贫困大学生自尊与学习倦怠的关系

采用问卷法,对921名贫困大学生的自尊、学习倦怠现状进行调查。结果表明:自尊与学习倦怠呈显著负相关(P≤0.001);自尊对学习倦怠解释率达到16.1%,具有显著的负向预测作用。根据研究结果,从学校教育层面提出了增进贫困生自尊的三点建议,以期对缓解贫困生学习倦怠有一定的帮助。     

贫困大学生走出心理困境的途径探析

在贫困生成才的过程中,心理健康的自我维护起着至关重要的作用.正视困难、树立正确的贫困观,增强自信心,培养健康人格,树立自尊、自主、自强的主体意识,合理调整情绪,建立和谐的人际关系,是贫困生走出心理困境的根本出路.     

贫困大学生人格与应对方式的关系研究

为探讨贫困大学生人格与应对方式的关系,采用艾森克人格量表、应对方式量表对安庆师范学院86名非贫困大学生和51名贫困大学生进行测查。结果发现,第一,贫困生人格特征中的P(讲求实际、倔强)、N(内外向)得分显著地低于非贫困生;应对方式的各维度中,贫困生在解决问题和合理化因子上的得分显著地低于非贫困生,而在自责和退避因子上的得分显著高于非贫困生。第二,贫困大学生的应对方式和人格特征的相关分析结果表明,问题解决、求助与内外向有显著的正相关,与精神质有显著的负相关;合理化与情绪稳定性有显著的正相关。第三,回归分析的结果揭示了关于人格特征和应对方式的回归模型的方程。     

贫困大学生社会责任感发展特点研究

通过自编的《大学生社会责任感现状调查问卷》对样本量贫困大学生进行调查。研究发现:贫困大学生社会责任感各维度的平均分由家庭责任感、生活责任感、学习责任感、集体责任感、政治责任感依次降低;对于总的社会责任感而言,贫困生的生源地差异不显著;社会责任感总分及其各维度与性别、年级、成绩排名等存在显著差异。     

贫困大学生来源初探

贫困大学生是高校大学生中的弱势群体,是高校乃至党和国家高度关注的重点对象。针对贫困大学生的主要来源进行分析,有利于更加深入了解这个群体的特征,从而为从事贫困生工作者开展各项工作提供初步的理论参考,最终解决贫困大学生问题。贫困大学生来源主要是西部欠发达地区;农村地区;父母离异家庭;下岗失业家庭;低保家庭;天灾人祸六个方面。     

社会工作理论视域下促进贫困大学生就业措施探索

高校贫困生根据贫困程度,一般分为一般困难、困难、特殊困难三种类型,由于家庭经济困难,难以支付教育和生活费用。受家庭经济因素和就业严峻形势的影响,他们是就业中的弱势群体,社会工作作为一种助人助困的工作,它的理论和方法在解决贫困生就业问题上有很多值得借鉴的地方,如个案工作法、小组工作、效果评估等。同时,社会角色观念作为社会工作理论之一,能很好地连接学校、家庭和社会等要素,整合这些资源是促进贫困生就业的良好渠道。     

民办高校培育贫困生幸福感的策略

幸福感是个体对生活的评价和体验,是对生命的理解和感悟,是对人生价值的自我肯定,能够影响大学生毕生的发展。贫困生是民办高校的特殊群体,现实中许多贫困生在理想和现实的矛盾中心理上出现了巨大的落差,感受不到大学生生活的幸福。要使贫困生从思想上解困,使贫困生与他人站在同一起跑线上,民办高校必须在资助工作中紧密联系贫困生的实际,以培育贫困生的幸福感为起点和落脚点,关心贫困生的学习、生活,使之能够享受到大学生活的美好和幸福,只有这样才能真正提高资助工作的有效性,促进学校各项事业的发展。     

高职贫困生主观幸福感与社会支持的调查研究

采用主观幸福感量表(GWB)、社会支持量表,调查了学院的330名大学生,对高职学生主观幸福感和社会支持进行了深入研究。结果表明,贫困生主观幸福感与社会支持水平低于非贫困生;贫困学生主观幸福感与社会支持存在显著相关,女生主观幸福感与社会支持水平高于男生。     

首都艺术院校贫困生“心理贫困”问题研究述评

随着高等教育的大众化,高校贫困生人数也不断增加,该群体已经成为社会关注的一个弱势群体。而在艺术院校,由于高昂的学费,贫困生不仅面临着一般贫困学生的普遍性问题,而且还面临着其自身特殊性所带来的其他贫困问题。为了更好地关注艺术院校贫困生,有必要对"心理贫困"理论进行梳理,从艺术院校贫困生"心理贫困"研究兴起的背景、有关争论、研究特点、方法、解困对策等方面加以述评。     

论高校贫困生心理困境及解决对策

贫困大学生已成为我国高校中一个需要特别关爱的群体,我们在关注他们经济困难的同时,更要重视他们的心理健康问题。导致他们心里困境的原因很多,解决对策是:建立多渠道的扶助机制;强化人性教育,帮助贫困生建立起自信、自强、自尊的意识;加强贫困生的自助教育;加强校园文化教育。     

Credible Empowerment and Deliberative Participation: A Comparative Study of Two Nuclear Energy Policy Deliberation Cases in Korea

What factors make deliberative participation of public policy effective? Why, in some cases, are participants in deliberation more motivated than others, and reach their final judgment in a timely manner, based on systematic processes of opinion gathering and consensus building? By comparing and investigating two recent cases of public participation in energy policy deliberation in Korea, we argue that deliberative participation is more effective when the prospect that the outcome of their activities might be accepted by decision makers is high. The two cases, the public deliberation committee (PDC) on the nuclear waste issue which operated from 2013 to 2015, and the PDC on the nuclear power plant construction issue which operated in 2017, show that they went through similar courses of action, and used similar methods for deliberation. However, while the 2017 PDC has produced clear‐cut policy recommendations, and the government have accepted these, the 2013 PDC failed to reach conclusions on the given critical issues. We argue that the difference in the results is caused by credible empowerment along with two other factors––the sensitivity of issues and the learning effect. Participants of deliberation tend to judge the possibility of the government’s acceptance of their opinions based on either the government’s direct announcement or its inclusiveness in the past policy history. If governments are willing to consult the public to increase legitimacy and transparency, they should send explicit signals to the public on its inclusiveness in the short term, and also should increase credibility in the long term.     

论密尔对功利主义的证明

密尔对功利主义的证明可以分以下几个步骤：首先他探讨伦理学和科学的区分，说明功利主义不可能有科学的证明；其次他探讨伦理学方法，对直觉主义伦理学和归纳主义伦理学进行分析，说明功利主义在什么意义上是可以证明的；再次，对功利主义予以证明。他首先假设人的认知机能和意欲机能是可以统一起来的，然后再从三个方面进行证明：(1)从“可见的到可欲求的”证明；(2)从个人幸福到公共幸福的证明；(3)只有幸福是值得欲求的，其他一切或是幸福的组成部分，或是达到幸福的手段。最后，对最大多数人的最大幸福予以证明。     

Aristotle's Introduction to the Problem of Happiness: On Book I of the Nicomachean Ethics

The study of Book I of the Nicomachean Ethics is useful today in part because it deals with a question—the nature of human happiness—whose relevance is obvious. But in dealing with that question, Book I compels us to raise difficulties for ourselves that, far from being obvious, are in danger of being forgotten. Chief among these difficulties are, first, the true character of our hope for happiness and, ultimately, the necessity of there being a kind of divine providence if that hope is to be realized. Inasmuch as we still long for happiness, we must still undergo the pull of that necessity, however distant it may appear to us to be. In bringing out our deepest concern in this way, the study of the first book of the Ethics also prepares us to become serious students of Aristotle's "philosophy of human matters" as a whole, which is concerned with the reality of providence because it is concerned with the possibility of philosophy as a way of life.     

城镇化过程中农民家庭离散及治理研究——一个村庄的微观透视

家庭是社会的基石,农民家庭的稳定与幸福对于城镇化发展具有举足轻重的作用。改革开放40多年来,城镇化给城乡人民生活带来了巨大变化,也带来了新的挑战和困难。乡城流动过程中农民家庭发生异化,家庭成员或留或流,家庭处于离散状态。家庭离散虽然始于家庭,但要解决家庭离散问题,必须从制度入手,通过改变制度环境、实施制度关怀、实现多元合作治理,结束农民家庭的异态生存方式,给予其自由的迁移权。这不仅有利于实现农民家庭的体面劳动和幸福生活,而且也能为实现未来经济社会持续、稳定发展提供有力保障。     

收入、健康与医疗保险对老年人幸福感的影响

本文使用中国9个省、2200名55岁以上老年人的微观调查数据,主要检验了收入水平、健康状况与医疗保险对主观幸福感的影响。Ordered Logit回归分析结果表明：收入增加能够显著提高城镇老年人的主观幸福感,收入差距的影响不显著;对农村老年人而言,收入的作用不明显,而收入差距则有显著的负向影响。心理健康和城乡老年人幸福感呈高度的正相关,记忆力、日常生活自理能力等身体健康因素也具有显著的正向影响。公费医疗显著提高农村老年人的幸福感,城镇职工医疗保险和合作医疗分别对城镇和农村老年人幸福感具有积极的作用。总体上,城镇老年人的主观幸福感高于农村,东部老年人幸福感高于中部,中部高于西部。因此,增加老年人的收入水平,完善老年人医疗保险制度,并逐步协调城乡和地区经济发展,有助于从整体上提高老年人的幸福感。     

Social Esteem and Participation in Contentious Politics: A Field Experiment at an LGBT Pride Rally

What motivates individuals to participate in contentious, political forms of collective action? In this article, I consider the possibility that the promise of social esteem from an ingroup can act as a powerful selective incentive for individuals to participate in contentious politics. I conducted a field experiment—the first to my knowledge to take place in the context of a political march, rally, or social‐identity event—to isolate this esteem mechanism from others. Using measures of intent to attend, actual attendance, and reported attendance at a gay and lesbian pride event in New Jersey, I find evidence that the promise of social esteem boosts all three measures of participation. The article offers new theoretical and practical implications for the study of participation in nonvoting forms of collective action.     

高校旅游管理专业的实习教学探讨

随着我国旅游教育事业的快速发展,旅游管理本科层次的在校生迅速增加,如何确保旅游管理专业本科生的实习质量,提高实习效果,已成为影响旅游管理专业本科生综合素质的主要因素之一。从社会、学校、旅游相关行业和学生自身四个方面系统地分析了制约旅游管理本科生实习效果的原因,并对如何提高旅游专业本科生实习效果的途径进行了有益探讨。     

经济价值观优化：大学生廉洁素质培养的有效路径

大学时代是青年世界观、人生观形成的关键时期。加强大学生廉洁素质的培养，促进其廉洁观念的形成，将预防腐败工作前移，已成为全世界共同关注的话题。作为价值观系统中的两个组成部分，廉洁价值观和经济价值观密不可分，相生共长。大学生经济价值观中蕴含对财富、公平、诚信、择业等问题的观点和看法会直接影响其廉洁价值观的形成。通过弘扬主流文化价值、丰富社会实践活动、开展分层次渐进教育，优化当代大学生的经济价值观，是培养大学生廉洁素质的有效路径。     

OVERVIEW AND CRITIQUE OF REVITALIZATION ISSUE

Symptoms of stagnation and decline exhibited by the U.S. economy in the 1970s have created extensive concern for our economic health. Before undertaking extensive and perhaps radical treatment, it is important at this juncture to define the problem as carefully as possible and to diagnose the cause as objectively as theory and data permit. This study examines the symptoms of economic trauma, ostensible causes, and apparent linkages and concludes that much of the "devitalization" of the 1970s was due to unique economic shocks on the supply-side of the economy which reflected considerable cost and precipitated extensive structural change. Some of the losses of the 1970s appear to be temporary while others are probably permanent. The most painful, costly, and chronic result of the structural shifts may be the extensive regional dislocation and subsequent loss of public and private investment and place-bound. If so, public policy would probably be helped by explicit recognition of the spatial problems that accompany structural change.     

Government spending and happiness of the population: additional evidence from large cross-country samples

This study uses large cross-country samples and several measures of happiness, income, and government spending to revisit the relation between government spending and the population’s happiness. The main finding is that increased government spending does not lower happiness in broad cross-country contexts. Much caution is, therefore, urged in interpreting the negative association between government spending and happiness reported in some earlier studies and the suggested policy implications. Three additional points are noted. First, the weight of the evidence suggests a significant positive association between income and happiness. Second, estimates based on income and government-share data from Penn World Table and the new International Comparison Program show similar patterns. Third, the parameter for generalized trust seems fragile.