Abstracts

In recent years, the strategic values of the Arctic are increasingly recognized by the international community. The development of the Arctic is becoming the focus of interested parties. The sense and mechanism of cooperation among Arctic states themselves, as well as between Arctic and non-Arctic states, are gradually improving. However, contradictions and conflicts among related parties are not easy to eliminate. The role and influence of multilateral cooperation mechanism, such as the Arctic Council, is significantly enhanced. The Arctic Economic Council is to be established. Taking into consideration the above trends of the Arctic, the author puts forward his suggestions on China＇s participation in Arctic affairs. First, view opportunities and challenges that China faces regarding its participation in Arctic affairs in a rational and objective way, stick to the status of ＂near-Arctic State＂ and Arctic stake-holder as well as ＂Three Adherence＂ in Arctic affairs. Second, continue to establish and improve bilateral and multilateral platforms for Arctic cooperation, make good use of accredited observer status in the Arctic Council to involve deeply in Arctic cooperation and enhance Arctic scientific research. Third, formulate comprehensive and systematic Arctic policy, promote Arctic public diplomacy. Lastly, participate in Arctic developments in a cautious and trustworthy way, and make contributions to the peace, stability and sustainable development of the Arctic.     

Abstracts

Seize and Exploit the Important Strategic Opportunity of China＇s, Development
The period of the ＂12th Five Year Plan＂ is key to China＇s effort to build the all-round well-off society, to deepen reform and opening-up, and to accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development. By analyzing the new changes of the situation home and abroad, the CPC Central Committee has made two judgments： ＂China is still dwelling in the period of important strategic opportunity＂ and ＂China is facing both precious historic opportunities and challenges both predictable and unpredictable＂.     

Abstracts

Reflections on Current Upheavals in the Middle East WANG Jian （1） The upheavals in the Middle East, considering its current nature and actual situation, can be termed as a popular social movement, where there has not been radical social transformation by seizure of power. Popular social movements, critically dependent on the future political course, could be gradually revolutionized. Although external factors have undeniably played certain roles in the current upheavals in the Middle East, internal structural conflicts are essentially accountable, namely, rigid authoritarian regime, ability structure of population growth and dependence structure in economy.     

Abstracts

European and U.S. Responses to China＇s Rise： Theory, Strategy, and Interaction
ZHAO Huaipu ＆ WANG Zhenling
In recent years, whether China can rise peacefully has been a central topic in the policy-making circles and academia of Europe and the United States. IR theorists of different schools have analyzed this topic through their respective paradigmatic prisms, and offered their suggestions on how to respond to China＇s rise. Theoretical debates have influenced and even guided the formulation of EU and American strategies on China＇s rise, as the elements of power, institution, culture and international community are all embedded in their specific strategies and policy responses. However, due to differences in their behavior, values, and soft and hard powers, they differ in the combination of theoretical elements in their strategies. As a result, even though the U.S. and the EU have similar goals regarding China＇s rise, their approaches are very different. With new changes in the international situation in the past few years, the EU and the U.S. have strengthened their interaction and coordination in their responses to China＇s rise. But because of insufficient hard power on the part of the EU and the differences in transatlantic Asia strategies, cooperation on their China strategies is still limited. China should support and push for stronger trilateral interaction and coordination, as this will help lessen joint pressure from the two and enhance China＇s influence in the international system.     

Abstracts

GERALDINE LIEVESLEY

The USA's occupation of the naval base of Guantánamo Bay on Cuba and its use of the facility as a detention centre for suspects detained during its war on terror is used as a metaphor for Washington's historical interventions into the affairs of Cuba and also the rest of Latin and Central America. This article considers the relationship between the USA and Cuba and particularly the influence extended by Cuban-American émigrés over the formation of Washington's policies towards the island. It is particularly concerned with how the neoconservative administration of George W. Bush has sought to intensify the aggressive position adopted by successive presidents and, within the wider context, how it has used its pursuit of national security interests in the post-9/11 world to attempt to impose its imperial ambition upon both Cuba and the rest of the region.