Are there really two cultures? A pilot study on the application of qualitative and quantitative methods in political science

In their 2012 publication A Tale of Two Cultures, Gary Goertz and James Mahoney argue that empirical research in the social sciences aiming at causal inference can be differentiated into a qualitative and a quantitative methodological culture. The two cultures differ fundamentally in how researchers approach and implement empirical studies. The argument is well laid out and comprehensively illustrated, but the empirical validity of the two cultures hypothesis has not yet been evaluated systematically. This note introduces a research project that aims to test the two cultures hypothesis via an empirical analysis of how qualitative and quantitative methods are applied. To determine whether there is a qualitative and quantitative method culture, the researchers initially sampled 30 articles from three journals (Comparative Political Studies, European Journal of Political Research, World Politics) in the 2008–2012 period. Based on this dataset, no evidence was found for the existence of coherent systems of methods practices in political science.     

关于社会科学中量化研究的深层思考

在量化研究中,研究者通常从特定的研究假设出发,通过对抽象概念的操作化定义确定变量,并运用问卷、量表、结构式访谈与观察等方法收集资料,然后进行统计分析来检验研究假设。本文旨在探讨量化研究的本体论前提,并从认识论和方法论视角分析量化研究中的可靠性和有效性问题。     

Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Methods? Methodological Games and Role Play

In terms of gamification within political science, some fields—particularly international relations and American politics—have received more attention than others. One of the most underserved parts of the discipline is research methods; a course that, coincidentally, is frequently cited as one that instructors hate to teach and students hate to take. Given the well-documented merits of games in promoting student engagement and the key role of methods as a building block to student understanding of political science, this article attempts to rectify this oversight by introducing three games—Zendo, Murder Mystery, and the Archeologist’s Quandary— geared at teaching key concepts and approaches in research methods.     

陕西省循环经济发展量化研究

随着资源和环境对经济发展的约束作用日益显现,全球范围内已逐步对可持续发展有了深入的体认。故而,基于此一理念的循环经济正逐步取代传统的已高消耗、高污染为表征的经济发展模式。本文基于经济和环境、能源、人口四者之间的量化分析,基本判断出陕西省的经济发展模式正处于在可持续发展理念指导下的向循环经济模式转型期,从而对我省的循环经济、生态文明建设提出对策。     

Public Inquiry Methods,Processes and Outputs: an Epistemological Critique

Public inquiries are an important phenomenon in modern British society, often used to address controversial or difficult issues of major concern to policy makers, the media and the public. Although people often comment adversely on how costly inquiries are and how long they take, inquiry methods are rarely discussed, let alone critiqued or challenged. However, from a social sciences perspective, inquiry methods, processes and outputs are often at odds with accepted standards for research methods. This paper discusses this divergence and the implications for how we should regard the inquiry as a way of knowing, or learning.     

政治科学预测方法研究——以选举预测为例

预测是人类的基本认知活动。作为社会科学预测性研究的重要领域,选举预测是促进政治学理论和方法创新的动力。选举预测不仅限于民调,科学的选举预测可以划分为四类范式:意见聚合范式;模型范式;混合范式;大数据范式。每类范式包含若干种预测方法,不同预测方法在准确性、超前性、解释力、可重复性、中立性和预测成本等评判标准上各具优势,预测方法的选择是基于预测目标和应用场景的综合权衡。目前,选举预测领域呈现多元化、交叉互补、跨学科的发展趋势;其未来发展方向是“理论驱动”与“数据驱动”相结合、微观预测变量与宏观预测变量相结合、预测与解释相结合,以政治科学为基础,通过跨学科合作和前沿技术手段推进预测范式的创新,并在预测实践中不断更新升级。预测性研究与解释性研究可以构成“双螺旋”的共生互补关系,共同致力于增进人类对复杂政治活动的理解和研判,提升政治学研究的科学水平和政策应用价值。     

中国古代妇女史研究的范式转移与问题意识

由于观念以及历史的原因,学界对于中国古代妇女史的研究长期处于低谷,但伴随着19世纪末西学东渐思潮以及西方女权主义思想的冲击,这一领域的研究逐渐升温,并在19世纪末至20世纪初、20世纪中期至70年代、20世纪80年代至今这三个大的历史时期内分别产生了不同的研究范式和问题意识。而这些研究范式和问题意识的不断推进和深化,不仅有助于我们重新理解历史中的女性,更有助于我们重新审视历史和历史进程,从而带动我们重新理解这个不仅仅属于男性,同时也属于女性的共同世界。     

The contested nature of political leadership in the European Union: conceptual and methodological cross-fertilisation

Abstract

European leaders have struggled to find common responses to the polycrisis the EU is facing. This crisis of leadership makes it urgent that scholars provide a better understanding of the role and impact of leadership in EU politics and policy making. This article prepares the ground for a collection of contributions that addresses this need by strengthening old and building new bridges between the academic domains of European studies and leadership studies. It opens with a discussion of the contested concept of leadership in the context of the European polity and politics, challenging the conventional view that leadership is necessarily a matter of hierarchy. Moreover, it argues that rather than leaderless, the EU is an intensely ‘leaderful’ polity. Subsequently, this introduction identifies four key debates in contemporary EU leadership research and discusses the value and insights the contributions in this special issue bring to these debates.     

1994-2007年国内公开发表有关眼动论文的统计分析

目的运用文献计量学的方法对1994-2007年我国眼动研究论文进行统计、分析,研究探讨我国眼动研究的现状及其发展趋势。方法以中国期刊网(下称CNKI)为检索数据源,检索有关尘眼动究论文。结果以"眼动"为关键词,出版年限定在1994-2007年进行检索,检索出14年间国内公开发表的眼动研究文献共173篇,文献主要分布在心理与行为研究、心理科学等56种心理学、教育学专业期刊上。对所检出的结果进行文献计量分析。主要项目包括论文分析、论文作者所在系统分析、论文主题内容分析。结论我国近14年来在眼动研究方面获得了稳步发展,呈现出迅速增长势头。研究领域非常广泛,涉及阅读、问题解决、工程心理、体育心理、病理心理、广告心理、仪器设备等7个方面。但是在眼动研究领域所表现的一些薄弱环节需要在今后的工作中进一步加强。     

西方领导研究百年回顾与展望

本文回顾了在西方领导研究的百年历史中涌现出的影响深远的重要理论成果,然后在此基础上概括出领导研究的范式及理论框架,提出了领导学研究中存在的重要问题,并展望了其未来的发展方向.     

电子资源利用及相关服务的调查与分析

从读者对电子资源的认识了解程度有限、图书馆电子资源的利用率偏低的现象入手分析,总结出了解读者的需求,培训要有针对性和特色性,做好馆藏电子资源的宣传和发布工作,提供多种多样方便灵活的服务方式是数字化图书馆发展的基础。     

我国测谎技术的生理心理学研究综述

我国“测谎”技术的生理心理学研究集中在多道心理测试技术研究和脑电波测试技术研究两个方面,两者各有优点与不足,并都易受多种因素的影响。尽快确立测谎的统一标准和指标是发展我国的“测谎”技术亟待解决的问题。     

Social Policy and the Authority of Evidence

The growing call for social policy to be evidence‐based implies that ‘evidence’ possesses an intrinsic authority. Much of the evidence used by governments to formulate or evaluate social policy is signified through statistics and the language of quantification. Evidence presented in this way has the appearance of certainty and a legitimacy that seems beyond challenge. Having an appreciation of the history and sociology of the ‘science of the state’, as statistics was originally defined, helps demystify the authority of social statistics. This enables policy‐makers and program administrators to better discern the policy merit of numerical evidence.     

高校科研经费监管中存在的问题及对策

高校科研经费管理是高校管理的一项重要内容,科研项目经费管理的水平和程度直接制约着科研管理水平。高校科研经费管理面临着科研项目在预算初始就严格细化,预算的刚性过强,阶段性的预算调整申请无人受理,在结题审计时出现差异即被认定违规等问题,科研经费管理过程中忽视了科研活动本身具有的不确定性和不可预见性。因此,有必要构建完整系统的高校科研经费管理体系,提高科研经费的使用效率,积极推动高校科研项目实行全成本核算。     

开放复杂巨系统理论的哲学探索

钱学森在系统科学的研究中,与国内外同行比较居于光荣的学术地位.他所提出的开放的复杂巨系统理论和从定性到定量综合集成方法对马克思主义哲学作出了一系列重要的理论贡献.从辩证发展的观点看,钱学森的这种理论和方法论也需要继续前进和完善.     

体态与足迹足长、足宽的关系研究

足是人身体的一部分。每个人的头、躯干、四肢都是按一定比例生长的,所以,人的体态与足之间会存在一定的关系,根据这个关系我们可以实验总结出利用足迹分析体态的诸多方法。通过在本单位收集大量平面足迹样本,对足迹样本的足长、足宽和捺印人的体重进行测量、记录,运用excel软件建立足迹数据和体态的一元线性回归关系,针对方程的回归显著性进行相应的F检验,为本单位和友邻单位利用现场足迹分析体态提供可靠依据。     

科研项目诚信保证金制度建设之构想

诚信保证金制度旨在通过科研主体的自我承诺和第三人监督,从制度、道德、文化多个层面来强化科研主体的责任感,净化科研群体的纯洁度,全面构建科研诚信体系,塑造公平、有序、良好的科研环境。作为承诺制度的重要组成部分,科研项目诚信保证金制度有明确的经济鼓励和惩罚作用,也对科研诚信信息体系提供了科研诚信行为的基本素材。诚信保证金可以设立两种管理模式,一是遵循我国目前科研经费管理模式不变,仍然由科研项目管理机构在科研项目的经费中专设一定比例的保证金,专项管理。二是在科研项目管理机构外设置科研诚信审查机构。