浅谈提高未成年人犯罪预防实效的战略举措

随着我国经济的不断发展,我国社会主义法律体系不断的健全和完善,目前已经得到了很好的发展.从总体上来说,近年来我国犯罪总数明显下降,但是未成年人犯罪的人数却呈现出逐年上升的态势,预防未成年人犯罪工作所取得的成效还远没有达到理想的状态,对此必须引起我们的高度重视.加大对未成年人犯罪预防实效战略举措的研究力度,认识预防未成年人犯罪预防工作的重要性,将预防未成人犯罪工作纳入我国新时期的发展战略目标中,贯彻和落实未成年人犯罪预防的执行工作,建立和健全预防未成年人犯罪的管理体系,减少未成年人的犯罪数目,对于促进我国社会主义社会的健康发展具有重要的现实意义.     

论视频监控的犯罪预防功能及犯罪侦查价值

各国的犯罪预防理论发展至今,已经形成了比较完善的犯罪预防体系,主要包括司法预防、社会预防和情景预防三种模式。在我国的犯罪预防体系中,向来重视司法预防和社会预防,而对情景预防关注不够,情景预防措施尚不完善。作为一种对犯罪的干预,视频监控是一种对情境犯罪的干预,研究发掘其在犯罪预防中的作用对完善犯罪预防体系具有重要意义。同时,视频监控系统在犯罪侦查方面也具有重要作用。     

论情境预防对我国的借鉴意义

犯罪的情境预防是指在具体的时空内有效控制犯罪目标以减少犯罪机会的犯罪预防方法，理性选择理论、常规行为理论和环境犯罪学理论是其理论基础。该理论强调根据具体犯罪的情境采取不同的犯罪预防措施，增加犯罪难度抑制犯罪动机从而减少犯罪的发生。本文认为我国应当引入情境预防理论，形成社会预防——情境预防——司法预防的三元预防犯罪体系，实现时犯罪的最佳控制。     

社会工作介入犯罪动机预防的优势与路径探讨

我们当前犯罪预防体系中的难点在于犯罪动机预防方面。主体的缺乏、政策的缺乏、基本模式的缺乏使我们在犯罪动机预防方面始终无法落实。社会工作在犯罪预防特别是动机预防中具有的独特优势,使它能在价值观教育、工作方法、组织机构和人才配置方面等方面使犯罪动机预防落到实处。根据典型的犯罪理论与社会工作理论,社会工作介入犯罪预防可以从系统、控制、增权、断念四个方面入手进行探索。     

浅论犯罪被害预防体系的构建

犯罪被害预防是犯罪预防的一种新思路。本文指出在传统犯罪预防于当今社会受挫的背景下,犯罪被害预防不仅必要且十分可行。犯罪被害预防是一个综合体系,可分为社会被害预防、社区被害预防以及个体被害预防三个体系层次。     

对检察机关预防犯罪工作的思考

近几年，各级检察机关在加大打击贪污、贿赂犯罪力度的同时，积极地开展了贪污、贿赂犯罪的预防工作。不少地方还成立了专门的预防机构，不断地探索预防贪污、贿赂犯罪的新举措，取得一定的预防犯罪的效果。但实践中，对检察机关预防犯罪工作还存在一些需要澄清的认识问题。对此，笔者谈谈自己的看法，供参考。一、检察机关开展犯罪预防工作的法律和理论依据有观点认为，犯罪预防工作没有专门的法律规定，此项工作的开展也无其他法律依据。笔者认为，虽然现在还没有一部专门的预防犯罪的法律规范，但检察机关开展预防犯罪工作是有其充足的法…     

贝卡利亚的犯罪学思想——重读《论犯罪与刑罚》

犯罪原因论与犯罪预防论构成犯罪学的基本框架。贝卡利亚从唯物主义感觉论和机械决定论出发，提出了社会性质的犯罪原因，并据此建立了其犯罪预防论，包括刑罚预防和社会预防两部分。其犯罪原因论和犯罪预防论统一于相同的哲学思想渊源中，内容丰富，逻辑严谨，已基本具备了现代犯罪学理论的完整体系。     

浅析构建和谐社会过程中的犯罪预防模式

在构建和谐社会过程中,犯罪成为实现社会长治久安、人民安居乐业的一个重大障碍,犯罪现象的复杂性和多因性决定了对犯罪的预防应从宏观和微观两方面入手,将短期目标与长远利益相结合,创建出立体多层次的犯罪预防模式。本文在分析我国犯罪现状的基础上,对我国的犯罪预防模式加以构建,认为我国的犯罪预防应建立一般预防与特殊预防相结合,保安处分措施与被害预防为补充的多角度预防模式。     

贪污受贿犯罪潜黑数的预测研究

综观预防犯罪的方式与作法 ,通常来源于事后的统计分析 ,从事后的分析来研究未来的犯罪现象 ,以提出预防措施。但是简单地运用事后统计分析所推测的情况 ,提出犯罪预防措施 ,显然预测指标的灵敏度不高 ,导致预防措施平淡 ,影响犯罪预防的效果。因此贪污受贿犯罪预防工作应定位于犯罪之前 ,并非犯罪之后 (除非再犯罪的预防 )。本文提出犯罪预防正是探讨如何解决这个问题。要做到明确定位科学预防 ,首先要做到科学预测 ,而做到科学预测 ,必须努力探讨科学预测方式方法。本文在预测方面 ,从预测原理、内容、方式等具体方面提出了对贪污受贿犯罪…     

少一些法律，多一些秩序——中西方犯罪预防策略的考察与批评

考察西方犯罪预防策略的变迁，可以发现法律和刑罚在预防策略中具有十分重要的位置。但是20世纪80年代以来，另一种预防思维已经产生，这就是针对犯罪诱因的多机构协作模式，其特点是强调社会政策而非刑罚，强调非法律方法而非法律方法，强调社会秩序而非犯罪控制。考察西方犯罪预防策略的优缺点，可为我国犯罪预防策略提供借鉴。     

试论刑事一体化模式下的犯罪预防

犯罪预防是刑法学尤其是犯罪学中的一项重要命题,对犯罪预防的研究一直都为刑法学家和犯罪学家所重视。而且,开展犯罪预防工作也是刑事立法和司法活动中的重要环节。要行之有效地进行犯罪预防,最重要的莫过于犯罪预防体系的建立。刑事一体化主要是一种认识和处理犯罪和刑罚问题的刑事法研究思路,这种思路付诸于司法实践就要求综合运用刑事法所涵盖的诸多学科知识全方位、多角度地对犯罪和刑罚做出整体的透视,以期获得全面科学的认识,其中就必然包含了犯罪预防方面的内容。     

犯罪情境预防的理论与方法探讨

犯罪情境是一种与犯罪相关联的,可以被犯罪所利用的有利于实施犯罪的各种社会环境因素的总和。犯罪情境预防就是在了解犯罪情境内容基础上,通过研究犯罪主客观情境因素,以社会作为载体和媒介,对犯罪进行预防的理论与方法。采用理论分析和比较的研究方法,将西方“个体——情境”交互作用的理论与我国犯罪预防的实践相结合,或许可以找到适合于我国犯罪情境预防的理论和方法。     

Identifying what works: Recent trends in crime prevention strategies

This paper reviews lessons learned from evaluations of crime prevention programs in the past three decades and discusses how crime prevention approaches have changed in terms of theory, research, evaluation, and public policy. We argue that present strategies of crime prevention may be best understood by tracing the failures of earlier American crime prevention efforts. The paper discusses different types of crime prevention strategies and draws upon examples from developmental, law enforcement, and criminal justice approaches. From this discussion emerges a set of principles for a new approach to crime prevention that is specific in terms of the problems addressed and the contexts examined. The paper concludes with examples of recent crime prevention strategies that utilize these lessons and that appear to have promising effects on crime. While these approaches suggest optimism in terms of the crime prevention potential of new strategies, we urge caution in that these new crime prevention efforts are at an early stage of development. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Centrality of Theory in Modern Day Crime Prevention: Developments,Challenges, and Opportunities

Theory matters in crime prevention. Indeed, but this is hardly the full story. Crime prevention is oftentimes viewed as atheoretical—not grounded in the etiology of crime and offending. Reasons abound for this view, and the recent interest in an evidence-based approach to policy-making has been at the forefront. This article reviews the role that theory plays in modern day crime prevention, with a special focus on the three main crime prevention strategies: developmental, community, and situational. The review identifies a number of key challenges and opportunities for making theory more central to crime prevention. It suggests that the classification system employed in situational crime prevention has allowed for a more explicit connection between sound theory and prevention techniques, and may provide important lessons for developmental and community crime prevention.     

The Market for Scientific Crime Prevention: A Comparative Study of Canada and Venezuela

Crime prevention is an activity that, sooner or later, requires the concourse of science. But the dictates of science may not mesh well with the social, institutional and political considerations that are persistent and powerful determinants of collective action. To the extent that they are ignored, crime prevention is less scientific and more pragmatic. Using a marketing metaphor, this paper examines selected aspects of the supply of and demand for scientific crime prevention in Canada and Venezuela from 1949 to the present. In both countries, academic entrepreneurs are revealed to be a necessary factor in the sale of crime prevention to government. On the demand side, governments adopt and adapt crime prevention policies in relation to their broader perspective on social problems and social change. However, rising crime rates and climates of urgency reduce the attractiveness of crime prevention. Scientific crime prevention is easier to sell when crime rates are stable or declining.     

城市和谐的安全保障：犯罪预防战略措施及其整体优化

犯罪成型是一个发展过程,控制城市犯罪泛滥的预防措施也必须是一个发展过程。必须控制社区解体的速度以及社会成员特别是贫困群体等弱势主体对经济社会变迁的承受度。公民、城市公共场所的管理者、公司、企业、事业单位都有义务根据能力采取适当的情境型犯罪预防措施控制特色的犯罪行为。发展型、社区型、情境型犯罪预防战略措施优化升级的内在要求促使犯罪预防理论与实践思考控制犯罪的全新分析视角。     

Re-imagining crime prevention: controlling corporate crime?

While the discourses and practices of crime prevention are of increasing salience, few criminologists have sought the inclusion of corporate illegalities on such agendas. Relatedly, within criminology, there has been a diminished tendency to think in idealistic, utopian and emancipatory terms. This paper is one small attempt to think in precisely such terms.¹ But it is not an exercise in pure imagination. In particular, the paper makes extended reference to Finland, where recent experience suggests that corporate crime prevention may be feasible, under certain conditions, albeit subject to certain limitations. Thus we consider both the desirability and the feasibility of corporate crime prevention intruding upon the generally narrowly constructed terrain of ‘crime prevention’. We begin with a critique of some of the key aspects of crime prevention discourses – at both theoretical and practical levels – with a particular emphasis upon the extent to which these are both more appropriately and usefully applied to corporate crime prevention, before going on to discuss corporate crime prevention ‘in action’, through a focus upon recent developments in Finland. In a concluding section, we consider various aspects of both the desirability and feasibility of corporate crime prevention.     

A System��s Approach to Crime Prevention: The Case of Macao

Macao has the world’s largest casino industry and represents a unique political, social, and cultural system that differs significantly from Western societies. The overall crime rate in Macao is relatively low. Scholarly knowledge about crime and crime prevention in Macao, however, is very limited. This paper first reviews crime prevention theories, typologies, and various strategies in Western societies, followed by an introduction and discussion of crime prevention practices in Macao. Crime prevention strategies in Macao may be characterized as a tripod structure with three major supporting legs: traditional criminal justice practices, social prevention beyond the criminal justice system, and situational crime prevention measures. The paper then discusses the factors that may contribute to the low level of crime in Macao and points out the direction for future research in Macao.