Regulating Science and Technology: The Case of the UK Biotechnology Industry*

This paper considers the current performance and future prospects of the UK biotech industry, particularly the biomedical sector. The central argument is that the performance of the UK biotech industry cannot be understood in isolation from the European system of regulation and, increasingly, the international regulatory environment, and from what is happening elsewhere in the regulation of science – particularly in the U.S. To develop this argument, it adopts as its conceptual framework Kim and von Tunzelmann's network alignment approach following Radosevic. It explores the link between regulatory policies and the biotechnology production system – networks between academic research, biotech firms, and large pharmaceutical companies.     

《合伙律师事务所管理办法》解读

2004年6月16日司法部颁布《合伙律师事务所管理办法》(以下简称《办法》),原《合伙律师事务所管理办法》同时废止。现就该《办法》作一解读。本次修改本着“大改”的思路,根据加强合伙律师事务所管理的需要增加了一些内容,同时也对《办法》的结构框架、条文排列、文字等进行了修改。以设“章”的方式,解决原《办法》结构不够鲜明、条文排列逻辑性不强等问题,修改了一些不够准确的文字。(一)关于合伙人。一是提高了担任合伙人的条件。原《办法》规定的担任合伙人的条件是:具备律师资格和三年以上的执业经历,且品行良好。很多人认为条件偏低,…     

Large Firms and Catch-up in a Transitional Economy: The Case of Shougang Group in China*

This study examines the possibility of catch-up of the Chinese steel industry, in particular the Shougang Group, with the leading global steel giants. Shougang is one of the four steel companies that have been selected by the Chinese government to constitute the core of the future Chinese steel industry. The contract system at Shougang, which operated from 1979 to 1995, unleashed an extraordinary entrepreneurial energy in the formerly traditional state-run steel plant. In the post-contract system, Shougang's range of decision-making independence in respect to the purchase of inputs, its production structure and product marketing has increased substantially compared to the contract system, when the government still controlled many of the key decisions. As a result of institutional constraint, the low value-added steel products dominate Shougang's portfolio. To challenge the established giants in the steel industry, Shougang has to divest the loss-making non-core businesses, slowly downsize employment in the core business, raise capital on the stock market and generates the resources for continued upgrading of its steel technology and diversifying its product portfolio.     

关于律师和律师事务所两管理规章的解读

2006年7月18日，吴爱英部长签发第111号、第112号司法部令，发布了《律师事务所管理办法》和《律师执业管理办法》。这是司法部贯彻实施新修订的《律师法》的重要举措，是确保新《律师法》正确、有效实施的两部重要配套规章。     

The Impact of a Break-Through Rule on European Firms

We analyze the impact of a 75 pct. Break-Through rule on 1,035 European firms with dual class shares. In 3–5 pct. of the firms the controlling owners incur a direct loss of control, while in another 11–17 pct. of the firms, the controlling owners are likely to incur a loss of control. Firms in Germany, Italy and the Scandinavian countries are more likely to incur a loss of control. The restrictions that the Break-Through rule put on the ability of these firms to issue new shares to outsiders without changing the control structure are also estimated. We conclude that a significant number of firms with dual class shares in the European Union will be affected by a 75 pct. Break-Through rule.     

戴着镣铐的舞者——评《典当行业监管规定》

2012年12月5日商务部颁布实施的《典当行业监管规定》,是我国典当行业首都专门的监管立法,该法主要内容包括:提高准入门槛；禁止股权典当；严格资金往来监控；坚持对典当行融资渠道的限制；加强退出监管等.上述立法内容源于当前我国典当行业经营中存在的种种乱象,意在防范行业风险,但其规定中某些内容的合理性值得探讨.从当前金融法制变革的基本思路出发,我国典当行业未来监管立法应从监管基础、监管体制、监管理念以及监管方法等几方面加以完善.     

Architecture and Terrorism: A Case Study of the Impact of “The Troubles” on the Architecture of Northern Ireland

Twenty years ago last month “the troubles” began in Northern Ireland. The political, social and economic implications of the problems that now beset the province are well known. What is less familiar is the effect the troubles are having on architecture and environmental design in Northern Ireland. This paper seeks to examine the way the special demands of security and solidity of construction are reconciled with the political policy of playing down the visual impact of the troubles.     

Governance and Incentive Regulation in Defence Industry Enterprises: A Case Study

In this paper, we analyse the relative efficiency of the Portuguese defence industry with a stochastic frontier. In so doing we consider whether government subsidies have, in fact, resulted in an increase in the technical efficiency of the Portuguese defence-sector companies and whether there is a governance environment to enforce the desired improvement in efficiency. We find that the results are, at best, mixed, leading us to conclude that the incentive regulation introduced by the Ministry of Defence is not achieving its aims. Moreover, governance issues are not on the government agenda. Therefore, we propose a policy revision to enforce efficiency, based on a governance environment framework.JEL M14, D72, K22, K33     

Decapitation and Dismemberment of the Corpse: A Matricide Case*

Abstract: Dismemberment of a corpse has always been viewed by society to be a more hideous crime than the homicide itself. In this study, we present a case of a 57‐year‐old woman who was decapitated and her right arm and both hands were dismembered. It was determined that the victim was murdered and dismembered by her 33‐year‐old daughter, who had been receiving treatment for schizophrenia for 15 years. On the victim’s head and back there were 71 incised and stab wounds in total. They were superficial, except the five stab wounds which were connected to the right chest cavity and which incapacitated the victim. Although there is not a regulation for the act of dismembering the corpse in the Turkish Penal Code, since this type of case is rare, the crime scene and the autopsy findings were evaluated together with other pertinent data available in the literature.     

Soviet Firms in the Managerial Structure of Industry

The 1957 reorganization of the administration of industry and construction was a major step toward the further improvement of management. The successes achieved by our industry in recent years testify to the timeliness and effectiveness of the measures taken.     

Social Science Experts and Amicus Curiae Briefs in International Courts and Tribunals: The WTO Biotech Case

Netherlands International Law Review -     

The Impact of Deterrence Policies on Reckless Driving: The Case of Portugal

In this paper, we test the effect of three different criminal deterrence theory policy tools: criminal certainty, severity, and celerity of punishment. Whereas most criminal deterrence studies in this field focus on the former two components of deterrence theory, this study also examines the potential deterrent effect of the latter component. Using a time-series design with monthly data, we estimate the effects of an increase in the threat of punishment for traffic offenses resulting from a general increase in fines for traffic offenses, an increase in the probability of getting caught with a blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) level outside the legal limits, and the enactment of an “on-the-spot” fine payment policy in Portugal. We find strong evidence to support a severity effect. An increase in the statutory severity of sentence maxima for traffic violations leads to a decrease in accident and injury rates—approximately an average 0.5 percent reduction in monthly accident and injury rates. Changes in the BAC levels and the mandatory swift payment policy did not produce any convincing deterrence impact.

Shark‐Inflicted Trauma: A Case Study of Unidentified Remains Recovered from the Gulf of Mexico*

Abstract: Here, we present a case of an unidentified male whose remains, except for the right arm, were recovered from the Gulf of Mexico 10 years prior to osteological analysis by forensic anthropologists. After the poorly preserved soft tissue was removed and the bones cleaned, forensic analysis revealed an unusual series of hard tissue trauma later attributed by a shark expert as shark scavenging and/or predation. Identified were five unique hard tissue trauma patterns that are bite mark artifacts produced by sharks: punctures without fractures, punctures with associated fractures, striations with bone shaving, overlapping striations, and incised bone gouges. The cooperation among experts provided a comprehensive death case analysis and a better understanding of shark‐inflicted trauma on human skeletal remains.     

再论中国古代民间规约——以工商业规约为中心

民间规约是中国古代民间社会的自治规范，是古代法律秩序的组成部分。在中国古代法律秩序的生成过程中，民间自治规则始终是社会法律秩序的建构基础。民间规约和官方法律之间存在着一定的互补互动关系。要全面科学地认识和评价民间规约，工商业行会规约的地位和作用绝对不容忽视。     

Accountability and Systems of Self-Governance: The Case of the Maritime Industry

Environmental policy has predominantly been informed by a command-and-control policies. There are reasons to believe that the benefits of command-and-control regulations are diminishing or increasingly difficult to measure, whereas the cost of their enforcement is rising. In this paper, I argue that these problems could be overcome if it is recognized that the state is but one source of individual and organizational accountability. I illustrate this argument by discussing the case of the international marine industry. I argue that the marine industry is but one instance of a wide variety of systems of self-governance. In the final section, I outline an innovative approach to the management of environmental risks, and make suggestions for further investigations.     

Hot Air: The Impact on the Insurance Industry from Climate Change Disclosure Rules

This article addresses certain recent rules and regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission requiring companies to disclose the risks presented to their business from climate change. It subsequently examines how these added risks may impact the insurance industry—specifically with regard to director and officer liability. In the author's view, climate change will bring a tectonic shift to industries worldwide and a potential avenue for liability in the insurance industry may be able to circumvent standard pollution exclusion language by making claims under director and officer policies.