The Big (Data) Bang: Policy,Prospects, and Challenges

Big data is increasingly the cornerstone on which policy making is based. However, with potential benefits and applications come challenges and dilemmas. In this set of symposium articles, authors examine the promise and problems of big data, exploring associated prospects, risks, parameters, and payoffs from a variety of perspectives. The articles address myriad challenges in the handling of big data sets, such as collection, validation, integrity, and security; ontological issues attending data analytics and conceptual transformations; the foundations of big data collection for social science research; the gap between the acquisition of data and its use to advance discovery and innovation; the costs and benefits of using big data in decision making and analysis; and, finally, related problems of privacy, security, and ethics. Issues such as these will continue to arise with increased use of big data as fundamental to policy making and governance in today's growing information society.     

Digital Privacy and Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

This article considers the impact of digital technologies on privacy and, specifically, the issues arising from metadata. It takes the 2016 Investigatory Powers Act as an exemplar and argues, by reference to European case law, that while data arising from new technologies undoubtedly fall within the scope of privacy protections, there are questions as to the level of protection awarded. Questions arise from how the nature and intensity of intrusion is understood against a backdrop of ‘dataveillance’, as well as the underlying issue of whether ex post controls—through oversight mechanisms—are sufficient to safeguard privacy.     

国内外柏格森哲学的研究状况

柏格森哲学曾在世界范围内具有广泛的影响,但是,即使在柏格森哲学的鼎盛时期,批评他的人和称赞他的人也至少平分秋色.对柏格森哲学的批评意见主要来自宗教和哲学两个方面,罗素可被视为从哲学上批评柏格森的代表人物;对柏格森哲学的继承和发展方面,文学现代主义可作为一个突出的代表.本文对此做了扼要的介绍.就国内情况而言,中国目前缺乏对柏格森哲学的系统梳理和评价.文章最后提出,可以从克隆与创新、变化与创新的关系方面进一步挖掘柏格森哲学的意义.     

大数据视阈下公职人员廉政风险动态监测及预警

廉政风险防控具有前瞻性和高效益,属治本之策。大数据为公职人员廉政风险防控提供了新的研究视角和方法,可通过协同联动的廉政风险防控平台深度挖掘规模剧增的海量数据进行动态监测及预警。基于目前理论研究和实践现状,以公职人员为无差别微观研究主体,将公职人员廉政风险预警流程设计为廉政风险信息采集、廉政风险信息分析、廉政风险信息评估、廉政风险信息处理四部分,利用大数据量化研判,实现公职人员个体相关数据的分析评估和实时监测,可及时防控和遏制腐败行为的发生。     

Civic Hackathons: Innovation,Procurement, or Civic Engagement?

At all levels, governments around the world are moving toward the provision of open data, that is, the direct provision to citizens, the private sector, and other third parties, of raw government datasets, controlled by a relatively permissible license. In tandem with this distribution of open data is the promotion of civic hackathons, or “app contests” by government. The civic hackathon is designed to offer prize money to developers as a way to spur innovative use of open data, more specifically the creation of commercial software applications that deliver services to citizens. Within this context, we propose that the civic hackathon has the potential to act in multiple ways, possibly as a backdoor to the traditional government procurement process, and as a form of civic engagement. We move beyond much of the hype of civic hackathons, critically framing an approach to understanding civic hackathons through these two lenses. Key questions for future research emphasize the emerging, and important, nature of this research path.     

Trade‐Offs,Limitations, and Promises of Big Data in Social Science Research

The promise of “big data” is a grand one. The collection and aggregation of massive datasets and the development of analytical tools by which to study these data is part of cutting‐edge efforts across scientific disciplines, with social, behavioral, and economic sciences leading the way in many of these efforts. There has been a recent rise in National Science Foundation funding for “big data” research across directorates that coincides with scholarly, public, and governmental attention to the topic. Nonetheless, there are limitations and trade‐offs to “big data” research, particularly as it corresponds to scientific modes of inquiry and the limited range of topics that fall under its umbrella, that must be recognized and incorporated into the general understanding of its long‐term promise.     

宪法实施视域中司法裁判宪法援引的实证分析

全面推进宪法实施采用广义的宪法实施内涵,有利于将宪法基本原则和宪法规范贯彻落实到国家与社会生活的各个领域。司法裁判中的宪法援引是宪法实施在司法领域的具体实践,因此,对宪法援引的实证研究能够获得宪法实施的直观印象。借助于新兴的大数据技术,检索含有宪法援引内容的裁判文书,对其进行统计学处理和分析,形成关于宪法援引案件的系统性认知。在此基础上,运用宪法学原理对宪法援引进行解析,以主体为宪法援引的区分标准,将其分解为当事人宪法援引与法院宪法援引两种不同类型,便于深入考察司法实践中宪法援引的具体方式和实际效果,进一步印证宪法援引在推进宪法全面实施过程中所具有的实践价值。     

Eclipse or reconfigured? South Korea's developmental state and challenges of the global knowledge economy

Abstract

Globalists and former students of the Asian developmental state maintain that the latter has succumbed to the forces of globalization. They believe that the global knowledge economy involves the thorough integration of the global economy, continuous innovation and networks rather than hierarchies and that these factors are foreign to the operational logic of the developmental state and thus render it obsolete. This article contends that the global economy is not as open as supposed, and that the challenges posed by the knowledge economy, while genuine, tend to be uneven. Focusing on Korea's information technology sector and relying on documentary and interview data, the present article suggests that, while the Korean state no longer relies on its erstwhile finance and regulation strategies, it has continued to articulate development visions and sought to achieve them through deploying public resources to structure the market. Rather than going into eclipse, the Korean developmental state has been reconfigured.     

论科技意识及其当代形态

科技意识是一种建立在科学技术实践基础之上的社会意识形态。它反映着科学技术实践与客观事物的关系以及科学技术实践本身的特点、程序、规律和精神气质。科技意识由科学知识、科学方法、科学精神三个层次有机组成。科学方法、科学精神是科学技术活动中更为本质的内容。科学知识、科学方法和科学精神在知识经济时代有了新的丰富和发展,其精神内涵更加清晰和凸现。     

Stem Cell Research and Technology in Iran—Window of Opportunity in the Midst of International Tension

This paper aims to explain how the key characteristics of “stem cell research” as an emerging technology facilitate the strategy of an Iranian organization, namely, “the Royan Institute” to learn by interaction and to generate knowledge. It argues that the Royan could take advantage of the window of opportunity that stem cell research and technology had temporarily opened up but its endeavors are now being hampered by unfavorable international factors and weak domestic infrastructure. The article substantiates the case by giving an objective account of networking and gatekeeping in the process of learning/innovation at the Royan and concludes by questioning the continuity of the actual learning strategy in order to sustain the Royan's knowledge production.     

浅论布鲁诺对人的发现

本文集中说明布鲁诺“人的发现”方面的思想。在布鲁诺看来,人和其他生物没有区别,人的本体状态与所有其他有生命物质的可能的状态处于同一个自然层次。布鲁诺认为,与其他动物不同的是,人由于其机体的特殊构造和形体并且能够比动物更会利用自己的躯体才可以上升为神圣。布鲁诺认为是劳动使人区别于甚至凌驾于其他物种之上。布鲁诺十分重视人手的作用,把手作为众器官之王。人能够用自己的双手来改造自然,建立文明。人懂得使用和谐的方式来使用体内的智力和潜在的功能。理想的劳动应该是愉快的。     

On context,discourse and implication of knowledge management in an organization

This theoretical investigation claims knowledge management （KM） is about tacit organizational knowledge and people in the context of virtual organizations rather than information technology （IT） infrastructure. Some professional/academic discourses about knowledge management are examined. It is found that KM is the management of human （inter） actions, organizational learning, intellectual capital and business process re-engineering. The implication of KM for government officials and corporate executives is also discussed.     

基于Wiki的高校知识管理研究

高校知识管理不仅对于提高高校的整体竞争力,而且对于高校的发展,都起着很重要的作用。但是,目前来看,对高校知识管理的实施并不太好。首先分析了高校知识管理存在的障碍因素,介绍了Wiki所具有的特点,特别是其具有知识管理的社会功能,指出了将Wiki引入高校知识管理的可行性,并对基于Wiki的高校知识管理的意义进行了阐述,最后提出了基于Wiki的高校知识管理模型构想。     

发现式教学和接受式教学浅析

发现式学习和接受式学习是较有影响的现代学习理论,其相应的教学方法即发现式教学法和接受式教学法既各有特点又有内在联系。在实际教学过程中,合理地将两种教学方法相结合、交叉重叠使用,能取得较为满意的教学效果。     

Digitizing Peircean semiotics to analyze students’ peer-review comments: classroom use of an application in open-source R

ABSTRACT

Statistical software applications are increasingly used to measure student engagement in the classroom. However, more work remains to be done to clarify how meaning is created and measured in classroom settings. With the growing use of technology in the classroom, students’ peer review has become a standard practice to improve students’ writing skills. This article examines the use of an open-source R software application based on Peirce’s sign theory to analyze students’ peer-review comments. Peer review is the assessment of student or professional work by others. The importance of open-source R as a platform lies in the fact that users can extend its code without having to ask permission. The results suggest a new approach, based on computational and social semiotics, to the assessment of students’ peer-review comments in higher education.     

试析曼海姆知识社会学理论

曼海姆通过对现代认识论与心理学研究问题的分析,提出了以环境决定知识和群体知识决定个人知识等观点为核心的知识社会学理论。他认为以往知识理论都是政党政治的产物,而知识社会学建立的目的是为了建构一门超党派、为人类服务的纯客观的知识体系。尽管他的知识社会学理论深化了存在论向度的知识问题研究,但由于其对社会问题把握缺失总体性综合式研究思路与方法,因而显得抽象、空洞并难以实现。     

关于在高职高专大班英语教学中了解学生的思考

由于高职高专实行大班英语教学,教师对学生缺乏了解,导致师生关系疏远、课堂管理难度大等不足。分析了大班英语教学中了解学生的内容以及几种了解学生的途径和方法。