船舶扣押后的船舶留置权

船舶留置权是担保造船人、修船人债权的船舶担保物权,船舶扣押是法院为保障海事请求人的海事请求而采取的保全措施。当法院扣押修理中的船舶,船舶留置权与船舶扣押就会发生冲突,因为关于留置权人在船舶扣押前没有行使船舶留置权而在船舶扣押后是否仍享有该留置权的问题,法律没有规定。主要从占有和优先受偿两个方面分析船舶在扣押后继续停留在修船厂时留置权人的权利,并对船舶在扣押后离开修船厂的弊端及避免纠纷的措施进行探讨,指出船舶扣押前留置权人未行使船舶留置权的,船舶扣押后留置权人对船舶丧失了占有,但其相关债权对船舶价款仍享有优先受偿权,而且船舶在扣押后不应离开留置权人的修船厂,除非扣船请求人提供担保。     

Death following spontaneous recovery from cardiopulmonary arrest in a hospital mortuary: 'Lazarus phenomenon' in a case of alleged medical negligence

We report a possibly first forensic autopsy case of death following a spontaneous recovery from cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) after clinical declaration of death: 'Lazarus phenomenon'. A 65-year-old male with congenital deafness and dumbness was found unconscious in his room at a public home. During pre-hospital and clinical resuscitation including defibrillation and medications for about 35 min, CPA persisted under electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring and therefore, his death was pronounced. However, about 20 min later, a police officer who had been called for the postmortem investigation found the patient moving in the mortuary. The patient subsequently showed typical ECG signs and laboratory findings of early inferior wall myocardial infarction and died 4 days later. The forensic autopsy, due to alleged medical negligence, revealed myocardial infarction with thrombotic occlusion of the right coronary artery and secondary hypoxic brain damage. The present case and the related clinical literature suggest that, especially in cases of acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients, a careful observation to confirm death after discontinuation of resuscitation is recommended to provide appropriate medical care, irrespective of the quality or duration of advanced life supporting efforts.     

论请求权竞合时诉的客观合并之形态

为缓解“案多人少”矛盾,很有必要以妥当处理请求权竞合纠纷为切入点,拓展诉的客观合并制度的研究。与我国《民法典》第186条规范目的相符合的是请求权自由竞合说与择一实现说。依据实体法的规定、学说及我国诉讼标的理论、诉讼制度,诉讼实务中可能出现规模化的后续诉讼。诉的客观合并具有现实必要性和理论上的应然性。随着请求权竞合现象增多,为了充分保障当事人权利、一次性解决纠纷,应尽快确立完整的诉的客观合并制度。就诉的客观合并的具体形态而言,不宜以客观预备合并应对请求权观念竞合现象。请求权观念竞合时采竞合合并较为适宜。请求权现实竞合时可允许选择合并与客观预备合并。     

司法精神病学鉴定后的处理情况调查

目的 为了维护社会安全和依法保障精神病人的合法权益，需要正确处理精神病违法者。实际上，人们对司法精神病学鉴定后的处理情况知之甚少。因此，进行此项调查研究。方法 采用邮寄调查问卷的方式对四川省５２个县市的１８３例精神病违法者进行调查。结果 在处置精神病违法者的机关中，公安局占７３．０８％，法院占２６．７２％。有责任能力组中有２．２２％被无罪释放；无责任能力组中有２．１０％被判邢；部分责任能力组中有１     

司法精神病学鉴定后的处理情况调查

目的为了维护社会安全和依法保障精神病人的合法权益，需要正确处理精神病违法者。实际上，人们对司法精神病学鉴定后的处理情况知之甚少。因此，进行此项调查研究。方法采用邮寄调查问卷的方式对四川省52个县市的183例精神病违法者进行调查。结果在处置精神病违法者的机关中，公安局占73．08％，法院占26．72％。有责任能力组中有2．22％被无罪释放；无责任能力组中有2．10％被判刑；部分责任能力组中有13．95％被无罪释放。结论公安局是处理精神病违法者的主要机构。存在不适当处置情况，尤其对部分责任能力者的处理更复杂、更困难。     

道路交通事故所致精神损害的法医学评价

目的研究RTA所致PTSD的相关法医学问题,为司法实践中精神损害赔偿提供科学依据和司法建议。方法对156例因RTA申请伤残程度鉴定的被鉴定人,通过临床精神病学检查确定PTSD的诊断,法医临床学检查评定躯体损伤的伤残程度,并通过问卷调查进一步确定受害人的心理社会状态。结果156例被调查对象PTSD发生率为51.92%。男女PTSD的发生率具有统计学的显著性差异;随着伤残程度的严重性增加,发生PTSD的可能性也随着增加;PTSD组与非PTSD组在生活质量总均分和生理、心理、社会关系、环境四个维度以及焦虑、抑郁的各项得分中都有显著性差异;获得赔偿将明显降低PTSD的发生率。结论RTA作为创伤性事件,申请赔偿的RTA受害人存在较高的PTSD发生率,获得良好的赔偿可以明显地降低申请赔偿的RTA受害人PTSD的发生率。     

请求权竞合论:以诉之选择性合并为归宿

请求权竞合问题由来已久,产生于actio体制的分离过程中。为了解决这个问题,民法表现为两种态度,一者为直面之,并寻求规范适用上的先后;一者则径直加以否认,视之为基础或规范竞合。相反,在民事诉讼领域中,围绕此问题引发了旷日持久的诉讼标的论争,最后以德国采用二分肢说,日本采用一分肢说加以解决。我国实体法径直要求当事人起诉时作出选择的方法弊端丛生,诉的选择性合并理论可以提供一种最优的解决方案。     

精神病院内伤害事件的法律探讨

某地精神病院发生这样一起事件:某青年男性患者,因兴奋、冲动、自伤及伤人一周,由家属送入医院诊治.在住院治疗期间,患者乘上厕所之机,突然以头猛撞水龙头,工作人员及时发现并制止,其后迅速转至综合医院急诊,诊断为"头颅外伤、颅骨骨折",经抢救后脱险.     

The demographic and psychiatric characteristics of 110 personal injury litigants.

One hundred ten litigants who were suing for emotional damages were assessed by the author for medical-legal reasons. Most of the plaintiffs were involved in motor vehicle accidents and suffered from "whiplash" injuries. Semi-structured interviews were used to reach criteria based on DSM-III-R diagnoses. Requests for consultation, on average, came 25 months after the patient's accident. Approximately 70 percent of patients had evidence for continuing physical injuries to account for the physical and emotional symptoms. The most common DSM-III-R diagnoses were psychiatric condition affecting physical illness (N = 56), major depression (N = 27), and somatoform disorder (N = 12). Alternative diagnoses relating the effect of the accident on the patient's life included: emotional reaction to physical condition (N = 29), difficulty coping with developmental tasks (N = 20), severe depression (N = 20), aggravation of normal premorbid personality (N = 18), aggravation of abnormal premorbid personality (N = 14), phobia (N = 7), no permanent effect (N = 12), and independent illness (N = 2). Severe emotional problems and disability are common among litigants. The causes of their suffering are more complex and less poorly understood than is assumed from the pejorative labels that are sometimes applied. Lawyers and the courts need the help of psychiatrists to understand this suffering. Empirical data such as these may lead to better classification systems and improve our understanding and treatment of these patients.     

The Aftermath of the Macondo Discovery Well Spill: The Interplay of Claims to the Gulf Coast Claims Facility and Insurance Claims

The processing of claims for compensation arising from the April 20, 2010, explosion of the Deepwater Horizon offshore oil rig and its environmental and economic aftermath has proceeded simultaneously before the Gulf Coast Claims Facility and insurers. The criteria for recovery between these two recipients of claims differ significantly. Compensation from the facility has included claims for purely economic injury, whereas compensation from insurance generally requires, inter alia, a closer geographic or causal nexus to property damage. The resolution of compensation issues both by the facility and insurers will impact whether further disputes arise in the courts. Based upon similar experiences from September 11 and Hurricane Katrina, these issues are likely to continue for several years before they are fully resolved.     

Ultrastructural differences of fibrin coagulation before and after cardiovascular arrest

The reconstruction of killing offences often requires the differentiation between vital and postmortal blood traces at the sites of action and finding. Earlier investigations seemed to imply the possibility of such a differentiation depending on the different clot structure. We therefore examined clots prior and after 10 minutes of complete occlusion of the upper extremity morphologically and morphometrically with the REM. The morphologic comparison of these clots revealed narrow, round shaped fibrin fiber networks for clots of native blood, whereas clots after occlusion showed linear, rarely connected long fibrin fibers. The morphometry of the fibrin free spaces revealed a significant enlargement of the single fibrin free spaces as well as of the total fibrin free space after occlusion. For capillary blood a significant decrease in fiber diameter was observed after occlusion. The examination of clinical clotting parameters revealed alterations of thrombocyte aggregation for the collagen induction, a slightly reduced thrombocyte retention and slightly steeper flanks in the thromboelastogram after occlusion. The reason for these changes was interpreted as lack of high energetic phosphates in the retraction process as the clotting cascade itself requires a very high amount of these phosphates. Use of these results in the forensic practice will have to take factors as temperature, drying out, surface-structure and many others into account.     

Identification of atractyloside by LC-ESI-MS in alleged herbal poisonings

An LC-MS screening method was developed to detect the presence of atractyloside (ATR), the toxic principle of a commonly used medicinal plant in South Africa, Callilepis laureola, in biological matrices such as body fluids and human viscera.     

In Hot Pursuit of NRD Claims

Federal- and state-designated entities' ability to pursue claims for damages to the nation's natural resources have long existed under statutory and common law but, until recently, were placed on the back burner.

Pursuit of Natural Resource Damage (NRD) claims by federal and certain state governments have drastically increased. New Jersey and New Mexico have been among the most aggressive. Issues surrounding NRD claims such as allocation of liability, calculation of damages using formulas and technical factors, and causation are the focus of litigation. New Jersey's groundwater initiative and New Mexico's program are being watched closely to determine future success of NRD claims.     

论小额诉讼程序的独立性

我国新修改的《民事诉讼法》将小额诉讼程序作为简易程序的一个组成部分进行了规定.小额诉讼程序的独立性具有现实基础、法理依据和程序功能,各国对小额诉讼程序进行了区别于简易程序的立法规范.我国《民事诉讼法》应采用在“第二编审判程序”中专章规定的立法模式建构小额诉讼程序规则,以实现案件真正的繁简分漉,实现小额诉讼的低成本和高效率,进而满足民事司法大众化的时代需求.     

评承运人的请求权时效

本文论述了现行法律下如何运用承运人的请求权时效 ,探讨了司法实践中存在的一些问题 ,提出了修改海商法第 2 5 7条规定的有益建议。