Pre-judice and identity

The multifarious relations between the general and the particular, between distance and proximity and between 'belonging' and 'difference', relations that pertain to the realm of judgement, are of central significance in recent debates in the social sciences and their concepts of 'identity'. Therefore, Friese explores the implicit or explicit concepts of 'identity' in anthropological theorizing that assume not just the unity and coherence of the subject and its alleged belonging to a well-defined social configuration - be it a group, an ethnos, a nation - but presuppose the stability and continuity of its structural features. In order to gain distance from such theoretical edifices and a stable ontology of the social world, she brings into play approaches that resist the construction of unequivocal and stable identities by conceptualizing social relations in terms of mutual 'othering' and temporality. By referring to these approaches, perspectives are opened up that question not only the presuppositions of (theoretical) 'pre-judice', but also the assumptions of the new 'politics of identity'. What is proposed is a rewriting of the project of Enlightenment and an abandonment of any politics that is based on the heteronomy of judgement and that aims at establishing unquestioned ontologies of belonging and identity.     

Economics and distributive ethics

This essay, adapted from his Inaugural Lecture as the Simon Professor at Lafayette, was dedicated to the memory of Aaron Wildavsky.     

组织认同与行动理性

组织认同以理性为主导,是一种选择性结果,不是自然形成的。组织认同中的理性,是一种由个体出发的主观行动理性。西蒙关于"管理人"的假设,肯定人的行为是有意识的和合乎逻辑的,同时又强调了人的选择能力是有限的,更符合对组织中人的理解。行动理性人具有的主观理性表现出独特性,自我性和情境性三个特点。     

Social identity and voting behavior

This paper uses the unique social structure of Arab communities to examine the effect of social identity on voter turnout. We first show that voters are more likely to vote for a candidate who shares their social group (signified by last name) as compared to other candidates. Using last name as a measure of group affiliation, an inverted U-shaped relationship between group size and voter turnout has been found (borderline significant) which is consistent with theoretical models that reconcile the paradox of voting by incorporating group behavior.     

Adopting new technologies

John Carey is director of Greystone Communications, a telecommunications research and planning firm in Dobbs Ferry, New York. He also serves as consultant to the Gannett Center for Media Studies at Columbia University and is an affiliated research fellow at Columbia’s Center for Telecommunications and Information Studies.     

The ethics of resigning

Resigning from office is a critical ethical decision for individuals. Resignation also remains one of the basic moral resources for individuals of integrity. The option to resign reinforces integrity, buttresses responsibility, supports accountability, and can provide leverage and boundary drawing. I argue that the moral reasons to resign flow from three related moral dimensions of integrity. Individuals in office promise to live up to the obligation of the office. This promise presumes that individuals have the capacity to make and keep promises, the competence to do the tasks of office, and the ability to be effective. This article examines how failure in each of these areas generates strong moral reasons to resign. ©1999 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

Why policy analysis and ethics are incompatible

Commentators in the field of policy analysis have argued persuasively for the inclusion of ethical evaluations in the analytic process, yet most practitioners in the policy field avoid analyzing moral issues. Standard explanations for this neglect of ethics tend to be inadequate; assertions that normative analysis is unnecessary, impractical, impossible, or undesirable are demonstrably weak. Political factors, on the other hand, provide a clearer understanding of the neglect of ethics. Ethical inquiry is shunned because it frequently threatens the professional and political interests of both analysts and policymakers. The administrator, the legislator, the bureaucracy, and the profession of policy analysis itself all resist the potential challenges of moral evaluation.     

Anonymous electronic identity in cross-border and cross-sector environment

The paper deals with identity management in cross-border and cross-sector communication in e-government. The new ALUCID （automatic, liberal and user-centric electronic identity） technology based on new principles of anonymous and automatic identity enables markedly different and simpler identity management with strong authentication support. This paper aims to compare ALUCID with PKI （public key infrastructure, a well-known identity management technology used in cross-border and cross-sector environment of e-government） from user＇s and government＇s point of view. It focuses on organizational aspects of eID issuing and verification, various interoperability issues, language issues, legislative framework variety, cultural differences and privacy protection issues related to identity use and management. The specific features of the ALUCID technology which was designed to support the specific needs of e-government in a cross-border and cross-sector environment are also described herein.     

破碎与重构:多元文化主义塑造加拿大国家认同

由于特殊的产生历史、异质的民族成份和复杂的国家形成背景,加拿大国家认同呈现出复杂性和典型性。加拿大国家认同问题在成为“自治领”后呈现出来,而“新法兰西化”“盎格鲁遵从”与“二元民族熔炉”均对国家认同产生了消极影响。在经历“加拿大第一运动”催生国家认同意识后,1971年以实行“多元文化主义”来统摄各族群的国家认同,使国家政权主导下的国家意识建构逐渐清晰。然而,魁北克问题掣肘国家统一、影响国家认同形塑。随着时代的变迁和国内族群人口结构的不断变化,加拿大构建“多元一体”的国家认同是其发展趋势。