警察选择性执法之规范

选择性执法在警察行政中相当普遍，而选择性执法形成原因的复杂性，社区警政模式的兴起，对个案正义的追求，行政效率的提升等因素决定了规范机制的复杂和困难。基于此，选择性执法规范机制必须建立在对其更为深入而全面的了解基础之上，而且还应该通过多种措施的组合，尤其是警察执法规则的适用，才能有效规范选择性执法。     

“警察人性化执法”刍议

警察人性化执法,是指警察在执法过程中,在依法保障当事人合法权益的前提下,依照法定的职权和法定的程序,改变执法观念和执法方式,以人为本,实现执法公正的一项专门活动。在警察人性化执法中,严格执法是前提,依法保障当事人的合法权益(包括警察自身的合法权益)是核心内容,人文关怀是方式,实现执法公正是终极目标。而"懦弱执法"、"人情执法"、"不平等执法"和"首次不罚"的执法都不是警察的人性化执法。警察人性化执法实现的途径主要有三:一是完善公安法律制度;二是提高人民警察自身的素质;三是加强监督,从严治警。     

民商法在公安执法中的地位研究

民商法的平等、权利保护、诚信等基本原则对树立人民警察的执法理念具有重要作用,对维护人民警察自身合法利益也具有重要意义。现在,公安机关在具体执法工作中愈来愈多地应用民商法知识。因此,研究民商法在公安执法工作中的地位,有助于扭转以往公安工作重刑轻民的传统观念,提高警察的素质,更好地发挥人民警察的作用。     

The personality assessment inventory as a selection device for law enforcement personnel

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is a recent development in psychological assessment which has attracted attention because of the breadth of its coverage and the fact that it includes a four-point scale of item agreement. Matrix, Incorporated, is a psychological assessment center that specializes in the assessment of law enforcement personnel. Matrix has collected performance variables on 800 police officers who had taken the PAI prior to being hired. Correlational analysis was performed and there was a significant effect in the data. Discussion focuses upon the criteria in relation to the PAI variables, particularly with regard to aggression, antisocial characteristics and the validity scales. The data clearly demonstrate that the PAI has good potential for the selection of law enforcement officers. Emily DeCoster-Martin was an undergraduate psychology major at The University of Evansville at the time this paper was written     

略论警察执法服务质量管理

警察执法服务质量管理是一个十分重要的理论问题。公共服务职能是警察的基本职能之一。警察权力的亲和性决定了警察执法必须为国家的安全、发展和富强服务,为人民大众的和睦、富裕和幸福服务。当前,警察执法存在着诸多问题,构建以服务公众为导向的警察执法服务质量管理系统势在必行。     

论警察战术理论研究的基本问题

警察战术理论源于军事战术理论,发展于警察司法实践活动,是关于警察执法战斗指导规律的理论。研究警察战术理论应当从研究警察执法战斗活动开始,研究警察执法战斗活动的特点、本质、基本类型、样式、发展趋势以及与警察执法战斗有关的指导规律和实践中主要问题,不但要着眼于应用,还应着眼于发展,着眼于未来,使警察战术理论向更具长远指导意义和应用效果的方向发展。     

Illegal Dealings: The Impact of Low-Level Police Enforcement on Drug Markets

This article examines the impact of low-level police enforcement on two British drug markets, and the adaptations to enforcement made by sellers and buyers. The two markets took very different forms. One was tightly controlled by a small number of middle-level dealers, and highly structured. The structure and control worked effectively to minimise risks posed by law enforcement. The other market was very loosely structured, with little control exercised on retail sellers by middle-level dealers. This lack of organisation posed different sets of problems for law enforcement. The article examines the potential for developing the role of police sources (informants) in disrupting drug markets of both sorts. It also argues the need for provision in parallel of local treatment facilities for drug users.     

当前民警执法权益受侵害的原因及对策

民警执法权益受到冲击和侵害的现象日益突显,其危害性不容忽视。警察是执法者,维护法律的尊严和依法办事是警察的天职,但同时也是应当受到保护的特殊群体。在工作实践中,我们应当根据其现状、危害性和根源,认真研究如何建立健全民警执法权益保障机制。     

论警察礼仪在构建和谐警民关系中的主导作用

警民关系的最佳境界是和谐。警察礼仪,不仅可以提升公安队伍的整体素质和执法效益,塑造公安民警的良好形象,而且可以增强公安队伍的亲和力和影响力,但从基层执法执勤来看,警察礼仪意识淡薄行为时有发生,直接影响到整个警队在人民群众心目中的形象和警民关系的和谐。因而必须从全警礼仪小节抓起,苦练内功,内强素质,外树形象。通过自身形象的塑造和实际行为来影响社会公众,主导和谐警民关系的构建。     

Confidently Wrong: Police Endorsement of Psycho-Legal Misconceptions

Public beliefs about psychological issues relevant to the legal system have been demonstrated to often be misconceived, but the endorsement of such beliefs in law enforcement samples is largely unknown. This study was the first to compare psycho-legal beliefs between law enforcement officers and the general public in the UK. Participants were presented a 50-item questionnaire measuring five psycho-legal topics; police procedures, courts, tough on crime, mental illness, and memory and cognition. Despite direct involvement and relevant experience, law enforcement officers endorsed just as many empirically contradictory beliefs as those who were not law enforcement officers. Further, law enforcement officers were more confident in their responses. This research has implications for identifying areas of limited knowledge within police samples that can be targeted by police education.     

Law enforcement officer seniority and PAI variables in psychological fitness for duty examinations

Sixty-two police officers were administered the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) during employer referred psychological Fitness for Duty Examinations (FFDEs). PAI scores were analyzed as a function of the length of time the officers had worked within law enforcement occupations. PAI subtest scales ARD, ARD-P, ARD-T and DEP scores all produced significant positive correlations between both the amount of time spent on the current police job and the total time served as a police officer within a bivariate Pearsonr correlation matrix. Implications for an understanding of psychometric test results within the FFDE context and the evolution of law enforcement officer personality patterns are discussed. Author Note: At the time this research was done, Beth Caillouet was with Matrix, Inc. She is now a graduate student in psychology. Cary Rostow, Ph.D., is a police psychologist and president of Matrix, Inc., and Robert Davis, Ph.D., is executive vice-president and director of science, research, and development for Matrix, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA.     

论基层警察行政执法行为的外部控制及其反思

本文认为,对行政执法行为的控制途径有两种方式：内部控制和外部控制.以法律法规、组织制度、组织结构等外部控制方法对基层警察行政执法行为进行管理存在许多不足之处,同时还易造成警察执法自主性的流失.所以,应培养基层警察行政执法的自主性,以形成基层警察行政执法行为内部控制和外部控制两个向度的合力.     

警察执法中实施正当防卫的有效性研究

警察执法行动中因抗法遏袭导致伤亡的事件不时发生,研究警察执法中正当防卫行使的有效性,意义重大。从法规条例、实战能力等两个方面对警察在执法中实施正当防卫的有效性进行了分析论述,指出：国家现有的法规条例为警察实施正当防卫提供了较为有力的法理依据,警察执法时实施正当防卫必须很好的贯通、遵循相关法规条例;同时,警察执法中实施正当防卫,还必须有良好的防范意识、过硬的武力手段、规范的法律行为以及健康的身心作为自身实战能力保障,才能提高正当防卫的有效性。     

Integration of Pre-Employment Polygraph Screening into the Police Selection Process

The authors provide a polygraph primer for police psychologists involved in law enforcement personnel selection. Law-enforcement pre-employment polygraph examinations are a decision-support tool intended to add incremental validity to the personnel selection process. Problems stemming from the use of the polygraph may be related to misunderstanding of the polygraph test and to field practices surrounding the use of polygraphy in the police selection process. Potential problems can result from ineffective selection of test issues, poorly constructed test questions and misguided policies surrounding the use of the polygraph. The authors review the history of polygraph screening, research, and field practices, and suggest that using polygraph results alone to disqualify a candidate from employment is a misguided field practice. Suggestions are offered for maximizing the decision-support value of the polygraph. Polygraph examination targets are discussed, with emphasis on selecting actuarially derived predictors associated with increased success in law enforcement training and job performance. The authors provide recommendations for field practice, and propose that police psychologists may be most suited to effectively integrate the polygraph results and information into the hiring recommendation process.     

中国土地执法摇摆现象及其解释

中国土地执法实践呈现“摇摆现象”,即有时执法有效,有时执法失灵。执法摇摆现象的发生,并非完全因为法律不完备或者土地执法部门能力有限,还在于中国集中体制下的“嵌入式执法”。在中国国家体系中,土地执法部门被嵌入在集中体制及其建构的中心工作中。在中心工作完成过程中,土地执法部门真正完成的并非其职能目标,而是集中体制目标。不同中心工作的建构,导致土地执法效果可能有效也可能失灵,呈现出摇摆不定的执法效果。集中体制本身的分化,即中央和各级地方政府目标重点的不同,也使得土地执法效果更不可预期。     

公安内部法律监督论

公安内部法律监督是国家法律监督的重要组成部分。其主体是公安机关内部法律监督部门,客体是公安机关的执法行为,内容是公安机关执法活动的合法性。开展公安内部法律监督,是保障公安执法权依法行使、建立和完善社会主义市场经济、加强社会主义民主法制建设、解决公安队伍自身存在的客观问题、保证外部法律监督措施得以落实的必然要求。公安内部法律监督主要通过对规范性文件的法律审核、对各类案件的审核把关、对执法过错行为实行责任追究等方式来实现。强化公安内部法律监督应当建立监督的力量机制,树立监督的权威地位,加大监督的力度,加强监督的制度化建设。     

乡村基层执法的空间制约与机制再造

中国的基层执法深受政治体制和社会生态的影响和塑造,“治理空间”可以同时容纳这两种因素,是理解中国基层执法的新视角。乡村治理空间为基层执法提供具体场景,其“拥挤社会”特性和“权力分散”特性,严重制约着基层执法能力。空间区域化机制通过建立综合治理(执法)体系,实现了执法机构的统合和区域化;通过将村级组织、村干部、网格员等纳入执法体系,实现了执法空间的分界和局部化;通过对时间和资源进行情境化配置,实现了时空分区。区域化机制重构着乡村治理空间,回应了基层执法权薄弱和执法能力不足的问题,通过再造基层执法,提高了基层执法效度。     

论警察执法能力建设与和谐社会的构建

人民警察执法能力是党的执政能力在公安工作中的具体体现。社会主义和谐社会作为党的执政能力建设的主要任务,理 应成为人民警察执法能力建设的重要内容。人民警察必须加强执法能力建设,切实担负起巩固共产党执政地位、维护国家长治久安、 保障人民安居乐业的重大政治和社会责任,为社会主义和谐社会的构建作出应有的贡献。     

浅析执法办案过程中的有效沟通

执法办案过程中的有效沟通是提高执法水平和办案质量的重要基础。本文通过分析工商行政管理执法办案过程中存在的问题及沟通不足带来的危害,针对执法办案人员存在的沟通障碍,提出了实现有效沟通的对策和措施及执法人员在执法办案过程中应注意的事项。     

关于行政执法及其权力冲突研究的综述

行政执法领域是法学、行政管理学研究的重镇,也是我国研究的热点领域之一,对行政执法的研究已经取得了丰硕的研究成果,但关于行政执法权力冲突方面的研究还处于起步阶段。归纳分析近年以来我国该领域的学者对行政执法、行政执法权力冲突相关方面的观点及论述,有益于将本领域的研究引向深入。