Neo-liberalism and polycontextuality: banking crisis and re-regulation in Sweden

This article gives an account of the interpretative conflicts and re-regulative initiatives that followed the Swedish banking crisis in the 1990s. The analysis is based on systems theory and theories of governance conceptualizing steering and self-regulation. It shows the polycontextuality of the conflicts over the crisis, and how the re-regulation articulated central aspects of neo-liberal government, as conceptualized in terms of governance. The conclusion discusses two paradoxes. The first is that the enforced self-regulation of the re-regulative process 'frees' market actors by embedding them in new webs of governance. The second paradox is that every solution to a problematic event of this kind is at the same time seen as a new problem when observed with distinctions other than the one reduced by the solution.     

论基层政权的“嵌入式治理”——基于鲁中东村的实地调研

本文以鲁中东村为例,分析了乡村治理中国家权力的见缝插针、国家政策地方规约化以及地方对国家力量援引的运作规则与机制,将国家权力嵌入在村庄的社会结构、关系与规范之中,即基层政权的嵌入式治理。它既加强了国家在农村中的权力,同时也维持与强化了地方性结构与规范,实现国家与乡村社会、国家与农民的有效对接,最终实现国家政策的有效执行和地方秩序的稳定。随着国家能力与乡村社会性质发生双重的转变,当前基层政权的治理机制需要从消极的简约治理、单向度的制度建设中转入积极的嵌入式治理。尤其可以借国家政权从汲取型向输入型的转变契机,将农民对国家的认同进一步提升为国家的治理能力,最终实现基层社会的善治。     

治理类型的多样性演化与比较——求索国家治理逻辑

作为学术讨论和实践理念中的时髦词汇,治理是广大研究者关注焦点,而在此过程中其基本内涵却变得愈加模糊,这构成研究进一步深化的潜在障碍。本文基于对实践中差异明显的治理类型的理论推演和比较,避免陷入不同知识背景和研究视角下概念界定的纷争,借力类型学分析作为理论探索的切入点进而呈现治理的学术脉络及治理知识的内在秩序。展现善治、全球治理、多层次治理、互动治理、元治理与智性治理等主要治理类型的形成传播过程、理论假设、实践特点与现实影响,并通过分析各类型所隐现的治理失灵,从而客观认识治理的适应性局限,指出每一种治理类型不意味着要对其他治理模式的吞噬,其本质和共性均在包容共存的态势下求索国家治理能力和效能提升的路径,并在此基础上为定位中国国家治理战略选择的着力点提供理论依据,最后通过政治学所具有的解释的、反思的特征对各国差异化治理模式的未来研究图景做出展望。     

跨域危机整体性治理中的组织协调问题研究——基于组织间网络视角

跨域性特征对现代社会危机治理提出了更为严峻的挑战,是世界范围内应急管理领域所面临的重要问题。本文结合现代社会,尤其是中国转型期社会特点,对现代跨域危机内涵及其特点进行归纳,进而提出了跨域危机治理中存在的碎片化问题。在此基础上,结合具体案例对当前中国跨域危机治理问题进行分析,进而着重从信息、资源维度对其整体性治理问题进行阐释,认为不同组织在信息、资源整合中存在的问题是产生跨域危机治理碎片化问题的主要原因。因此,要实现跨域危机整体性治理,必须结合中国应急管理实际,以组织间网络视角从应急管理组织层面对碎片化环节成因进行分析。在前述分析基础上,本文认为跨域危机整体性治理实现的关键在于其治理网络中信息、资源整合问题,目前管理体制条块分割现实以及由此产生的专业部门隶属不同、管理层级复杂、多头指挥而产生的协调困难是中国式碎片化问题的根本原因。最终,本文构建了跨域危机治理网络分析模型,并对碎片化环节识别、整理以及跨域危机整体性治理实现对策等问题进行了探讨。     

党的领导与中国式善治

我国的国家治理现代化本质是实现中国式善治,根本在于实现人民的主体性,充分保障人民当家作主,充分发挥人民的主动性、积极性、创造性。先锋政党、有为政府、共益市场、有机社会这四个要素,共同保障人民主体性的实现。先锋性政党的领导,是中国善治的关键与根本优势,使得我国善治体系是有为政府而非有限政府,是人民为中心的市场经济而不是资本为中心的市场经济,是有机社会而非市民社会。     

混合型监管：政策工具视野下的中国药品安全监管

在当代中国,社会性监管正在被越来越多地运用到公共卫生、生产安全和环境保护等公共治理过程.以药品安全监管为个案,结合西方社会性监管的有关理论,从建章立制、设立标准、建立奖惩机制以及优化执行系统四个政策工具角度,对当代中国药品安全监管的政策过程进行分析,结果表明,由于受到社会治理模式转型的影响,中国药品安全监管模式可以被界定为"混合型监管".一方面,中国的药品安全监管政策在形式上已经具有了一些现代监管型政府的特点,例如建章立制、设立标准,并综合运用经济、法律和行政等手段;另一方面,却在许多方面仍然带有许多前监管型政府特征,而这些特征大都是计划经济时代的产物.虽然监管型政府正在逐渐取代全能型政府而成为未来中国政府可能的治理模式,但是从政策分析的角度来看,监管型政府的建设在中国并不是一蹴而就的.建设一个高效的现代监管型政府,仍然是市场经济时代下中国国家政权建设过程中的重要目标.     

Discourse Ethics and the Problem of Nature

Abstract

In what sense could discourse ethics be linked with normative problems raised by the ecological crisis? Even if Apel and Habermas have not really addressed this question extensively, and even if their position in moral philosophy seems to develop and reinforce a neo-Kantian anthropocentric point of view, one can find in their works some evidence for the possibility of connecting a dialogical view with an ecological one. In order to defend the philosophical interest in highlighting this possibility, this essay analyses Habermas' position concerning the moral and ontological status of animality in particular, and attempts to situate this position within the history of Critical Theory.     

转轨国家中的政府俘获问题研究

在简要介绍世界银行组织专家关于转轨国家中的政府俘获问题研究过程和结论的基础上,对高掠夺国家的特征、俘获者企业的特点、以及政府俘获给这些国家带来的危害做了归纳和总结;构建了转轨国家由低掠夺国家转化为高掠夺国家的政府俘获模型;分析了转轨国家中的政府俘获问题研究的理论价值和现实意义。     

Introduction to session 2: Magnitude of the crisis: The fiscal and human costs

Abstract

Many are looking to California and its state housing law for advice on how to deal with the affordability challenges affecting many metropolitan areas throughout the nation. It is thus critically important to go beyond the laws themselves and examine how state and municipal governance structure affects affordability, supply, and production. Some states give broad freedom to localities to develop policies that can potentially meet a range of goals and objectives. Others directly undermine those efforts by limiting local ability to pursue policy reforms while simultaneously failing to engage on the state level.

The redefinition of federalism on the national level, coupled with continued resistance to growth from some localities, establishes the state as at least an equal partner in dealing with housing supply and affordability issues. Understanding these distinctions is important, and the housing community needs to take them into account as it moves on the state front.     

国家治理体系现代化的制度样本——评析《重大行政决策程序暂行条例》

《重大行政决策程序暂行条例》是新时代推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的制度样本。它统筹协调处理行政决策所涉及的多种关系,以形成良法善治的制度合力。理论上,它对行政决策范围的界定、重大行政决策的判断标准、公众参与的模式、合法性审查的模式、行政决策的终身责任追究等方面进行了回应或取舍。制度上,它对适用主体、重大决策事项划定方式、创新和拓展公众参与渠道、专家库和专家信用体系建设等问题进行了回应与设计。     

Leadership,regime security,and China's policy toward Taiwan: prospect theory and Taiwan crises

Abstract

Traditional analyses of Taiwan crises have relied mainly on deterrence theory for their explanatory power. This approach fails to account for China's risk-taking behavior, which can be explained by prospect theory. We suggest that Chinese leaders are more likely to use more risky military coercion against Taiwan's pro-independence movements within a domain of losses, i.e., when their regime faces serious domestic and international challenges to its security. Conversely, Chinese leaders are more likely to employ less risky political pressure to oppose Taiwan's pro-independence forces if their decision making takes place in a domain of gains, i.e., when the security of China's regime is not challenged. We conclude that maintaining a good US–China relationship is the best strategy for the United States to help prevent military crises in the Taiwan Strait.     

中国社会保障法律体系的构想

分析了中国社会保障体系的立法背景,根据法律体系构建原理描述了中国社会保障的法律体系结构,指出我国社会保障体系应由政策优先向法律优先转移。从概念研究入手,立足于国际经验比较分析,根据中国宪法原则,提出了关于中国保障法律体系内容和结构的初步设想。     

读《20年危机(1919—1939)国际关系研究导论》——思和谐世界观

理想主义和现实主义作为国际政治理论中两大学派观点迥异,争论不休。本文首先考查了国际政治理论争论中的一个基本问题:理想与现实的矛盾。以此为基础,阐述了和谐世界观超越西方国际政治理论的特质。最后,概括出本文的结论:和谐世界观不仅调和了国际政治理论的冲突,而且超越了理想主义与现实主义的狭隘,为解决国际争端与冲突,维护国际和平提供了可能。     

Regulation by litigation

We believe that careful application of the logic of economics and public choice shines important light on regulation through litigation and can explain at least partly why regulators choose the litigation route, when they choose it, and how the choice may or may not achieve broad goals of efficiency and fairness. We present three case studies: heavy‐duty diesel engines, silica and asbestos, and the tobacco industry's Master Settlement Agreement (MSA).     

The bitter end: apocalypse and conspiracy in white nationalist responses to the Islamic State attacks in Paris

Wilson's article examines how apocalyptic thinking converges with the use of conspiracy theory in white nationalist world-views at a time of crisis. Apocalyptic thinking is, typically, a religious response to secular threats to the faith community that prophesize, or are attendant on, the End. These millenarian outlooks provide communities in crisis a promise of confirmation of the object of their faith, the vanquishing of enemies and, crucially, continuity for the community in a better world to come. In the latter half of the twentieth century and the early years of the twenty-first, apocalypticism and conspiracy theory have tended to coincide. The tendency towards a binary distinction between terms of absolute good and absolute evil, and the revelation of secrets relating to human destiny through prophesy or ‘truth-seeking’ provide a broad transposability between the two interpretative strategies. An increasing amalgamation of political paranoia and eschatology have given rise to what has been termed ‘conspirituality’. Much recent white nationalist rhetoric can be understood as emerging from this discursive position, and Wilson's analysis will demonstrate how one white nationalist community drew on conspiratorial apocalypticism in its response to the multiple attacks by Islamic State in Paris on 13–14 November 2015.