价值、道德与财富——谈公务员必备的心理素质

公务员队伍的廉政建设是一个热门话题。我们党倡导廉洁,反对腐败,很大程度上就是要净化公务员队伍,使之具有正确的价值观、道德观、财富观。在工作中,履行职责,清正廉洁,公道正派,做到情为民所系,权为民所用,利为民所谋。     

财富、财产权与宪法

从现代宪法的发生学视角出发,通过梳理财产权从古代到现代的两条转化路径,即自然权利路径和普通法路径,阐述了作为现代宪制动力机制的财富和财产权问题,揭示了财富与财产权的认识论和法律观的古今之变,进而论证了财产权是现代宪法的基石,对财产权的保护是现代宪法的核心原则之一。     

Shareholder Primacy and the Distribution of Wealth

In recent years a growing consensus has emerged in favour of the shareholder-oriented model of the corporation. Increasingly, this model is justified not on the basis of shareholder ownership rights but on efficiency grounds: whoever the immediate and direct beneficiaries of shareholder-orientation, it is argued, it ultimately indirectly benefits everyone by ensuring the maximization of aggregate social wealth. The prevalence of this view has caused the distributional dimensions of corporate governance to be neglected. This paper examines the distribution of share ownership and financial wealth in the US and the UK. Although share ownership has become more widely spread, it argues, it remains very heavily concentrated with the result that shareholder primacy is in reality the primacy of a small privileged elite. After an exploration of the contradictions of working class shareholding and the impact of greater shareholder-orientation on the distribution of wealth, the paper concludes by re-evaluating Hansmann and Kraakman's 'end of corporate history' thesis, arguing that recent developments represent a triumph not for efficiency but for the growing power of the shareholder class.     

On Russia's National Wealth : A Discussion

Here we offer our readers some of the presentations made by participants in the first annual Conference on the Assessment of the Value and Management of Russia's National Wealth, which the EastWest Institute held in Moscow. The institute is preparing all the conference materials for publication.     

中国境外间接上市中的财富外流问题

The process of indirect listing overseas of enterprises can easily result in wealth outflow, which has imposed a negative impact on the development of security market, the order of money market and the increase of tax revenue in China. Therefore, the government should exercise necessary regulation on the wealth outflow during indirect listing overseas, and treat state-owned enterprises and private-owned enterprises differently. The fundamental solution to this issue should start from improving domestic financing conditions, improving regulatory system, realizing equal treatment for enterprises and strengthening the legal protection of private property. Fu Jun, Ph.D of law, is an associate professor at University of International Business and Economics, having released over thirty research articles in many academic journals, such as Journal of Chinese Law, Journal of Law, Jurists Review, Modern Law Science, Journal of Law Application, Hebei Law Science, Journal of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Journal of East China University of Political Science and Law, Journal of Jinan University. Moreover, his other publications include monographs, Analysis of Selected Cases on the Letter of Credit of Britain and America (2006), A Study on Corporation Proxy (2005), International financial law (2005). etc.     

社会财富的"第三次分配"及其法律调整

以慈善捐赠事业为主要内容的"第三次分配"在促进我国财富分配的社会公平、增强社会凝聚力和构建和谐社会等方面发挥着十分重要的作用。所谓"第三次分配"是指个人或企业出于自愿,把可支配收入的一部分捐赠出去,建立社会救助、民间捐赠、慈善事业、志愿者行动等多种形式的制度和机制,以实现社会财富的重新配置。近年来,我国慈善事业虽然有了很大发展,但与国外慈善事业发达国家相比,差距仍然很大。"第三次分配"具有民间自发性,但这并不表明政府是无所作为的。政府的作用主要是通过立法加强"第三次分配"的引导,为其创造一个宽松的法制环境,这也是政府义不容辞的责任。而在加强"第三次分配"的法律引导方面,应当充分发挥包括民间法、民法、国家政策法在内的法律的协同调整作用。     

Perceptions of Poverty and Wealth in Western and Post-Communist Countries

This paper analyzes the felt legitimacy of poverty and wealth in the United States, West Germany, The Netherlands, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Russia. Several theories on poverty and wealth perception are discussed; of these, dominant ideology theory has been the most influential. This theory can predict the existence not only of a legitimizing ideology in a society, but also of challenging beliefs that incumbents of specific social positions hold. It is argued that poverty and wealth perceptions are more complex, however, involving at least three latent dimensions. Using data from the International Social Justice Project it is demonstrated that, regarding poverty, individuals distinguish between merited, unmerited, and fatalistic types of poverty. Merited poverty is poverty brought about by the individual's own doing or not doing, unmerited poverty is due to forces external to the individual, whereas fatalistic explanations attribute poverty to ascribed properties of the individual. For wealth also there are three causally relevant factors: in addition to merited und unmerited ones, a social capital factor that sees social contacts as a source for determining economic success. Using a structural equation approach and its group comparison option for comparing countries, the different explanations of poverty and wealth are translated into specific measurement models. Testing simultaneously with linear regression models show how preferences for particular explanations are shaped by stratification-related experiences and by the social position of an observer.     

我国目前贫富差距问题略论

中国在社会现代化进程中已经出现了贫富差距问题,且呈扩大趋势。目前,贫富差距表现出扩大化、阶层化、群体化、两极化、政治化的特点。贫富差距的扩大对经济发展、社会秩序、社会稳定构成了极大危害,必须引起高度重视。贫富差距扩大不是改革的结果,而是改革不到位的结果。坚定不移地深化改革,推进社会现代化进程,是解决贫富差距问题的根本途径。     

论刑法的常识、常情、常理化

刑法的常识、常情、常理化具有必然性和道德性,并有机构成刑法的应有理性,而这将在根本上促进刑法保障人权和保护社会的两个基本价值或机能的实现.刑法的常识、常情、常理化可在刑法立法、刑法司法和刑罚执行环节得到动态性的实现.     

共同受贿犯罪的认定

受贿罪作为典型的身份犯,在司法实践中存在共同受贿犯罪认定困难的情况.本文结合司法实际、受贿罪的特点和共同犯罪的有关理论,对共同受贿犯罪的认定进行较详细的阐述.     

Wealth stratification and reproduction in Northeast China, 1866–1907

Although the importance of material wealth to population growth is the core of Malthusian theory about population dynamics in pre-transitional societies, our understanding of the relationship between wealth and reproductive success in China is still limited. Until recently, there was little in the way of relevant data. In the absence of empirical evidence to the contrary, conceptions of the Chinese demographic regime were largely Malthusian, in that they did not account for the possible role of a fertility-based preventive check. In this study, we examine wealth differentials in reproduction in historical rural China by using newly available longitudinal individual level demographic and household level land holding data for 108,100 immigrants and their descendants living in 120 villages in Shuangcheng, Northeast China, between 1866 and 1907. Our study demonstrates a positive correlation between land holding status and marital fertility among the population under study. In addition, there is also a clear pattern of fertility differentials according to household context and other measures of socioeconomic status. Our findings suggest that these fertility differentials are not only results of certain social institutions and customs but also the consequences of couple's behavior of fertility control in response to socioeconomic and other household conditions.     

The Human Genome as Common Heritage: Common Sense or Legal Nonsense?

This essay identifies two legal lineages underlying the common heritage concept, and applies each to the human genome. The essay notes some advantages and disadvantages of each approach, and argues that patenting of human genes would be allowable under either approach.     

主权财富基金投资准入法律规范研究

近年来主权财富基金投资活动备受国际社会关注,然而关于其投资准入的国内法及国际法规范却凸显局限和缺陷。美国等国设立了专门机构和特别规则以严格限制主权财富基金投资领域及其准入审批标准,而我国目前尚未设置此种专门机构和审批规则,亟需完善;BIT对主权财富基金投资准入的保护存在诸多不足,OECD国家的相关法律规范较之更为完备,表现出相关国际法规范的缺位和不统一。这些都影响了主权财富基金投资流动,故而世界各国需要共同努力完善主权财富基金投资准入规范。