侵犯著作权罪的认定

随着计算机和网络技术的发展,侵犯著作权犯罪也随之呈现出了许多新的特点,作为一种经济犯罪,侵犯著作权犯罪有其深刻的经济文化根源,对侵犯著作权犯罪的有关问题进行研究,明确罪与非罪,此罪与彼罪的界限,对侵犯著作权犯罪的司法认定有着重要意义。     

危害药品安全犯罪的罪名确定

危害药品安全犯罪涉及生产、销售假药罪,生产、销售劣药罪,生产、销售伪劣产品罪,非法经营罪,诈骗罪,以危险方法危害公共安全罪等多个罪名。实施生产、销售假药、劣药犯罪,同时构成生产、销售伪劣产品,侵犯知识产权,非法经营等犯罪的,应按照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚。对于以销售假药、劣药为名行骗取他人财物之实,数额较大的,应以诈骗罪定罪处罚。生产、销售假药、劣药罪与以危险方法危害公共安全罪的界限,关键在于把握犯罪构成的主观方面。     

侵犯商业秘密罪重大损失的理解和认定

近些年来,随着市场经济的发展侵犯商业秘密的行为愈发频繁,刑法上对于侵犯商业秘密罪做出了明确规定,但是对于重大损失的理解和认定还存在争议,从侵犯商业秘密罪中重大损失进行探讨,以期有助于打击侵犯商业秘密的犯罪和维护公平正义。     

论侵犯财产罪犯罪对象的演变及其发展——以网络虚拟财产为视角

网络虚拟财产在本质上是一种数字化信息,它既不是“有体物”,也不是“无体物”,而是一种“财产性利益”,是现实世界中人类劳动和财富的异化。我国刑法侵犯财产罪应严格区分“财物罪”与“利益罪”。研究侵犯网络虚拟财产的行为,对于我国侵犯财产罪犯罪对象的深入研究具有重要意义。     

刑法修正案(七)侵犯军用标志犯罪解读

针对侵犯军事标志犯罪现象,<刑法修正案(七)>对原刑法条文进行了修改,增设了新的犯罪,印非法生产、买卖武装部队制式服装罪、伪造、盗窃、买卖武装部队专用标志罪、非法提供、使用武装部队专用标志罪,它们都是选择性罪名.     

关于虐待罪问题的探讨

我国 1979年刑法将虐待罪规定在“妨害婚姻家庭罪”一章中 ,1997年刑法将妨害婚姻家庭罪全部转移到侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪中。犯罪所侵犯的同类客体的变化 ,必然导致虐待罪认定的变化。司法实践表明 ,对虐待罪中的“家庭成员”、“致使被害人重伤、死亡”的含义以及虐待罪与遗弃罪的界限必须重新界定     

制售假冒伪劣烟草专卖品犯罪的罪数认定

“行为人实施非法生产、销售烟草专卖品犯罪，同时构成生产、销售伪劣产品罪、侵犯知识产权犯罪、非法经营罪的，依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚”系比较原则的规定。在制售假冒伪劣烟草犯罪的罪数形态认定中，具体个案复杂多样，需要结合具体案情区分一罪与数罪，并决定以一罪处理还是数罪并罚。     

侵犯商业秘密罪之人格考量

随着社会经济的快速发展,侵犯商业秘密犯罪日益突出.我国<刑法>第219条的侵犯商业秘密罪对构成该罪的行为方式和处罚做了比较明确的规定.该规定侧重于构成犯罪的客观行为,没有因人而异、区分情况,对人身危险性不同的人处以相同的刑罚,这既不符合人格刑法学的理论要求,也不利于对犯罪人员进行教育改造.为此,我们认为有必要以人格刑法为视角来考量我国的侵犯商业秘密罪,以期对该罪进行重新审视和完善,使该罪名的法律规定更趋于科学合理.     

合同诈骗罪中非法占有的司法认定

合同诈骗罪是从传统诈骗罪分离而来,兼具经济犯罪与财产犯罪的双重属性。其所侵犯的客体为复杂客体,一方面侵犯市场经济秩序中的交易秩序、国家合同管理制度;另一方面侵犯公私财产所有权。在犯罪构成中,主观方面是故意,且具有非法占有的目的。根据《中华人民共和国刑法》第224条规定":以非法占有为目的,在签订、履行合同过程中,骗取对方当事人财物,数额较大的构成合同诈骗罪。"所以合同诈骗罪在主观方面必须具有非法占有目的。在司法认定中",非法占有为目的"对于正确区分合同诈骗的罪与非罪的界限、此罪与彼罪的界限,具有非常重要的意义。因此,如何认定"非法占有为目的"是合同诈骗罪的理论研究与司法认定的重点与难点。     

侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪之立法反思

1997年刑法,由于若干原因存在诸多瑕疵。因而很有必要从总体上和具体罪两个方面对侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪进行反思。从总体方面而言,侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪的体系、罪、刑及立法用语等4个方面需要完善;从具体罪方面而言,有8个具体的罪需要完善与法条的重构。     

Letter from the Editor

ABSTRACT

Organizational theory and research suggests that organizational performance may be affected by environmental circumstances. However, the available evidence on this important issue for public organizations relies primarily on “objective” archival measures of the environment drawn from secondary data sources. Perceptual measures gauging managerial “subjective” views on the nature of the task environment are also likely to be important determinants of organizational outcomes. In this paper, a comprehensive model of the impact of “objective” and “subjective” task environments on the performance of local government service departments is formalized and tested. The results suggest that both objective and subjective environmental munificence are positively related to performance, and that objective and subjective environmental dynamism are negatively related to service achievements. In addition, objective task complexity is negatively related to performance. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

Work tests for welfare recipients: The gap between the goal and the reality

In the past, work tests have largely failed to reduce the rising cost of welfare programs. Part of the reason has been a slippage between the objective and the way it has been implemented. The slippage, according to one major study, has been due to a number of causes: a failure to translate the objective into operating rules consistent with the objective; the difficulties of enforcing the requirement in the field; and the unwillingness to penalize innocent dependents of uncooperative welfare recipients. But more effective implementation may be possible through a number of measures.     

Subjective racism,objective racism: the French case

Drawing on a recent survey on xenophobia and racism in France (autumn 2000), Mayer and Michelat compare answers to questions about minorities (measuring objective racism) with answers to a question on a respondent's own feeling as to his or her own racism (subjective racism), and to an open question about what it means to be 'racist'. The results show that, for three-quarters of the sample, the objective and subjective dimensions overlap: the level of subjective racism goes up with scores on the objective racism scale. But there are two deviant groups. The scrupulous (10 per cent), often to be found among principled Catholics or Communists, feel themselves to be racist in spite of their low scores on the objective scale, while the deniers (14 per cent) do not think of themselves as being racist in spite of their high scores. In line with theories of 'subtle racism', members of this latter group seem to be aware of an anti-racist norm and do not consider themselves to be racist, in contradistinction to racists, who admit being so, and are even proud to transgress the norm.     

A Behavioral Theory of Electoral Structure

Why are party systems in modern democracies so essentially robust? We theorize patterns of electoral competition as the outcome of a struggle between entropy and structure. Forces of entropy entail idiosyncratic voting behavior guided by subjective evaluations, while forces of structure entail coordinated behavior emerging from objective aspects of party preference. Our model locates determinants of party preference on a continuum spanning subjective and objective concerns. Entropy is endemic but elections for nationwide executive office periodically prime objective concerns, reinstating structure in party systems. We demonstrate the cyclical pulse of national elections in a comparative analysis of pseudo-randomized survey data from the European Election Studies since 1989. We also show how feedback from differently-sized party systems consolidates different working equilibria.     

犯罪构成及其客体要件分析

犯罪构成作为刑法理论的一个核心概念,是罪刑法定原则发展的必然要求。我国犯罪构成理论采用了与德、日及英美不同的综合式的模式,将犯罪构成作为评判行为是否构成犯罪的唯一标准。但在实践中这一标准因为《刑法》第13条的但书及排除违法性事由出现了例外,究其原因主要是因为犯罪客体要件存在漏洞,将刑法所要保护的社会关系作为了客体要件。为了将这些例外情形纳入到犯罪构成中,应该对我国犯罪构成的客体要件进行修正。     

宏大叙事的历史观

宏大叙事的历史观是指重视历史进程的客观规律性,认为任何事物的发生都有一个最初本源和最终的目的,历史向着最终的目的进行有规律的发展与变化,并且在历史发展的过程中任何活动、事件的发生都有其因果关系方面的依据,即具有客观必然性,这是一种具有客观性、目的性、机械决定论和本源主义等特征的历史观。     

The Judicial Theory of a Reasonable Public Servant

Contemporary theory of the constitutionally reasonable public servant, established by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1982 in Harlow v. Fitzgerald, is measured in reference to clearly established constitutional or statutory rights that a reasonable person would have known. In this article, the author seeks to elucidate the evolving contours of the objective reasonableness standard and examines how federal courts have applied it. To gain a firsthand impression of how public officials challenged in federal courts are measuring up to the objective reasonableness standard, the author provides a snapshot of 449 recent court cases selected from two federal circuits, the Eighth and the District of Columbia circuits. He concludes that public officials in these two circuits have fared very well under the standard of objective reasonableness. The flip side is that aggrieved individual citizens must carry a heavy burden to protect their constitutional rights.     

The Dilemma of the Unsatisfied Customer in a Market Model of Public Administration

The relationship between administrative service performance and citizen satisfaction has been assumed, but not demonstrated, in the application of market models to public service delivery. Although the citizen satisfaction literature cautions that the link between objective and subjective measures of service quality is tenuous at best, public‐sector professional organizations define a managerial focus on objective measures of service performance as accountability to citizens for outcomes. What if we're wrong?     

Systematic objective setting for effective issue management

• While a great deal of academic and practitioner effort has been devoted to understanding and formalizing objective setting in corporate strategic planning and in strategic communication, far less effort has been committed to objective setting for issue management. Within this context, setting a proper objective is sometimes swept aside in the ‘rush for results’ and, as a consequence, issue management efforts can be misdirected, misapplied and poorly evaluated. Objective setting for issue management has unique requirements which distinguish it from broader corporate planning processes, and this paper develops a rationale and proposes specific guidelines to help to establish strategic objectives for effective issue management.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lobbying and uncertainty: Lobbying's varying response to different political events

Does political uncertainty affect whether lobbyists contact government officials? We suggest that the answer depends on the type of uncertainty introduced. Distinguishing between policy objective uncertainty—where organized interests and lobbyists are uncertain about the policy intentions of decision makers—and issue information uncertainty—where policymakers are uncertain about the technical details of issues—we hypothesize that whereas an increase in policy objective uncertainty leads to a decrease in lobbying, a rise in issue information uncertainty leads to more lobbying. We test the hypotheses with longitudinal data from the Canadian Lobbyists Registry measuring change in the number of times lobbyists have contacted government ministries each month from 2008 to 2018. The results suggest that lobbying intensity does respond differently to these types of uncertainty. Whereas events introducing issue information uncertainty have a statistically significant positive relationship with lobbying, events introducing policy objective uncertainty do not.