鸭疫里默氏杆菌表面抗原D15截短蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备抗鸭疫里默氏杆菌(RA)tD15蛋白的单克隆抗体并对其特性进行鉴定,应用纯化复性的重组tD15蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,应用有限稀释法筛选出抗RA tD15重组蛋白的阳性杂交瘤细胞株;采用腹水诱生法制备单克隆抗体腹水,用饱和硫酸铵法纯化腹水抗体;采用间接ELISA筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞以及测定单克隆抗体的特性、效价及其相对亲和力。结果显示,获得2株抗RA tD15蛋白的阳性杂交瘤细胞株,遂被命名为4#、16#,2株细胞株经反复冻存复苏,体外传代仍能稳定分泌抗体;4#单克隆抗体属于IgG1,κ链;16#单克隆抗体属于IgG2b,κ链;4#杂交瘤细胞培养上清的效价为1∶3 200,腹水效价为1∶12 800,16#杂交瘤细胞培养上清的效价为1∶6 400,腹水效价为1∶204 800;2株单克隆抗体均能够识别大小约为34ku的蛋白,说明这2株单克隆抗体是特异性识别tD15蛋白的抗体;这2株单克隆抗体能够与鸭疫里默氏杆菌全菌裂解蛋白发生特异性反应,而不与其他鸭源的病原体发生反应;测得它们的亲和常数分别为1.52×109 L/mol和1.00×1010 L/mol。结果表明,这2株单克隆抗体可能识别两种不同的抗原表位。     

克伦特罗单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

将克伦特罗(Clenbuterol)重氮化后与牛血清白蛋白偶联,免疫BALB/c小鼠,用杂交瘤技术获得1株稳定分泌抗克伦特罗单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株.该单克隆抗体为IgG1亚类,用间接ELISA测定细胞上清液抗体效价为11.6×106,腹水抗体效价为13.2×108.抗体与沙丁胺醇无交叉反应.该细胞株体外传代培养和冻存复苏后仍能稳定分泌抗体.     

鸡毒支原体丙酮酸脱氢酶E1β亚基单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

为制备鸡毒支原体丙酮酸脱氢酶E1β亚基(PDHB)的单克隆抗体,将鸡毒支原体Rlow株的pdhb基因进行克隆和原核表达。表达产物纯化后作为免疫原,按常规方法免疫BALB/c小鼠。取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,经过克隆和筛选,获得3株能稳定分泌抗鸡毒支原体PDHB抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别被命名为2D11、3B5和4D9。ELISA检测结果表明,3株杂交瘤细胞培养上清的抗体效价为1∶1 024~1∶2 048,小鼠腹水的抗体效价为1∶12 800~1∶25 600。单克隆抗体特异性试验显示,获得的腹水单克隆抗体均能与鸡毒支原体各菌株发生反应,而不与其他禽类病原发生反应。3株单克隆抗体的抗体亚型均为IgG1,轻链均为κ链。稳定性鉴定结果表明,获得的3株杂交瘤细胞均能稳定分泌单克隆抗体。鸡毒支原体PDHB单克隆抗体的成功制备,为研究丙酮酸脱氢酶的生物学功能和进一步建立检测方法奠定了基础。     

鹌鹑减蛋综合征病毒单克隆抗体的制备及生物学特性

以鹌鹑减蛋综合征QAV C94病毒为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,制备单克隆抗体并对其生物学特性进行鉴定。获得 5株分泌单克隆抗体的细胞株 (命名为H1、H3、H4、H6和H8)。这 5株杂交瘤细胞可长期稳定地分泌单克隆抗体 ,分泌的单克隆抗体为IgG2a亚类 ,具有高度的特异性 ,只特异地作用于鹌鹑减蛋综合征病毒 ;微量血凝抑制试验显示H4有血凝抑制活性 ,腹水效价为 1∶2 6 ;这 5株单克隆抗体都没有沉淀活性 ,也不与CELO抗原发生沉淀反应 ;它们的亲和力以H4最大 ,相对亲和力依次为H4 >H6 >H1 >H8>H3。     

高致病性猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒间接免疫荧光鉴别方法的建立

应用2株针对猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)GP5蛋白的单克隆抗体(McAb-A61,McAbC65)建立了对PRRSV美洲株、欧洲株和高致病性毒株进行鉴别的间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)方法,并与商品化的PRRSV RT-PCR鉴别试剂盒进行比较.结果显示,McAb-C65与PRRSV美洲株和高致病性PRRSV毒株均呈阳性反应;McAb-A61与PRRSV美洲株呈阳性反应,但不与高致病性PRRSV毒株发生反应;2株单抗都不与欧洲株反应;IFA与RT-PCR的符合率为100%.表明,建立的PRRS间接免疫荧光鉴别诊断方法可为临床高致痛性PRRS的确诊提供可靠的验证手段.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒重组N蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以纯化的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)重组N蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,通过间接ELISA法对融合细胞进行筛选,采用有限稀释法对阳性细胞进行4次亚克隆,获得了3株能稳定分泌N蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为JY(4)-1、JY(4)-2、JY(4)-3.分别采用体外培养法、诱导腹水法和实体瘤法制备单克隆抗体,并用间接ELISA法检测其效价,结果显示,这3株杂交瘤细胞的细胞培养上清、小鼠腹水和血清的单抗效价均分别为1:512、1:10~5、1:10~5,其中以诱导腹水法制备的单抗产量和效价最佳.间接免疫荧光试验结果显示,这3株单抗均能与TGEV感染的ST细胞产生特异性免疫荧光,而不与猪细小病毒、猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪轮状病毒等发生交叉反应;经鉴定,3株单抗的亚类均为IgG2a,这3株杂交瘤细胞具有良好的遗传稳定性.     

鸭疫里氏杆菌脂多糖单克隆抗体的制备

将鸭疫里氏杆菌CH3株作为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,细胞融合后将CH3株脂多糖(LPS)作为包被抗原,筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株。共获得2株稳定分泌鸭疫里氏杆菌CH3株LPS单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别将其命名为7H1和8A9。2株单克隆抗体均为IgG1亚类。腹水单克隆抗体ELISA效价分别为1∶12 800和1∶6 400。玻片凝集试验和悬浮荧光试验检测结果表明,2株单克隆抗体与血清1型菌株WJ4发生特异性反应,而与鸭疫里氏杆菌血清2型菌株NJ-3及血清10型菌株HXb2无反应性。Westernblot结果表明,2株单克隆抗体与LPS的反应条带位于LPS O抗原部分。本研究成功制备了稳定性好、特异性强的LPS单克隆抗体,可用于进一步研究鸭疫里氏杆菌LPS的结构和致病机制。     

猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与应用

利用纯化的猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤细胞技术,筛选获得3株能稳定分泌抗PCV2蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别被命名为3E5、3E6和5A6。经ELISA测定,它们的培养上清的效价分别为1∶12 800、1∶1 600和1∶6 400,腹水效价分别为1∶6 400 000、1∶640 000和1∶800 000;亚类鉴定结果显示,3株单克隆抗体为IgG2a亚类,轻链为κ型;Western-blot结果显示,3株单克隆抗体均能与PCV2Cap蛋白发生特异性反应;间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)结果显示,3株单克隆抗体均能与感染PCV2的PK-15细胞产生特异性荧光反应;病毒中和试验显示,3E5和3E6具有中和活性。利用单克隆抗体3E5建立了检测PCV2抗原的夹心ELISA;它可被用于检测经β-丙内酯灭活的PCV2和杆状病毒表达系统表达的PCV2Cap蛋白。上述研究成果为PCV2感染的诊断和PCV2蛋白功能的研究提供了重要工具和手段。     

抗水貂肠炎病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其生物学特性鉴定

将水貂肠炎病毒SMPV-11株纯化后免疫4～6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经亚克隆和间接ELISA筛选,获得了8株稳定分泌抗水貂肠炎病毒SMPV-11株单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为D3、H5、F5、F4、A9、B7、H11和H8.经过鉴定:其腹水ELISA效价分别在1:6.4×103和1:2.56×104之间;且与犬瘟热病毒、阿留申病病毒、犬腺病毒不发生交叉反应;而与水貂肠炎病毒、犬细小病毒和猫泛白细胞减少症病毒呈特异性反应;这8株单克隆抗体均为IgG类型.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白D位点单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

通过大肠杆菌表达了猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)S蛋白的D位点,并以D位点的六聚体作为抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫后小鼠脾细胞和骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合,经间接ELISA筛选和3次有限稀释法进行克隆。结果显示,得到3株能稳定分泌抗TGEV S蛋白D位点单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为2C104、5E1012和4B101,其中2C104和5E1012分泌抗体类型是IgM亚类,4B101为IgG1亚类。2C104、5E1012、4B101三株杂交瘤细胞培养上清液的间接ELISA抗体效价分别为1∶128、1∶128、1∶64,腹水效价分别为1∶103、1∶104、1∶4×103。间接免疫荧光鉴定结果表明,3株细胞均能和TGEV发生特异性反应,且在连续传代和冻存后仍能稳定分泌抗体。本研究针对S蛋白D位点制备了单克隆抗体,为传染性胃肠炎的诊断和TGEV与宿主互作机制的研究奠定了基础。     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

中巴关系的发展及其认识误区（英文）

China and Brazil established a strategic partnership in 1993. The bilateral ties have seen rapid development in almost all areas. However, there are eight myths surrounding the China-Brazil relations. These myths are the result of a lack of mutual understanding as well as the misconceptions result misconceptions of the western observers and media. These misunderstandings have of have jeopardized images of the China-Brazil relations and also hindered further development of their bilateral relationship.