基于工作搜寻理论的大学毕业生就业问题研究

本文通过对首都经济贸易大学2009年应届大学毕业生的问卷调查,分析了高校毕业生在就业过程中的工作搜寻途径、就业信息获取评价、就业歧视等问题,最后提出促进大学生就业的对策和建议。     

浅议高校毕业生党建工作开展的新思路

高校毕业生党建工作是高校各项工作的重要组成部分,做好毕业生的党建工作对于提高毕业生党员的综合素质、严肃高校党风建设、改进党建工作的不足具有不可或缺的作用。针对毕业生党建工作的特点和问题而提出一些新的思路,以利于高校毕业生党建工作取得更大成效。     

工资集体协商制度的价值、障碍及实现路径

工资集体协商是适应我国社会主义市场经济发展要求的，在企业工资分配方面实行的一种劳资共决机制。我国的工资集体协商工作仍处于起步阶段，工资集体合同覆盖职工数量仅占全国职工数量的17．8％，且在推行过程中还存在许多不容忽视的问题和缺陷。     

关于推进工资集体协商工作的若干思考

市场经济条件下,职工的工资报酬历来是劳动关系双方涉及物质利益的聚焦点,也是最容易触发劳动关系矛盾的导火索,更是劳动关系最实质的核心问题。建立工资集体协商制度,由企业工会代表职工与企业就职工的工资报酬进行协商谈判,是现代企业规范职工收入分配的重要内容, 是促进企业劳动关系和谐与稳定的一项十分重要的工作。为落实党的十六届五中全会精神,笔者对当前如何进一步推进工资集体协商工作,有以下粗浅的思考。     

非公企业工资集体协商工作的实践与思考

工资这个职工最关心最直接最现实的利益问题解决不好,维护职工的合法权益就无从谈起。杨浦区民营科技企业工会在杨浦创新转型的重要历史机遇期,牢记责任和使命,树立有所作为的思想,紧紧围绕中心,服务大局,坚持工会工作与园区企业发展同步跟进实施,实现了对区域内园区工会工作全覆盖,有力地推动了区域经济社会健康发展。     

区域性工资集体协商工作的困境与对策——基于上海市某区的个案分析

行业性和区域性工资集体协商在解决中小企业职工工资问题上有其优势,但在实际运行中还是遇到了不少困境。本文在对上海市某区部分地区开展区域性工资集体协商进行调研的基础上,总结了成功经验和不足,并据此为其他地区开展区域性工资集体协商提出了对策和建议。     

工人集体行动、工会主席直选与工资集体协商——以广东省为例

从系统论的观点分析工人集体行动对劳动关系系统的均衡和劳动关系主体产生的重大影响,其结果推动了工会民主化进程,使工资集体协商在一定程度上得以突破。得出以下结论:一,工人集体行动改变了劳动关系主体之间的互动关系和行动策略;二,上级工会主导并自上而下推动基层工会主席直选,企业少有内生性的民主要求,覆盖面有限;三,基层工会主席直选推动了工资集体协商机制的建立,对改善劳资关系、减少劳资冲突有明显作用。     

关于进一步加强天津市高校毕业生就业工作的建议

近年来,随着高校招生及毕业生人数的大幅增加,就业压力加大,尤其受到国际金融危机的影响,就业形势更趋严峻。中共天津市委、市政府对高校毕业生就业问题高度重视,制定了《天津市促进高校毕业生就业的意见》,并在＂保增长、渡难关、上水平＂     

工资的省际差异与平衡——一个基于效用均衡观点的分析

近几年来,公务员的工资在不断地上涨,而同时存在的事实是:各地公务员的工资收入存在着较大的差异,公务员的工资与其它行业的工资相比也存在着很大的差异。对于公务员工资是高是低的争论由来已久,那么,如何衡量公务员工资的高低?公务员工资调整的依据是什么?以Adams的公平理论和Niskanen的官员(Bureaucrats)效用模型为基础,结合修正的Mulligan,Sala-I-Martin人力资本投入模型,计算了全国各个省(自治区、直辖市)的均衡水平工资。结果表明:东部地区的均衡工资与实际水平偏离较小,而西部欠发达地区偏离较大。经过分析为公务员工资的调整提供了一个定量分析的参考依据。     

工资集体协商的阻力与动力探析——从经济人假设视角

工资集体协商是政府、企业、工会三方主体博弈的过程。三方都符合经济人假设,在工资集体协商过程中都会审时度势。工资集体协商碰到的阻力包括企业不愿放弃工资决定话语权、政府未能公正发挥作用以及工会未能真正履行代表职责;动力方面,企业的动力主要来自于现实压力,地方政府理念的转变有利于其积极作为,多重因素也促使工会寻求积极作为空间。     

Long‐Run Labor Market Effects of the Job Corps Program: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Experiment

Job Corps is the nation's largest and most comprehensive career technical training and education program for at‐risk youth ages 16 to 24. Using the sample from a large‐scale experiment of the program from the mid‐1990s, this article uses tax data through 2015 (20 years later) to examine long‐term labor market impacts. The study finds some long‐term beneficial effects for the older students, with employment gains of 4 percentage points, 40 percent reductions in disability benefit receipt, and 10 percent increases in tax filing rates in 2015. For these students, program benefits exceeded program costs from the social perspective. This study is the first to establish that a national program for disconnected youth can produce long‐term labor market gains, and can be a positive investment made for society. The results suggest that intensive, comprehensive services that focus on developing both cognitive and noncognitive skills are important for improving labor market prospects for this population.     

The economy,corruption, and the vote: Evidence from experiments in Sweden and Moldova

How does corruption affect voting behavior when economic conditions are poor? Using a novel experimental design and two original survey experiments, we offer four important conclusions. First, in a low corruption country (Sweden), voters react negatively to corruption regardless of the state of the economy. Second, in a high corruption country (Moldova), voters react negatively to corruption only when the state of the economy is also poor; when economic conditions are good, corruption is less important. Third, respondents in Sweden react more strongly to corruption stimuli than respondents in Moldova. Finally, in the low corruption country, sociotropic corruption voting (or voting based on corruption among political leaders) is relatively more important, whereas in our high corruption country, pocketbook corruption voting (or voting based on one's own personal experience with corruption, i.e., being asked to pay bribes) is equally prevalent. Our findings are consistent with multiple stable corruption equilibria, as well as with a world where voters are more responsive to corruption signals more common in their environment.     

The electoral connection in staggered parliaments: Evidence from Australia,France, Germany and Japan

This article explores whether differential time horizons in legislative chambers that result from staggered membership renewal affect legislative behaviour. The analysis focuses on patterns of bill initiation and the introduction of amendments in the upper chambers of Australia, France, Germany and Japan – all four of which contain two or more classes of members that face re‐election at different times. Drawing on original comparative data, clear evidence is found of over‐time variation in legislative activity levels in the upper chambers. Approaching elections lead to increased activity levels, with increases in the introduction of bills, but also, to a lesser extent, amending activity. Such variation is found not only for those members facing the most proximate election, but for all members of the chamber. Importantly, there are no significant differences in legislative behaviour between those members up for re‐election and those not facing the electorate in the most proximate election. These patterns are interpreted tentatively as evidence of the paramount importance of political parties in parliamentary systems.     

The Political Consequences of Self-Insurance: Evidence from Central-Eastern Europe,the Caucasus and Central Asia

Political Behavior - Does self-insurance, such as access to savings or assets, affect support for government? While existing research recognizes that households’ ability to privately manage...     

Regulatory Commitment to Negotiated Agreements: Evidence from the United States, Germany, The Netherlands, and France

Negotiated Agreements (NAs) are arrangements between firms and regulators in which firms voluntarily agree to reduce their pollution. This article analyzes the institutional features that facilitate or hamper the implementation of NAs. We illustrate the analysis with case studies on the implementation of NAs in the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, and France. We find that NAs are implemented when regulators are able to commit credibly to the objectives of NAs. Institutional environments marked by fragmentation of power and open access in policymaking reduce regulatory credibility and thus hamper the implementation of NAs.     

The psychological roots of populist voting: Evidence from the United States,the Netherlands and Germany

What are the psychological roots of support for populist parties or outfits such as the Tea Party, the Dutch Party for Freedom or Germany's Left Party? Populist parties have as a common denominator that they employ an anti‐establishment message, which they combine with some ‘host’ ideology. Building on the congruency model of political preference, it is to be expected that a voter's personality should match with the message and position of his or her party. This article theorises that a low score on the personality trait Agreeableness matches the anti‐establishment message and should predict voting for populist parties. Evidence is found for this hypothesis in the United States, the Netherlands and Germany. The relationship between low Agreeableness and voting for populist parties is robust, controlling for other personality traits, authoritarianism, sociodemographic characteristics and ideology. Thus, explanations of the success of populism should take personality traits into account.     

The Effect of Problem Severity,Managerial and Organizational Capacity,and Agency Structure on Intergovernmental Collaboration: Evidence from Local Emergency Management

Like most public managers nowadays, local emergency managers operate within complex, uncertain environments. Rapid changes in the scope and severity of the issues increase the extent of intergovernmental collaboration necessary to address such challenges. Using a large data set of county emergency management agency directors, variations in intergovernmental collaboration reflect influences from problem severity, managerial capacity, and structural factors. The results demonstrate that public managers who perceive problems as severe, possess specific managerial skills, lead high‐capacity organizations, and operate in less complex agency structures collaborate more often and more effectively across governmental boundaries.     

The relationship between political attitudes and political participation: Evidence from monozygotic twins in the United States,Sweden, Germany,and Denmark

Many studies have shown that political efficacy, interest in politics, and political knowledge are strongly related to political participation. In most analyses, these variables are described as having a causal effect on participation. In this paper, we examine the extent to which the relationship between political attitudes and participation is confounded by familial factors. By using the discordant twin design, which relates within-pair differences in political attitudes to within-pair differences in political participation, we are able to examine the relationship net of confounding factors rooted in genes and the early rearing environment. Using four samples of monozygotic twins from the United States, Sweden, Germany, and Denmark, we find that the relationship between political attitudes and political participation is confounded to a large extent. This study makes an important contribution to the literature on political attitudes and political participation given the longstanding idea that attitudes cause political participation. Our findings also have practical implications for those interested in elevating levels of political participation. In addition, they have important implications for how scholars theorize about, model, and examine political participation in the future.     

The Use of Statebuilding Research in Fragile Contexts: Evidence from British Policymaking in Afghanistan,Nepal and Sierra Leone

Statebuilding has risen to the forefront of international donor policies toward the security and development of fragile states, with governments now investing millions in statebuilding research every year. However, no serious study has examined the ways in which research influences policy in fragile states. Based on in-depth interviews with officials and researchers, this article begins to shed light on the central dynamics pertaining to research use in such contexts by exploring in some detail the experience of British in-country policymakers in three countries—Afghanistan, Nepal and Sierra Leone. The picture that emerges is a mixed one, with evidence of extensive use of different forms of research combined with worrying practices and lingering deficiencies in some key areas.     

Dynamics of governance,gross capital formation,and growth: Evidence from Brazil,Russia, India,China, and South Africa

This study investigates the impact of governance index and gross fixed capital formation on the economic growth of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) using annual data from 2002 to 2019. This study employs Fixed Effect Model, Driscoll and Kraay standard error with fixed effect, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square, Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) and Panel Dumitrescu Hurlin Causality test. The study has divided the variables into two models where model I includes the impact of governance index (jointly) on economic growth while model II examines the impact of governance index on economic growth individually. The findings demonstrate that the governance index, gross fixed capital formation, population, control of corruption, and governance effectiveness have a positive and significant impact on economic growth, whereas regulatory quality showed a significant and negative impact on economic growth. Furthermore, regarding the Panel test, we notice the presence of unidirectional causality among the constituent variables. Therefore, this study suggests that the government should encourage economic development in the BRICS countries and move away from outdated ideas and poor institutional quality in favor of a new comprehensive reform to achieve excellent governance, population growth control, labor law changes, and corruption control.