Cleavage of 2-phenylpropan-1-ol and 2-phenylpropan-2-ol-glucuronide, 2 metabolites of isopropylbenzol (Cumol)

The behaviour of 2-phenyl-1-propanol (I) and 2-phenyl-2-propanol (II) and their glucuronides with HCl has been investigated. While I shows a high acidic constancy, II undergoes a partial conversion into 2-phenylpropane (III) which itself yields numerous products. The glucosidic bond of glucuronide I is quantitatively split by 10.0% HCl, whereby an aglucone yield of nearly 100% is obtained. The second glucuronide behaves otherwise: the recovery of II is very low (only 40% to 45%) with HCl concentrations of 1.0%-20.0%, although with 1.0% HCl 100% of the glucuronide is hydrolysed.     

过氧化氢诱导PC12细胞损伤的模型的建立

目的建立不同浓度的H2O2诱导PC12细胞凋亡的模型,研究组织缺血、自由基损伤的机制。方法分别以不同浓度的H2O2处理PC12细胞12h,用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法和流式细胞术检测处理后细胞的生长活力和凋亡情况。结果以0浓度组作为对照,100、300nmol/L的H2O2处理的PC12细胞生存率分别为(76±7.69)%、(39±7.08)%(P<0.01);0、100、300nmol/L的H2O2处理的PC12细胞后凋亡率分别为2.47%、6.00%和55.54%。结论建立了以0、100、300nmol/L的H2O2诱导PC12细胞凋亡的模型。     

Experimental long-distance haplotyping of OCA2-HERC2 variants

The regulatory HERC2 SNP, rs12913832, is strongly associated with blue and brown eye colour. However, eye colour in heterozygous rs12913832 individuals is observed to vary greatly. Missense mutations in OCA2, such as rs1800407 and rs74653330, are associated with lighter eye colour in some but not all heterozygous rs12913832 individuals. Determining the physical linkage of these variants might help to further explain eye colour variation. So far, experimental haplotyping of these variants has been challenging because the genomic distance between them (∼ 135 kb) exceeds the fragment lengths produced by commonly used DNA isolation kits. The aim for this study was to explore novel methods for long distance haplotyping to assess associations between OCA2-HERC2 haplotypes and eye colour. DNA was isolated from frozen blood samples collected from Norwegians that are known to be heterozygous for both HERC2 rs12913832 and OCA2 SNPs, either rs1800407 (n = 23) or rs74653330 (n = 17), using the newly commercially available Monarch® HMW (heigh molecular weight) DNA Extraction Kit (New England BioLabs_inc). We successfully isolated DNA fragments up to 210 kb, which were long enough to haplotype OCA2-HERC2 loci by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Three haplotypes were observed in the study population: rs12913832:A-rs1800407:T in 22/23 individuals, rs12913832:A-rs1800407:C in 1/23 individuals and rs12913832:A-rs74653330:T in 16/16 individuals. As expected, all individuals with the rs12913832:A-rs74653330:T haplotype had intermediate to blue eye colour. However, the rs12913832:A-rs1800407:T haplotype was observed in both blue and brown-eyed individuals, suggesting more research is needed.     

Using multiple regression to adjust 2 x 2 contingency tables

A simple method is suggested for adjusting a 2 x 2 contingency table when one side of the table involves groups of subjects that certainly differ on a host of extraneous variables. The method capitalizes on the equivalence of the Cramér coefficient for 2 x 2 tables and the product moment correlation coefficient by substituting a squared partial correlation coefficient from multiple regression into the chi-square formula.     

Extraction of 2-nitroaniline and 2-nitro-4-methylaniline from aqueous solutions

Results of extraction of 2-nitroaniline and 2-nitro-4-methylaniline from aqueous solutions with organic solvents are shown to depend on the nature of extractants, pH of the aqueous phase, its saturation with water and electrolytes. The optimal conditions for the extraction of the compounds of interest are created by using water-saturated ethylacetate as the extractant at a pH value in the range from 1.0 to 12.0. The rate of extraction was calculated necessary to remove the desired amounts of 2-nitroaniline and 2-nitro-4-methylaniline from aqueous solutions using the above solvents.     

CCR2和CCL2与缺氧缺血性脑损伤的相关性研究进展

缺氧缺血性脑损伤(hypoxic-ischemic brain damage,HIBD)是指由于外力作用造成的脑皮质浅层出血而软脑膜完整的一种脑部损伤。近年来的研究表明,多种免疫细胞及细胞因子参与了HIBD的发生。CC趋化因子受体2(CC chemokine receptor 2,CCR2)是CC型趋化因子的代表受体,广泛分布于脑组织内神经元、星形胶质细胞及小胶质细胞,是脑组织中主要的趋化因子受体。CC趋化因子配体2(CC chemokine ligand 2,CCL2)为碱性蛋白,是CCR2的配体,在炎症反应中发挥重要的作用。本文对CCR2和CCL2的生物学特性进行介绍,并对CCR2和CCL2与HIBD的关系进行阐述,以期为HIBD的相关研究提供线索。     

Development of the Social Issues Advocacy Scale-2 (SIAS-2)

The 21-item Social Issues Advocacy Scale (SIAS; Nilsson, Marszalek et al. in Educ Psychol Meas 71(1):258–275, 2011) was developed as a concise measure of social justice advocacy for people in the helping and health professions. Recent scholarship has indicated a need for a broader measure. The present study seeks to continue development of the SIAS into an expanded version, the SIAS-2. A sample of 284 helping and health professionals and college students in related fields was administered 117 items, which was reduced to 78 items for the final instrument through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Eight factors emerged explaining 61.5% of the item variance. Corresponding subscales ranged in reliability from .88 to .94. Additional validity evidence is discussed.     

Classification of alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein (alpha 2HS) types by isoelectric focusing

A sample of 300 sera from unrelated individuals from Northern Japan was examined by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. Three common types, alpha 2HS 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2 were differentiated. The frequencies of the alpha 2HS alleles in our sample were found to be: alpha 2HS1 = 0.7250 and alpha 2HS2 = 0.2750. Analysis of 16 parents with 21 children did not show deviations from the expected mode of inheritance.     

Zum Regelungsumfang des Art 16 Z 2 LGVÜ/Art 22 Z 2 EuGVVO

Klagen gegen einen internationalen Sportverband, die auf Feststellung der Unwirksamkeit einer Sperre eines bei einem nationalen Sportverband besch?ftigten Trainers von Wettbewerben dieses Sportverbandes und auf Unterlassung von Handlungen, die eine Akkreditierung verhindern bzw erschweren, gerichtet sind, unterliegen der ausschlie?lichen inl?ndischen Gerichtsbarkeit des Sitzstaates; eine Verbindung solcher Klagen mit einer gegen den nationalen Verband gerichteten gleichartigen Klage ist daher unzul?ssig. – Eine damit zusammenh?ngende Schadenersatzklage gegen den internationalen Verband steht auch nicht in dem von Art 6 Nr 1 LGVü geforderten Zusammenhang mit einer Klage gegen den nationalen Verband wegen Aufl?sung des Trainervertrages aufgrund der Sperre.