Structural Models of Injustice and Illegalism in Israel

The question of whether a citizen is obliged to obey the law has occupied scholarly thinking since the days of Socrates. Thus, rarely has the question been examined empirically. Based on a survey of 1866 adults, citizens of the state of Israel, this study attempts to construct causal models linking socioeconomic status to subjective measures of injustice, and further to indicators of illegalism and disobedience among Jews and Arabs. LISREL analysis has been found a useful tool to construct the empirical models that measure how members of the two ethnic communities relate to the boundaries of the prima facie obligation to obey the law. Findings show that those who have no trust in one part of the legal system, will also have no trust in the rest of the system which, in turn, serves to legitimize taking the law into one's own hand.     

关于诱惑侦查的法律思考

诱惑侦查是刑事诉讼中一种特殊的侦查手段,也是国内外学术界颇有争议的话题。诱惑侦查通常分为“犯意诱发型”和“提供机会型”两种类型。“犯意诱发型”诱惑侦查因可能引起诸多违法的后果而应被坚决禁止,而“提供机会型”诱惑侦查有其合理性,但有必要从适用前提、适用主体、适用范围、适用对象、行为方式和程序控制等方面进行规制,以将其纳入法制化的运行轨道。     

Hurricane Katrina Victimization as a State Crime of Omission

Several popular narratives assign responsibility to a host of political officials on the local, state, and federal levels for the excess human suffering stemming from Hurricane Katrina. The three main goals of this article are to (1) summarize these claims and situate them within the burgeoning literature on state crime in criminology, (2) discern what victims of the hurricane subjectively identify as the source(s) of their victimization, and (3) compare the latter and the former in order to demonstrate the appropriateness of conceptualizing the excess suffering of Hurricane Katrina victims as a state crime of omission. We explore these three subjects through documentary analysis and interviews with thirteen victims of Hurricane Katrina. Major findings are that all of the interviewees express profound dissatisfaction with various state actions and inactions before, during, and after Katrina in ways consistent with the documentary and polling data. This constellation of similar claims and evidence along with the obvious social injury caused by multiple state failures provide the basis for conceptualizing governmental negligence in the context of Katrina as a state crime of omission.

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The Need for Legislative Regulation of Camping as a Mass Phenomenon

For the last ten or twenty years, in habitable areas of our country, there have not been any picturesque localities, rivers, or forests not reached by the wave of camping as a mass phenomenon. Camping has not only become widespread in the developed regions, but has found its way to the most remote places. Unfortunately, neither those having the use of the land nor government agencies were prepared for this phenomenon. Scientific research in this field has not kept pace with the spread of camping, and legislation clearly lags behind the need.     

Against the Managerial State: Preventive Policing as Non-Legal Governance

Law and Philosophy - Since at least the 1980s, police departments in the United States have embraced a set of practices that aim, not to enable the prosecution of past criminal activity, but to...     

宪政是宪法逻辑运动的状态

现有宪政理论在概念上引出无穷因果链和循环论证 ,在起源上以道德判断代替逻辑论证 ,很少自觉从因果律上来考察宪政的内涵与意义。宪法的确定性和宪法的功能作为判定宪政内涵的逻辑要件是不可缺少的 ,它们直接指向宪政的目标。这些目标就是组织国家政权、保障公民权利、维护国家和社会的基本制度、保持法制的统一性。     

The Internet as a New Factor in State and Public Development

On 14 March, when the State Duma introduced a bill that would have instituted a moratorium on executions, it almost had to dissolve itself—not completely, of course, for a quorum was maintained, but almost. Before the bill was put up for discussion, the LDPR [Liberal Democratic Party of Russia] faction (50 people) left (on private business), and during the final vote 193 deputies abstained; whether they went for a walk or simply stayed in their seats but did not press the button is unknown, but they refused to deal with one of the questions that is most important for Russia's future (there were 176 votes "against" and 75 "for" the bill).     

The Further Evolution of the State Enterprise as a Legal Entity

The 22nd Congress of the CPSU adopted a new Program for the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and set forth in it a concrete plan for the building of a communist society in the USSR. The CPSU Program envisages as the chief economic task of the next twenty years the establishment of the material and technical base for communism. Effectuation of this vast undertaking also presupposes a further "improvement of the legal norms regulating functions of economic organization, culture and education, and promoting the solution of the tasks of the building of communism and the allround flourishing of the personality." (1)     

简论国家作为恐怖主义犯罪的主体

国家可否成为恐怖主义犯罪的主体,这是一个具有较大争议性的问题。从应然的角度看,只要国家实施了恐怖主义行为,就理所当然构成恐怖主义犯罪,并成为恐怖主义犯罪的主体。但从实然的角度看,由于各国对此存在严重分歧,加之目前国际刑法还没有追究国家刑事责任的机制,因而将国家视为恐怖主义犯罪的主体,还存在许多实际的困难。另从国内层面看,由于国家间是平等的,平等者之间无管辖,因而通过一个国家的国内刑法体系来界定国家实施的恐怖主义犯罪,并追究国家的刑事责任,也是没有法理根据的。围绕国家作为恐怖主义犯罪主体问题,国际社会正在进行一场法律斗争,这场斗争对我国具有重要的影响。     

The Russian Orthodox Church as Part of the State and Society

The author analyzes how the relations of the Russian Orthodox Church with the Russian state and with Russian society have developed under Patriarch Kirill.     

Street as Courtroom: State Accommodation of Labor Protest in South China

Drawing on data collected from district-level governments, this article studies how the Chinese state responds to labor protests in South China. It examines both the internal logic and operational patterns of the state response involving the local courts and an assortment of government agencies. Internal documents and interviews reveal an emerging mode of state reaction. In the context of protest, the courts and related government agencies engage protesters on the street, which often grants a favorable resolution. This "street as courtroom" is a result of the weak capacity of the legal system coupled with a government-wide campaign to build a "harmonious society." These findings compel researchers to reconsider the institutional boundaries of the prototypical court, the outcome of social protest, and the appropriate role of the courts in China.     

沉没的军舰和其他国家船舶的法律地位--以水下文化遗产保护为视角

依照国际法规则,军舰和其他国家船舶享有主权豁免,只受船旗国管辖.问题是,如果它们在水下沉睡多年、成为宝贵的水下文化遗产并极有可能遭受商业性打捞的破坏时,是否应当重新审视它们的法律地位.2001年联合国教科文组织通过的<保护水下文化遗产公约>是国际社会为保护水下文化遗产所作的重要努力,其有关沉没军舰和其他国家船舶的规定也值得赞赏.     

生态问题是人作为悖论性存在的心态问题

生态问题源于人类存在的悖论性——幸福追求和终极追求的对立。人类为了生活幸福,在科学技术的推动下,效率与发展却成为我们生活的准则。其后果就是生态成为当代人类面临生存危机的＂问题＂,而它的直接表现就是产品的社会价值与自然价值的分离与对立。所以,生态问题其根本就是人类的＂心态问题＂。     

Criminology as social control science: State influence on criminogical research in Canada

The focus of this paper is on the relationship between criminological research and government practices regarding research funding. Specifically, two major modes of funding criminological research in Canada are examined:Contract Research and Grant Research. After presenting the case that government policy directions and the government's methods of funding criminological research have significant effects on the types of research that are conducted in this country, the argument is made that criminologists interested in conducting state funded research should first ask themselves the fundamental question of who is likely to benefit from the results of such research. Revised version of a paper presented at the Canadian Law and Society Association Meetings, Quebec City, 1989. The author would like to thank several colleagues for comments made on earlier drafts of this paper, with special thanks to M.A. Kandrack and K.R Grant.     

国家赔偿和《国家赔偿法》

《国家赔偿法》的出台 ,是我国立法史上的重大进步 ,但在实施过程中有不完善的地方。修改和补充规范 ,使国家赔偿的范围、方式和程序更加合乎社会发展的需要 ,正确处理国家机关的权力与公民、法人和其他经济组织的权利的关系 ,以保证权力的正确实施和权利的依法实现。     

劳动、政治承认与国家伦理——对我国《宪法》劳动权规范的一种阐释

西方理论阐述宪法上的劳动权属性,多采自由权与社会权两端。然而,理解我国现行《宪法》的劳动权性质及其内涵,则不能简单套用西方既有学说,需要从宪法文本的规范体系出发、运用宪法解释学的方法才能清楚获得。同时,要真切理解劳动权在我国宪法上的性质,还必须具有宪法的"历史意识",仔细分析劳动权在不同阶段文本中的功能流变。现行《宪法》中的劳动权规范既是一种保障私权的权利规范,也是蕴含社会主义国家的国家伦理的重要承认规范。     

国家所有权的实现方式——中国物权制度改革的重中之重

我国目前国家所有权实现方式的特点为 :国家作为管理者的行政权力与国家作为所有人的财产权利统一为一体 ,该实现方式是前苏联国家所有权实现方式的承袭 ,改革多年 ,这种官僚的国家所有权的实现方式始终没有变革。这种国家所有权的实现方式给那些有权力而滥用权力之人提供了方便 ,国家所有权实现方式的变革应该是物权制度改革的核心内容。