Maybe a new killer in illicit cocaine

This is the study of the author that refers about a case of a 46 years old man found dead inside his house, the death was related to cocaine intake. The police found the corpse laying in his bed with a sheet of newspaper rolled up and a few plastic coverings containing trace of cocaine on the desk. Toxicological analysis was performed and drug levels measured by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technology. Based on the autopsy findings and toxicological results the cause of death was related to an acute intoxication due to cocaine "overdose". In addition to the presence of cocaine and smaller alkaloids, in the sheet made of newspaper rolled up and eluted of the nasal mucosas has been highlighted the presence of 2,6-disopropylnaphtalene (2,6-DIPN), a fungicidal pesticide very health hazard for human. A very easy, simple and selective gas chromatography mass spectrometry method was employed for the detection of 2,6-DIPN in the cocaine powder.     

Dreams and Nightmares of Liberal International Law: Capitalist Accumulation,Natural Rights and State Hegemony

This article develops a line of theorising the relationship between peace, war and commerce and does so via conceptualising global juridical relations as a site of contestation over questions of economic and social justice. By sketching aspects of a historical interaction between capitalist accumulation, natural rights and state hegemony, the article offers a critical account of the limits of liberal international law, and attempts to recover some ground for thinking about the emancipatory potential of international law more generally.     

Taking the Land into their Hands: The Landless Workers' Movement and the Brazilian State

Institution and constitution building are very much in evidence and continue to lie at the heart of contemporary international governance programmes. The paper explores the underlying limitations of legality and associated institutional frameworks in the light of one of the most significant and, apparently, successful transitions to democracy of recent times, that of Brazil. Against the background of struggles over land, the paper discusses the actions of two leading state institutions specifically charged with implementing the 1988 Constitution, and a social movement, the Landless Workers Movement, which uses mass direct action techniques to demand implementation. Although the study highlights the profound limitations of formal legal processes and institutions, and stresses their socially and politically embedded nature, it also affirms the historical and contemporary significance of the realm of legality in the construction and reproduction of social struggles.     

Demystifying "oxi" cocaine: Chemical profiling analysis of a "new Brazilian drug" from Acre State

Recent information from various sources suggests that a new illicit drug, called "oxi", is being spread across Brazil. It would be used in the smoked form and it would look like to crack cocaine: usually small yellowish or light brown stones. As fully released in the media, "oxi" would differ from crack cocaine in the sense that crack would contain carbonate or bicarbonate salts whereas "oxi" would include the addition of calcium oxide and kerosene (or gasoline). In this context, this work presents a chemical profiling comparative study between "oxi" street samples seized by the Civil Police of the State of Acre (CP/AC) and samples associated with both international and interstate drug trafficking seized by the Brazilian Federal Police in Acre (FP/AC). The outcome of this work assisted Brazilian authorities to stop inaccurate and alarmist releases on this issue. It may be of good use by the forensic community in order to better understand matters in their efforts to guide local law enforcement agencies in case such claims reach the international illicit market.     

对所谓"债权物权化"的思考--以"买卖不破租赁"为例

买卖不破租赁可以说已经成为学术界和实务界的共识,也成为学者们提出或支持所谓债权物权化的主要依据.本文从对债权和物权的分析及对买卖和租赁的比较入手,通过还租赁以其本来面目来否定债权物权化这一命题,驳斥传统的观点.     

经济转型时期物权立法的一面镜子——以俄罗斯的国家所有权立法为鉴

俄罗斯对国家所有权的规定体现了其社会转型的特点。它赋予国家所有权与其他种类所有权平等的法律地位,实现了国家所有权主体和客体的多元化。在国家所有权的实现方式上采用了两种不同的权利安排:一是对国有单一制企业和机构保留国家的所有权,该单一制企业和机构本身享有他物权性质的经营权和业务管理权;二是通过法人所有权作为一种中介性概念实现国家所有权。此外,俄罗斯国家所有权的取得方式、消灭和保护也都有自己的特点。我国要坚持社会主义方向,国家所有权的意义自然与俄罗斯不同,但物权法也应设计出最适合自己国情的国家所有权制度。     

媒介传播时态下的“微政治”：基本认知与中国语境

自媒体作为典型的媒介传播正在以一种前所未见的技术力量深刻地塑造着后传统社会的生态与情境,并将人类带入了微政治的全新时代。微政治不是传统的阶级政治,它是以网络传媒为代表的新兴技术力量嵌入并塑造的社会;是将普通人的日常事务纳入政策关切,从而带来治理结构转型的一场政治社会运动。微政治也对中国的社会政治结构变迁提出了挑战。     

日本知识产权立国论评介

日本首相小泉纯一郎 2 0 0 2年 2月 4日在第 15 4届国会上发表施政演说时提出要将战略性地保护和利用知识产权、加强日本企业的国际竞争力以后 ,日本成立了知识产权战略会议 (2 0 0 2年 3月 )。该会提出了知识产权立国论 ,制定出《知识产权战略大纲》(2 0 0 2年 7月 ) ,国会还通过了《知识产权基本法》(2 0 0 2年 11月 )。设立了知识产权战略本部 (2 0 0 3年 3月 ) ,推出了《有关知识产权创造、保护及其利用的推进计划》(日本知识产权界称之为“知识产权战略推进计划” ,以下简称“推进计划”)。在短短的一年半时间里 ,日本政府已从提出政策…     

试论《新中国未来记》中梁启超的民族国家思想

梁启超的<新中国未来记>是一部体裁模糊的作品,它有小说的外壳,却内含大篇幅的政论.其中,黄克强和李去病之间的辩论是全文的一大焦点.作品中有对未来中国的想象,也有对现实中国的描述,更有采用两位主人公激烈辩论的方式探讨如何改变中国现状,无论是从形式还是从内客看,他并没有全盘接受西方民族国家思想,而是清醒地意识到中国国民的精神状态与民族国家的基本要求存在着巨大的差距,力图通过国民精神价值的重建而为政治理想的实现找到一条道路.由是现之,<新中国未来记>充分体现了梁启超的民族国家思想.     

State responses to the malpractice insurance "crisis" of the 1970s: an empirical assessment

Almost all states enacted legislation in response to the rapid rise in malpractice insurance premiums which occurred during the mid-1970s. After describing the types of statutory changes enacted, this study evaluates the influence of these changes on levels and growth of premiums paid by general practitioners, ophthalmologists, and orthopedic surgeons during 1974-78. The empirical results of the study presented here give no indication that individual state legislative actions, or actions taken collectively, had their intended effects on premiums. Several explanations for this result are explored.     

State action antitrust immunity for public hospitals: it depends on what you mean by "foreseeable"

The Supreme Court's refusal to hear an appeal from the Fifth Circuit's ruling on the application of state action antitrust immunity doctrine leaves a split in the circuits as to the proper test to apply to determine antitrust immunity for public hospitals. The circuits have either adopted a "foreseeable conduct from state policy" approach or a "policy from foreseeable conduct" approach. This Article analyzes the approaches and demonstrates that the "foreseeable conduct from state policy" approach is the better of the two methods.     

文化转向：心理学发展的新契机

心理学的化转向犹如平行于认知革命的一场化革命，对心理学的发展产生了全面而深刻的影响。从化视角透视人的心理，拓宽了心理学的研究视野；以化为主线贯穿心理学的研究领域，开辟了心理学研究的新航向；倡导多种心理化的差别共存，为心理学的繁荣友展及最终的多样性统一提供了一种新思路。     

Discretionary Justice: Decision Making in a State Juvenile Parole Board

The literature in Criminal Justice is replete with commentary on both the virtues and injustices associated with adult parole board decision-making. There has been far less attention paid to juvenile parole boards in part because so few of them exist. Institutional release decisions in most states still remain the purview of juvenile institutional staff members. This paper examines parole Authority decision-making in a citizen-dominated state juvenile parole board. The paper focuses on the conduct of hearings, dispositional guidelines, criteria used by board members in decision-making and the advocacy role of parole officers and institutional staff. The influence of deinstitutionalization and least restrictive policies on parole Authority decision making is also discussed. During recent years, the literature in criminal justice has become replete with commentary on the virtues and injustices associated with parole board decision-making. Consequently, many questions have been raised about disparate sentences, the criteria used by parole boards in making decisions, unstructured discretion, and the pressing need for guidelines and statistically accurate parole prediction instruments. The intent of this paper is to examine parole decision-making in a state juvenile parole board where individualized treatment and rehabilitation have been long standing goals. The paper focuses upon the criteria used by board members in decision-making, the conduct of hearings, the guideline system used to determine a recommended length of confinement and the advocacy role of parole officers and institutional staff. The influence of deinstitutionalization and least restrictive policies on parole board decision-making is also discussed. The author is presently completing the second year of a two-year appointment as a member of the Parole Authority under discussion. Since December, 1983, the author has continuously observed and participated in approximately 300 individual parole hearings over thirty-seven hearing days.     

"Business Unionism" versus "Responsible Unionism": Common Law Confusion, the American State, and the Formation of Pre-New Deal Labor Policy

The emergence of the American Federation of Labor in the 1880s and its ideology of voluntarism or "business unionism" transformed the mainstream American labor movement. Voluntarism, however, had little impact on the formation of the pre-New Deal labor policy. I suggest that members of the progressive movement developed "responsible unionism" as an alternative to "business unionism" and that it was the progressives' alternative that shaped later developments in labor policy. (1) Progressive state and federal court judges relied on the principles of agency, a fiduciary term, to make unions competent contracting parties and enforce collective trade agreements. (2) Although the AFL had long lobbied for anti-injunction legislation sup ported by an underlying ideology of voluntarism, the progressive Republican-Democratic coalition that engineered passage of the Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act of 1932 based the legislation on their notion of "responsible unionism." These progressives interwove the principles of agency into the act. As a result, rather than withdrawing the American state from labor-management relations, the act caused unions to begin to lose their status as private, voluntary associations, thus creating the foundation for the construction of the statist regulatory apparatus, the National Labor Relations Board, during the New Deal.