《美墨加协定》对非市场经济国的约束及其合法性研判

作为美国特朗普政府的重要经贸外交成果,《美墨加协定》被称为是美国21世纪贸易协定的新范本。《美墨加协定》延续了美国对贸易对象国进行区别对待的传统,对非市场经济国投资者和国有企业的贸易投资行为进行严格限制,甚至开始在区域层面推广针对非市场经济国的"毒丸"条款,这严重损害了二战以来多边贸易体系中的非歧视待遇原则。《美墨加协定》非市场经济国的特殊规则违反了条约不对第三国施加义务、区域贸易协定应更自由化以及善意原则、禁反言等国际法规范。基于此,应从国际法角度认识并解决《美墨加协定》对非市场经济国的不当约束。作为利益相关方,中国一方面应积极回应所谓"非市场经济国"的指责,另一方面以维持和完善公平竞争秩序的方法推进国内市场经济改革,并以法治的理念深化中国和美洲国家的经贸关系,坚定不移地捍卫全球化。     

浅析苏联出兵东北前后与国共两党的关系

1945年2月美英苏三大国达成的《雅尔塔协定》,促使苏联做出出兵中国东北的决定,而苏联的出兵直接导致《中苏友好同盟条约》的签订。通过该条约,苏联把《雅尔塔协定》中涉及苏联在远东和中国东北权益的条款与中国国民党政府用条约的形式固定下来。《中苏友好同盟条约》是战后中苏关系发展的一块基石。为了实现通过《雅尔塔协定》和《中苏友好同盟条约》所获取的利益,把东北变成苏联的势力范围并防止美国对这一地区的渗透,在出兵东北之后,苏联对国共两党施行了一项"表里不一"的两面政策。这一矛盾的政策对中国革命的发展产生了深刻的影响,并使得国、共、苏三方的关系围绕着东北问题不断变化重组。     

历史性权利、国际法与主权诉求——韩国学者论独岛/竹岛争端

国际法是海洋领土声索的主要依据,历史性权利在海洋法中的地位虽模糊,但也是我国主权声索的重要倚靠。文章通过对韩国有关独岛争端的新近文献的梳理,在国际关系视阈内,以历史性权利为史实分析切入点,推动其与国际法契合。韩国学者基于正史的历史性权利分析显示了韩国长期拥有并捍卫着独岛的主权;还通过引用国际法目的解释原则,解释了《旧金山对日和约》对独岛归属的界定;批判1905年日本吞并独岛的非法性则是将历史性权利融入国际法的典型,这对于我国研究与因应岛屿争端具有借鉴价值。     

《美日归还冲绳协定》私相授受钓鱼岛的非法性

美日私下媾和,签订《美日归还冲绳协定》私相授受钓鱼岛."协定"违反国际法的基本原则,不具备任何法律效力.日本断章取义解读"归还协定",为其窃取他国领土行为欲盖弥彰.协定无论是"托管"还是"归还"条款均存在法理漏洞和破绽,根本改变不了钓鱼岛历来是中国领土的历史事实.     

中欧伙伴关系协定中的"人权条款"问题

中欧目前正在进行<伙伴关系与合作协定>的谈判工作.作为未来中欧关系良性发展的法律基础,新协定将涵盖中欧双边关系的全部领域.人权问题一直是中欧关系中的敏感议题,欧盟期望在新协定中纳入"人权条款".形式上借鉴了国际法规则的"人权条款"是欧共体缔约时必然坚持的一道门槛,兼具制裁和激励的双重功能.参照欧共体以往的缔约经验,结合"人权条款"的具体实践,就法律和政治角度而言,中国在正确认识"人权条款"对欧盟的重要性和潜在法律风险的基础上,有限度地接受"人权条款"似乎利大于弊,较为可行.     

越南投资条约改革及启示

进入21世纪后,越南吸收世界范围的改革经验,并突出东盟特色,对其投资条约进行了改革,成就显著,但改革的系统性、均衡性、发展性尚有欠缺。中越投资条约或需如是完善：及时终止两国1992年双边投资保护条约及其“日落条款”,明确最惠国待遇条款不适用于第三方条约中的程序及实体性规定,以增强系统性;及时回应投资仲裁实践暴露出来的新问题,扩大投资仲裁庭可受理的投资争端范围,以求取均衡性;为东道国和投资者均设定推动可持续发展的条约义务,以培育发展性。     

国际条约在我国国内法上的地位及 与国内法冲突的预防和解决

我国缔结或参加的国际条约在国内法律体系中的地位是: 由全国人大常 委会批准和废除的条约和重要协定与国内一般法律具有同等法律效力,低于根本大 法———《宪法》和基本法律; 由国务院核准的条约和协定,其法律效力与国内行政法规 等同; 而无须全国人大常委会批准或国务院核准的协定,其法律效力与国内规章等 同。这样明确国际条约在我国国内法中的效力等级有利于我国积极主动地捍卫国家 利益,亦符合国际实践的习惯作法。我国制定国内法,同时参与制定国际条约,首先 应避免国际条约与国内法冲突的出现。如果同位的国际条约与国内法潜在着冲突或 已经发生冲突,我国应坚持解释一致原则和条约优先原则去解决冲突。     

中国南海历史性权利探析——以中菲南海仲裁案为视角

中国如何在南海主张不受《海洋法公约》调整的历史性权利,同时又受《公约》尊重,这是一大难题。造成这一困局的原因是中国南海权利主张本身存在两个缺陷:第一,试图以单一的历史性权利规则主张涵盖整个南海海域的权利,未能解决与《海洋法公约》相关条款的冲突。第二,以《海洋法公约》之外的法源主张区别于《公约》的历史性权利,但海洋权利内容又是《公约》框架内的事项,由此又落入《公约》的调整范围。对历史性权利的法源、性质和内容的阐明是中国南海权利主张的症结所在,只有对此作出有别于《公约》权利的主张,才能落入《公约》序言"未予以规定的事项,应继续以一般国际法的规则和原则为准据"的条款中,以此排除《公约》的适用。本文试图对历史性权利做全面解读,以此证实历史性权利是区别于《公约》权利的体系,不受《公约》调整;其次,试图处理历史性权利与《公约》权利的并存关系,以此证实历史性权利受《公约》尊重。     

中国—东盟自由贸易区国际投资条约的冲突与协调

在中国—东盟自由贸易区内存在多层级的国际投资条约的适用问题。有的投资条约侧重投资自由化,有的注重对投资的保护,强调投资保护和强调投资自由化之间存在着潜在的冲突。这些条约的缔约国在履行双重条约义务时就难免会发生冲突。就条约具体条款而言,存在实体性规则的冲突和程序性规则的冲突。对于条约冲突的解决可以运用动态的条约解释方法和条约自身的冲突条款予以解决。但条约冲突是一个复杂问题,没有一个简单的方法就可以解决所有冲突,我们只能减少条约的冲突而不能消除所有冲突。     

南海仲裁案所涉历史性权利问题裁决的国际法批判

南海仲裁案仲裁庭作出的最终裁决否定了中国在南海的历史性权利。就管辖权而言,仲裁庭的管辖权缺乏依据,因为其裁决不仅以对中国历史性权利主张性质错误的认定为基础,而且对《联合国海洋法公约》第298条的解释和适用存在问题。就实体事项而言,仲裁庭选择以适用《联合国海洋法公约》第311条有关规则为起点,其分析框架缺乏坚实的法理基础,对《联合国海洋法公约》有关条款和相关国际司法和仲裁实践的解释,有失偏颇,结论荒谬,不符合《维也纳条约法公约》关于条约解释的规则。仲裁庭对中国历史性权利证据采用双重标准,忽视了中国渔民发现、开发、利用南海岛礁的行为与有关海域的开发和利用行为密不可分,从而歪曲和否定中国在南海的历史性权利主张。仲裁庭上述裁决预设立场,偏袒菲律宾,显失公平,既不合法,又无正当性。     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

中巴关系的发展及其认识误区（英文）

China and Brazil established a strategic partnership in 1993. The bilateral ties have seen rapid development in almost all areas. However, there are eight myths surrounding the China-Brazil relations. These myths are the result of a lack of mutual understanding as well as the misconceptions result misconceptions of the western observers and media. These misunderstandings have of have jeopardized images of the China-Brazil relations and also hindered further development of their bilateral relationship.     

中国的“主场外交”:机遇、挑战与任务（英文）

The successful hosting of the CICA summit has drawn great attention The attention to China's "host diplomacy". Analyzing new features of China's "host to "host diplomacy" during this new period, this paper will look at the opportunities and challenges facing China's "host diplomacy" and discuss the problems that China should address in order to do a better job in this regard and bring its "host diplomatic advantages" into full play.     

亚洲整体性崛起及其效应(英文)

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the overall rise of the Asian geographic plate has been particularly prominently. The overall rise of Asia reflects the improvement of a large number of developing countries in Asia. The long-occupied aggressive status of the United States and Europe is weakening, and the overall rise of Asia appears more highlighted, and its impact upon the world seems more intense.     

CAFIU Convenes the 11~(th) Council Meeting in Beijing

正On the morning of April 2,2014,CAFIU held the 11th Executive Council Meeting in Beijing.Present at the Meeting were Member of the Politburo of the 17th CPC Central Committee and Vice-Chairman of the 11th CPPCC National Committee Mr.Wang Gang,ViceChairman of the 11th NPC Standing Committee and President of CAFIU Mr.Zhou Tienong,ViceChairpersons of the NPC Standing Committee Mme     

Speech by Honorary President Zhou Tienong at the 11~(th) Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU (Excerpt)

正I am very pleased to attend the 11th Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU,and would like to express my hearty congratulations to President Yan Junqi,the new leadership and the newly-elected Executive Council.I also want to express my sincere thanks for choosing me to be the Honorary President of CAFIU!     

Name-list of Members of the Standing Committee of the (11)~th Executive Council (in alphabetical order of the surname's first letter)

正I.Political Parties and Government Sector Lu Yan Director,Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce Tong Guili Member,Standing Committee of the CPC Municipal Committee of Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province Secretary,CPC Working Committee,Administrative Commission for the Sci-Tech and Innovation Industrial Park in west Hangzhou City     

FES Head of Department for International Development Cooperation Visits China

正At the invitation of CAFIU,Mme.Christiane Kesper,Director of the Department for International Development Cooperation of Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung of Germany(FES)visited China from Oct.9 to 14.During the stay in Beijing,Mr.Li Jinjun,Vice-Minister of IDCPC and Executive Vice-President of CAFIU met with     

Neighboring NGO Delegation Visiting China

正At the invitation of CAFIU,a 13-member neighboring NGO delegation composed of representatives from media and think tanks from Nepal and the Philippines visited China from October 25 to November 5.During its stay in China,CAFIU Vice-President Ai Ping met with the delegation.CAFIU Secretary-General Ni Jian,Deputy SecretaryGeneral Liu Kaiyang had working talks