清末民法学的输入与传播

1 90 2至 1 91 1年间西方民法学通过日本的媒介在中国传播 ,来华的日本学者、各种公私法政学堂学生与留日学生以及民间机构 ,通过编译和创办法科教育引进日本民法学 ,中国学者在这个时期基本完成了吸收、消化和创立自己的法学概念体系的过程。     

中国民法和民法学的现状与展望

本文对改革开放以来中国近30年的民事法律立法进程以及与此相关的民法理论研究之发展进行了宏观性的描述,并在此基础上对中国民法和民法学可能已经形成或者正在形成的中国特色进行一些探讨,对其未来的发展走向作出大致的预测。认为中国的民事立法和主流民法理论已经开创了一条有别于民商合一与民商分立的折中立法模式的第三条道路并将继续沿着这条道路继续前行;随着民事立法从粗放向细密复杂转型,在范式上需要实现由立法论向解释论的转型;民法学作为学术将会沿着科学理性主义方向和强调中国特色的实用主义方向发展,这两个方向会彼此影响和渗透,但是不会彼此取代。     

民法学

<正> 我国经济体制改革的深入进行,为我国民法学的大发展提供了契机,而我国民法学的研究,则总是把握着时代发展的脉搏,拓宽视野,潜心研究调整我国平等主体间的财产关系和人身关系的法律机制,为我国民事立法、司法提供正确的理论指导. 一、怡然回首:成果丰硕的1989-1991年两年来的民法学研究,有以下特点: 第一,重视     

对中国民法学学术路向的初步思考——过分侧重制度性研究的缺陷及其克服

我国以往的民法学研究,呈现出的特点之一就是过分侧重制度性研究。这一研究模式有其存在的必要性,同时也存在一定的缺陷。未来的制度性研究应当是采用了体系化思考方法的制度性研究,应当是面向其他学科的研究方法和研究成果开放的制度性研究,而非单纯采用法律的逻辑分析方法的制度性研究。     

中国民法学60年发展的启示

中国民法学60年的发展给我们诸多启示。在各个关健的时期,民法学者都能坚持独立的学术品格,这是民法学发展的学术基础。独立主体之间的平等关系即市民社会关系的存在和发展是民法存在和发展的基本条件,也是民法学发展的基本条件。正是改革开放,促使民法学不断发展。民法的研究充分吸收和借鉴他人的最新成果,立足现实,放眼未来,勇于创新,百家争鸣,使民法学的发展充满活力。     

19世纪德国人格权理论之辩

19世纪德国人格权理论硕果累累,其发展道路虽曲折,但学者多赞同之。日耳曼法学派是德国人格权理论的完成者,基尔克创建了完整的人格权理论体系。相关理论在德国民法典立法过程中被反复论辩,然最终却被放弃,此为潘德克吞法学形式逻辑的败笔。     

民法学科学化的反思

本文沿着历史分析的思路 ,试图对“民法学是科学吗”这一问题做出回答。本文在对科学进行界定的基础上 ,指出民法发展史中蕴含着科学化这条线索 ,然后对民法学科学化的成因、评价和存在的基本悖论进行反思 ,最后指出民法学是不是科学是个态度问题。     

民法学本科教学方法探析

只有明确民法教学目标,热爱学生与民法教学工作,合理地安排课堂教学,培养学生民法思维,以法条与规则为中心加强实践教学,才可以很好地完成民法学本科的教学任务。     

民法学总论与民法总则之互动——一种历史的考察

从民法学总论与民法总则的互动关系可以看出,并非近代德国学者创立了民法学总论,早在古罗马法学家著作中就存在民法学总论的理论。这种总论在德国法族国家发展成了民法典上的总则,在拉丁法族国家发展成了民法典上的序题。这两种现代的民法总则模式沿着不同的方向发展:德国式的总则越来越民法化,拉丁式的序题越来越跨部门法化。这也说明了德国式的民法总则是对罗马法蓝本的发展。     

繁荣发展中的中国民法学

2006年的中国民法学在各个方面呈现了繁荣发展的局面,尤其围绕着物权立法和相关理论问题展开了激烈的讨论,其中涉及到物权法的合宪性、物权法定原则及其缓和、所有权的平等保护、登记制度等。此外,在法学方法论、民法典体系与总则、人格权法、合同法和侵权法等重要部门法中都出现了新的理论观点,尤其在侵权法领域,随着立法工作的推进,围绕着侵权法立法模式、归责原则、具体侵权形态出现了较多的学术成果。青年学者的大量涌现,也反映了我国民法学的日益繁荣。但学术成果仍有一些浮躁的痕迹。     

Civil Wrongs: Personal Injury Law in the Late 19th Century

This is a report of data drawn from a study of personal injury actions in the Superior Court of Alameda County, California, and in the federal district court for Northern California, for the period 1880–1900. Tort actions, in this period, were relatively uncommon compared to the number of accidents. The most frequent type of action was against common carriers—railroads and street railways. Malpractice actions were rare. Most fired cases were settled or dropped out before full trial and jury verdict. Though plaintiffs won damages in most jury cases, the overall finding is that the system provided little compensation for most victims of accidents. Tort law and practice disfavored passengers less than employees or "trespassers." Three types of barrier blocked the path to compensation: legal doctrines which made recovery difficult; an accident-compensation system which, especially for workers, discouraged enforcement of claims; and the legal culture, which was a culture of low expectations.     

十九世纪末二十世纪初人权语词在中国的使用

一百年前的1908年,清朝政府在各种压力之下,权衡利弊,颁行了《钦定宪法大纲》,从而开创了中国立宪之路,同时也开启了中国的宪政之路。但是,宪法、宪政毕竟是舶来品,在与中国特定国情相结合过程中,产生了种种的理论上的激烈争论;亦在实现宪政之路上出现了种种的曲曲折折。当然,中国要实现宪政、必然要实现宪政,这是历史之大势,浩浩荡荡,奋勇向前,应当是毋庸置疑的。在《钦定宪法大纲》颁行一百年之际,反思清末的立宪与中国的宪政之路,无疑是一件有意义的事情。     

The Short-Lived Influence of the Napoleonic Civil Code in 19th Century Greece

During the Greek War of Independence (1821–1827) from the Ottomans—which had a nationalistic and liberal character—and for the first decades after the liberation, a number of liberal French-educated politicians and scholars attempted unsuccessfully to introduce the Napoleonic Civil Code (or some clone of it) as the Greek Civil Code. Despite the fertile political and intellectual ground for such an introduction, they failed to achieve their goal due to the temporary introduction of Justinian's Roman law as the Greek civil law. This led the Greek academic community to Pandektenrecht and the predominance of the 19th century German legal theory (boosted by its organized propagation on the part of a number of German-educated legal scholars).     

萨维尼对19世纪英美法学的影响

萨维尼作为19世纪德国最伟大的法学家,他的学说理论通过其著作在英美的翻译和传播,不仅在大陆法系国家,而且对英美法系国家也产生了很大的影响。特别是在19世纪英国历史法学派的产生,美国南北战争后关于法典编纂的讨论,19世纪英国和美国大学法律教育的改革,以及美国司法实践等方面,萨维尼所产生的影响都为其他大陆法系国家的法学家所不及。个中原因是多方面的,既有萨维尼个人声望的原因,法律历史观在19世纪的兴起,但更重要的还是两大法系之间逐渐产生的互相交流的趋势。考察萨维尼对当时英美法学的影响,就是对两大法系之间长期存在的学术交流的一个有力例证。     

"My'Partner'in Law and Life": Marriage in the Lives of Women Lawyers in Late 19th and Early 20th Century America

This essay examines the ways in which women lawyers of two generation–the pioneer generation of the 1880s and the "new woman" generation of the 1910s–confronted the dilemma of marriage and career. Members of the Equity Club in the 1880s revealed three distinct sets of attitudes toward balancing marriage and career: the separatist approach that a professional woman must remain single; the Victorian attitude that a married woman must sacrifice her career; and the integrated approach that a woman could have both marriage and career. Women lawyers surveyed by the Bureau of Vocational Information in 1920 revealed that the "new woman" generation of women lawyers lived in an era of transition. While they shared the same separatist, Victorian, and integrated views toward marriage and law practice as did women lawyers in the 1880s, they also embraced the new values of the early 20th century which shaped both the contours of the legal profession and the parameters of women's lives. Set within the context of the new values of the era, the separatist, Victorian, and integrated approaches to resolving the dilemma of marriage and career, which were originally formulated by women lawyers in the late 19th century, assumed new meanings for women lawyers in the early 20th century.     

The Emergence of a European Private Law: Lessons from 19th Century Germany

As regards the emergence of a European private law in our time,this article shows that lessons can be learnt from the historyof unification of regionally defined private law in the GermanConfederation (1815–1866). An important lesson is thatthe Europeanization of private law will be anything but a spontaneousprocess. Moreover, like the members of the German Confederationalmost 200 years ago, the members of the current European Unionwill not have an equal say in the debate about unification ofprivate law. Now, as then, economic interdependencies betweenthe respective members will come into play. That is to say,the members the economies of which are relatively less dependentupon the economies of other members than vice versa are poisedto have a larger say in the debate.     

德国法上对格式条款的规制 --《一般交易条件法》及其变迁

前　言格式合同是现代社会许多领域交换形式的主流。格式合同冲击了意思自治、公平、诚实信用等基本原则 ,但其发展势头十分可观。〔 1〕 格式合同的采用 ,简化了交易谈判的手续 ,节省了交易成本与费用 ,加快了交易的流转 ,从经济学的角度而言具有无可比拟的优势 ;但格式合同从     

German Constitutional Law: The Protection of Civil Liberties

Netherlands International Law Review -     

德国民法上的公法人制度研究

德国法上的公法人包括公法社团、公营造物和公法财团三种.对于公法人在私法领域的活动范围的限制,应当采代理权限制说.公法人实施私法行为时,应当适用私法,且法人依章程任命的代理人的行为被看作法人自己的行为.另外,有破产能力的公法人的董事有义务申请该公法人进入破产程序,否则要对债权人因迟延申请所造成的损害承担责任.德国公法人理论对于我国公法人制度的借鉴意义为:帮助我们对我国法上的公法人进行分类整理;公法人从事目的范围外的活动,应当认定为法人代表人没有相应的代表权;承认一定范围的公法人具有破产能力并强化董事等申请破产的义务;通过扩大"法定代表人"的内涵,来解决所谓的"职务代理"问题.