器的病理改变及生物检材中直接提取烟碱的方法,操作步骤简单,检验快速,准确。     

Validation of thin layer chromatography with AccuTOF-DART™ detection for forensic drug analysis

Abstract: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a technique that is commonly employed in the forensic drug analysis of pharmaceutical preparations. Detection is typically accomplished using various visualization spray reagents. Conventional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis is typically performed to confirm the TLC results. Depending on the drugs tested and the instrument conditions required, this confirmation can take up to an hour to complete. Direct analysis in real time (DART?) is an ionization source, coupled to an accurate‐mass time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer that has the capability to ionize materials under ambient conditions. To streamline analysis, the combination of TLC with DART? detection is proposed to screen and subsequently identify drug compounds, all from the same TLC plate. DART? confirmations of TLC analyses take <10 min to complete and compare favorably to GC‐MS in sensitivity and selectivity. This study validates the use of TLC‐DART in the forensic identification of the components of several pharmaceutical preparations.     

灭多威农药的检验

目的建立检验氨基甲酸酯类农药灭多威的方法。方法用薄层色谱法、气相色谱法以及色一质联用法分析;结果灭多威在展开剂氯仿∶乙酸乙酯∶环己烷=2∶1∶1时HRf值为0.38;苯∶丙酮=9∶1时HRf值为0.27;气相色谱检验保留时间为9.75min;质谱图分析为7.156min。结论该方法可用于检案。     

一氧化碳（CO）中毒检测方法

作者查阅近20年国内外相关文献的基础上,对一氧化碳(CO)中毒的检验方法进行了全面的阐述,同时对每种方法的优缺点和适用条件作了比较,并对适用于我国国情的顶空气质联用法进行了改良.     

大麻毒品的检验方法综述

本文综述了大麻类毒品的检验方法 ,包括植物学检验法、常规化学检验法、毛细管电泳法 (CE)、薄层色谱法 (TLC)、高效液相色谱法 (HPLC)、气相色谱法 (GC)、气相色谱 /质谱法 (GC/MS)、免疫检测法 ,以期能够给实践工作提供理论上的帮助     

刺激性毒物西阿尔（CR）的检验

目的简要介绍刺激性毒物西阿尔的物理、化学性质及检验方法;方法使用直接提取法对常见检材进行提取,使用TLC、GC/MS方法对其进行定性分析,以西阿尔在不同展开系统下的Rf值和特征质谱图作为定性依据;结果可快速准确的对西阿尔进行定性分析;结论该方法简便,易行,准确,可靠,可用于案件检验。     

Analysis of volatile compounds in heroin samples

Volatile compounds of 32 street heroin samples were analyzed by head space gas-chromatographic (HSGC) technique. The reliability of this procedure coupled with thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and its application to forensic casework (comparative sample analysis) is discussed.     

Analyzing Salvia Divinorum and its Active Ingredient Salvinorin A Utilizing Thin Layer Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Abstract:  In recent years, Salvia divinorum has become a major focus by state legislatures throughout the United States looking to prohibit the sale of the psychoactive plant. After researching testing procedures presented in the literature and those employed by crime laboratories throughout the country, it was decided that thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were the methods to use to analyze plant material for salvinorin A. With TLC, salvinorin A was detected from extracted plant material and was easily distinguishable from 13 other Salvia species as well as Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana). When using GC/MS, salvinorin A was best extracted from plant material with chloroform at ambient temperature when using a nonpolar solvent and acetone at ambient temperature when using a polar solvent. By utilizing these techniques, criminalists are now able to confirm the presence of salvinorin A in a submitted plant material suspected to be Salvia divinorum .     

The analysis of the methylenedioxy derivatives of amphetamine]

Methods for analysis of narcotics belonging to amphetamine methylene dioxy derivatives (MDD) are reviewed. The characteristics of these agents, their metabolism, and methods used for their detection and identification (TLC, GC, HPLC, GC/MS) are described. Methods for their extraction from biological objects (human urine and hair) are described. Efficacy of MDMA and MDEA from the urine by different extractants is assessed. The data demonstrate different potentialities for detection and identification of amphetamine MDD, including those in biological specimens (human urine and hairs), by numerous chromatographic methods.     

麻醉抢劫案件中咪达唑仓的检验

讨论了用薄层色谱和GC/MS分析咪达唑仑的定性方法,在实际检案中用此方法可作出准确鉴定.     

尿中吗啡常见检测方法

本文介绍了尿中吗啡的常见检测方法，主要是化学反应法、免疫分析法、薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法、高效毛细管电泳法，气相色谱-质谱联用法以及最新检测方法分子印记-化学发光法。这些方法对海洛因依赖者的尿中吗啡可进行定性、定量检测，也可作为海洛因依赖者诊断和脱毒疗效评价的有效手段。