知识经济三题

本认为,知识是商品,但知识又具有不同于一般商品的特殊商品属性;在发展知识经济过程中,教育居于基础性的地位;知识经济的发展改变了那种将现代化等同于工业化的传统认识。在知识经济时代,现代化不仅意味着要实现工业化,更要实现信息化和知识化。     

基于空间治理视角的城市贫困研究综述

相较于农村贫困,城市贫困是一种在空间上集聚的相对贫困,明晰它的空间特征、演变规律及影响因素等对于城市贫困的精准治理有着重要作用。为此,应用Citespace科学文献可视化工具,对Web of Science数据库中1052篇城市贫困主题的英文文献(1995—2019年)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中2912篇相关中文文献(1981—2019年)进行分析,可从空间视角总结国内外城市贫困的研究现状及研究热点。结果表明:研究趋势上,国外对于城市贫困研究的关注度总体呈现上升趋势,而国内城市贫困的研究起步较晚、增长幅度较大,但在关注度上出现倒U型结构;概念上,从空间视角定义城市贫困多是认为居住区内的人们遭受了不同类型的"剥夺";研究内容上,城市贫困空间的测量与识别、时空动态变化、影响因素分析及大数据的应用等是国内外城市贫困的研究热点;贫困空间的演变及成因上,受居住、种族和阶级隔离等多种经济文化因素的综合影响,国外的城市贫困呈现由内及外的郊区化现象,而国内城市贫困空间演化较为复杂多变。     

The social relations of money as universal equivalent: a response to Ingham

In a recent debate in Economy and Society, Ingham criticized Marxist theory of money on the grounds that it relates money to commodities through the labour theory of value, while ignoring credit money. Ingham suggested instead that money is constituted by social relations characteristic of credit, namely relations of ‘promise to pay’. Drawing on Marx, this article shows that, pace Ingham, it is necessary theoretically to relate money to commodities. Money is indeed constituted by social relations, but these are commercial relations among ‘foreign’ commodity owners, not credit relations. The social relations of money are successfully captured by Marx's concept of the universal equivalent, when that is interpreted as monopoly over the ability to buy. In this light, both commodity and credit money are forms of the universal equivalent, but qualitatively different from each other.     

A Knowledge‐Based Approach to Public Value Management: A Case Study of Change Implementation in Disability Services in Western Australia

This paper provides a knowledge‐based perspective to understanding public value management (PVM). As distinct from other approaches to public administration, PVM focuses on collaborative capacity building for the creation of public value. To develop the notion of PVM further, we explore the role of a knowledge‐based strategy in a case study of change implementation in 18 disability service organisations in Western Australia. Our findings show important inter‐relationships between knowledge management strategy, adopting a person‐centred approach to service provision, and sustainability of change implementation. We discuss the implications of the study for disability sector change management and for the further exploration of the strategic role of knowledge management capabilities in the study and practice of PVM in public sector administration. The paper explores the relationship between an organisation's knowledge capture and sharing systems and processes and its ability to implement change in a way that generates long‐term benefits for both public sector employees (e.g., engaging with key stakeholders to generate innovative solutions for serving client needs) and clients (i.e., increased well‐being through better service design and support).     

基于Wiki的高校知识管理研究

高校知识管理不仅对于提高高校的整体竞争力,而且对于高校的发展,都起着很重要的作用。但是,目前来看,对高校知识管理的实施并不太好。首先分析了高校知识管理存在的障碍因素,介绍了Wiki所具有的特点,特别是其具有知识管理的社会功能,指出了将Wiki引入高校知识管理的可行性,并对基于Wiki的高校知识管理的意义进行了阐述,最后提出了基于Wiki的高校知识管理模型构想。     

略论价值与管理价值

本文论证了价值和管理价值的区别和联系,管理价值的一般特点,管理价值在实现管理目标过程中的重要作用,管理的价值目标是实现真、善、美的辩证统一,管理主体和管理客体树立正确管理价值观的重要性和必要性.文章认为管理活动实际上是一个包含一系列价值评价的系统工程.     

Hardening foreign corporate accountability through mandatory due diligence in the European Union? New trends and persisting challenges

The negative externalities of global commodity chains and existing governance gaps have received wide scholarly attention. Indeed, many sectors including forest-risk commodities (FRCs) like soy and beef from Brazil remain largely unregulated. This article analyzes ongoing policy-making processes at European Union level to adopt new regulations for reducing accountability gaps: one regulation of FRCs and one general, cross-sectoral directive on human rights and environmental due diligence. This article draws on and aims to contribute to previous research into foreign corporate accountability, therein analytically distinguishing between input, output, and surrogate accountability. This study shows that new policies will likely be more comprehensive than previous supply chain regulations, while their specific institutional design and stringency are highly contested. More in general, we argue that for hardening corporate accountability, due diligence politics will need to confront important governance challenges that have limited the potential of previous regulations, such as a lack of consequentiality of reporting obligations, weak state monitoring, limited stakeholder involvement, and difficulties to establish legal liability.     

试析曼海姆知识社会学理论

曼海姆通过对现代认识论与心理学研究问题的分析,提出了以环境决定知识和群体知识决定个人知识等观点为核心的知识社会学理论。他认为以往知识理论都是政党政治的产物,而知识社会学建立的目的是为了建构一门超党派、为人类服务的纯客观的知识体系。尽管他的知识社会学理论深化了存在论向度的知识问题研究,但由于其对社会问题把握缺失总体性综合式研究思路与方法,因而显得抽象、空洞并难以实现。     

明朝中后期商潮中的农民问题

明朝中后期商业化的农业经济适应了社会发展的新需要,导致了生产集约化规模的扩大,出现了农村雇佣劳动力,产生了农业资本主义萌芽.     

Politicians in Television

ABSTRACT

Television viewers, journalists and social influence analysts often use the term “television character” or “media-savvy person” when referring to people (also to politicians) who draw the viewers' attention and interest (Reeves, Naas, 2000). The purpose of the research presented herein is to answer two questions: (1) what are the differences in social perception of five main personality dimensions (“the Big Five”: agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience [intellect]) of media-savvy politicians and those considered to belong to the non-media-savvy type; and (2) how traits attributed to media-savvy and media-un-savvy politicians remain connected with the viewers' political self-identification. A hundred journalism students, using an adjective list for “the Big Five” diagnosis (five dimensions of personality), were to identify their political beliefs as right wing, mixed, or left wing and to describe a politician they considered to be the most media-savvy and the least media-savvy person. Results indicate that media-avvy politicians are perceived to be more extrovert (dynamic), more open to experience, and more conscientious than their media-un-savvy counterparts; participants' (viewers') political beliefs reflect the importance of openness and conciliation in perception of media-savvy and non-media-savvy politicians.     

缄默知识视野下的警察道德教育

从知识论的角度对警察院校道德教育进行审视,长期以来警察院校道德教育的成效式微是由于在教育中忽视了缄默知识。缄默知识在警察道德教育中具有重要意义,在缄默知识视野下的警察道德教育应该充分重视缄默知识、营造良好的校园文化氛围、重视实践教学。     

英美文化背景知识与英语听力教学

英美文化背景知识的缺乏、思维方式的差异是影响中国学生英语听力理解能力提高的主要原因,因此,听力教学中注重文化背景知识的传授是相当重要的。本文着重讨论了听力理解与文化背景知识之间的关系,阐明了学生缺乏背景知识对于听力理解的影响,并提出了在听力教学中传授英美文化背景知识的几种方法。