传统文化心理视域下现代中国腐败生成的机理分析

受中国传统文化心理的影响,在中国人的思维世界中个人与群体是高度契合的,并形成相互浸润和难以割舍的关系,这就使得在我国的人际交往关系中呈现出宗法家族制、人情面子等特点。建立在以家庭为基础的宗法制的基础上所形成的关系社会与权力的结合滋生了权力的腐败。     

福利社会与发展中的斯堪的纳维亚福利国家

欧洲各国致力于福利国家的建设已逾百年,经历了两次世界大战.各国在社会投入水平和福利机构方面的巨大差异至今仍在,但是各国对于福利社会的可持续性的认可和公众对福利社会的高度承诺则是基本一致的.各福利社会有来自各方面的维系:中央政府或地方政府、公司企业、家庭和自发组织的机构.不同的福利社会体系与它们之间的关系长期以来对欧洲各福利国家有着不同的意义,形成了具有不同特点的福利制度.在20世纪最后十年里重建福利国家的痛苦过程中,经济增长和社会发展之间的关系一直是整个斯堪的纳维亚地区社会问题的争论热点.然而到目前为止,效率与平等之间的冲突大多得到了解决,在北欧五国都保持了福利政策的稳定.该地区独特的历史经验并不排斥发展中国家的政府和机构为了发展福利事业而积极推行普及政策所做出的努力.     

民主能解决发展中国家的腐败问题吗——从比较政治的研究视角

腐败是困扰发展中国家的普遍难题。本文从当代比较政治研究的视野出发，认为制度建设是解决腐败问题的关键．经济发展水平、权力结构与资源流动等因素都会对反腐败制度的运行产生影响。反腐败是一个长期过程，任何脱离国情与“毕其功于一役”的制度冒险都是不可取的。民主并非是反腐败的“万灵丹”。     

斯堪的纳维亚模式终结了吗？——论北欧国家的福利改革

福利社会的斯堪的纳维亚模式在许多年来被看成是"蒂特马斯典范"①,即对社会政策制度化再分配模式实施的范例.然而,最近的改革趋势对这一假设提出了挑战.除了诸如削减开支之类的规则变化外,其他的变化尽管很多,如1990年代制度设置和福利国家目标的改变等;尽管和十几年甚至二十多年前比,斯堪的纳维亚福利国家的特征弱化了,且该模式正在趋于欧洲化,但其主要变化仍只是对现有模式的局部修正,而不是完全趋同于欧洲社会模式,因而并不意味着这一福利模式的终结,它仍然还是独树一帜的.一些新因素的出现仅仅是欧盟内部福利模式发挥着作用的表征.     

Testing Times Ahead: Non‐Invasive Prenatal Testing and the Kind of Community We Want to Be

This article reviews the Nuffield Council on Bioethics’ report on Non‐Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT); and introduces two general questions provoked by the report – concerning, respectively, the nature and extent of the informational interests that are to be recognised in today's ‘information societies’ and the membership of today's ‘genetic societies’. The article also considers the role and nature of the Nuffield Council. While the Council's report identifies a range of individual and collective interests that are relevant to determining the legitimate uses of NIPT, we argue that it should put these interests into an order of importance; we sketch how this might be done; and we suggest that, failing such a prioritisation of interests, the Council should present its reflections in a way that engages public debate around a number of options rather than making firm recommendations.     

论我国外资银行政策和立法的调整与完善

加入世贸组织 ,必然对我国金融服务业带来巨大的挑战 ,同时我国外资银行政策与立法亦应作出调整与完善。本文通过对我国外资银行政策和立法现状的探讨 ,分析了我国外资银行政策和存在的主要问题 ,并针对这些问题提出了完善我国外资银行政策和立法的主要措施。     

亚太大国“伙伴关系”的互动性和不对称性

冷战后亚太中美俄日四大国为了在未来世界多极格局中取得有利位置,纷纷建立各种形式的伙伴关系,四大国之间伙伴关系的建立、固然有其国家利益基础,但也有大国关系互动的影响。由于各种伙伴关系建立的利益基础和所要实现的战略目标的差异,四大国之间建立的六对伙伴关系是不对称的,这种不对称既体现出目前伙伴关系发展的不成熟,也表明亚太大国之间存在严重分岐与障碍,并有可能影响亚太局势的稳定发展。     

Challenging Medicine: Law, Resistance, and the Cultural Politics of Childbirth

Whereas most sociolegal studies concerned with hegemony and resistance focus on the resistances of ordinary citizens in everyday life, this article focuses on the development of a particular social movement—the alternative birth movement—and analyzes the process by which this movement emerged and has achieved significant legislative victories. The analysis makes several contributions to the literatures on hegemony, resistance, and the law. First, by demonstrating the importance of medicine's assertion of its authority for the expansion and mobilization of the alternative birth movement, we show that the mobilization of the law by a dominant group may trigger the emergence of social movements seeking to resist hegemonic understandings and arrangements. At the same time, by examining how birth activists' organizational resources developed over time and were rendered meaningful in legislative debates, our study demonstrates the importance of avoiding dichotomous conceptions of structure and culture. In addition, by analyzing culture as a process of meaning-making rather than an independent and hierarchical set of values, the analysis shows how cultural and legal hegemony—even that of modern medicine—may be destabilized, even as it sets the terms of the effort to destabilize it and shapes the nature of the hegemony that will replace it.     

Church Theft,Insecurity, and Community Justice: The Reality of Source-End Regulation of the Market for Illicit Bolivian Cultural Objects

In 2012 two men were lynched in Bolivia, first because there is an illicit market for Bolivian cultural objects, and second because a small, poor community turned to desperate measures to protect themselves from that illicit market due to the failings of national and international regulation. This paper is a case study of the reality of source-end regulation of an international criminal market in a developing country. I will discuss what is known about thefts from Bolivian churches, the international market for items stolen from these churches, and how such thefts are meant to be prevented on-the ground. Following this, I will present lynching in Bolivia as the most severe community response to the issues created by local politics, ineffectual policing, unenforceable laws, and a history of oppressive racism. I will conclude with a discussion of what we can reasonably hope to accomplish with source-end regulation.     

接轨:挑战与机遇的来临——论加入《联合国反腐败公约》后中国刑事法制的自我调整

我国现行反腐败刑事法律制度与《联合国反腐败公约》存在一定的差距。从实体法方面看 ,该公约对诸多行为的犯罪化态度与我国现行刑法规定很不一致 ;从程序法以及证据方面 ,该公约提出的诸多要求 ,需要我国现行法律积极回应 ;从反腐败国际合作看 ,如何加强国际合作 ,创造稳定的国际合作机制 ,对于我国今后反腐败工作的开展具有重要意义。该公约所建立的诸多机制 ,为我国积极预防和遏制腐败犯罪提供了很大的机遇 ,同时也对我国现行刑事法制提出了挑战。如何根据我国实际与该公约的规定相衔接 ,是我国目前需要认真解决的一大课题。     

美国广播管制中的公共利益标准

在美国广播管制史上 ,公共利益标准是左右广播业准入管制和公共政策形成过程的核心概念。事实上 ,公共利益标准是实行管制的授权标准 ,蕴涵着对政策决定过程中相互竞争的诸价值和利益的衡量 ,有相当的弹性和延展性 ;在司法和管制实践中 ,则要结合具体情境 ,将形式上的公共利益标准转化为具有实质内容的方案 ,实现对裁量权的导控。在我国许可制度改革、放松管制以及公用事业民营化实践的背景下 ,如何发展出可操作的许可标准和精巧的利益衡量技术 ,保障“公共利益”不因民营化进程而侵蚀和消解 ,是需要认真对待的课题     

The Metropolitan Opera in the American Century: Opera Singers,Europe, and Cultural Politics

Dressing Room 10 on the 40th Street side of the Metropolitan Opera House is the most unprepossessing chamber. All but airless, it has a decor which is garishly drab and furniture which is barely serviceable…. Yet over the years, this dismal room with its many mirrors has been the silent witness to scenes of hope, triumph, and despair. Here the great singers of the world, the soon-to-be great, and the not-quite great wait before their debuts, trembling in every nerve, straining toward the moment when they an sweep on stage to the triumph that sometimes comes, and more often does not …. Through Room 10 this year have paraded that trio of great European divas: The Italian Renata Tebaldi, Victoria de los Angeles of Spain, and Birgit Nilsson, who was born and trained in Sweden. Joining them, for the first time at the Metropolitan, came two Americans of equal rank, Eileen Farrell and Leontyne Price. (Newsweek, Feb. 13, 1961, 63)     

中小企业融资制度比较研究

当今世界,不论是在发达国家还是发展中国家,中小企业都已成为国民经济的重要支柱和社会经济中最活跃的因素。各国都在关注中小企业的发展问题。美国和日本作为世界上经济最为发达的国家,拥有较为完善的中小企业融资体系;而我国台湾地区享有＂中小企业王国之美称＂,有着中小企业发展的特色模式。上述国家和地区的中小企业融资体系与政府的金融政策对我国建立中小企业融资体系有着极大的借鉴意义。     

Controlling Corruption and Misconduct: A Comparative Examination of Police Practices in Hong Kong and New York

Police corruption and misconduct are of perpetual concern to both the police and the public. Various measures have been used and programs created to reduce these problems. But existing research indicates that the effects of such measures are either transient or uncertain. Few studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms for controlling police corruption and misconduct from an international, comparative perspective. This study intends to fill this gap by exploring the experiences of the Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) as well as those of the New York Police Department (NYPD). Although Hong Kong is today a part of China, it remains in the Common Law system and its police practices have been highly influenced by Western policing principles, making such a comparison relevant and perhaps useful. The findings of this study suggest that Hong Kong and New York have both adopted various measures for controlling police corruption and misconduct, but have diverged significantly from each other in the structure and content of their control efforts.     

古今惩贪与治盗的宽严比较

考释中国古代贪赃、官盗、民盗等罪名与刑罚,审视现行刑法中的贪污、盗窃罪名与刑罚。比较古今:古严惩官贪,宽治民盗,今则严惩民盗,宽待官贪。传统的立法经验大有借鉴的意义,现行刑法极有修改的必要。     

法律遭遇道德的尴尬——比较法视野中的乱伦行为

在我们传统的观念中,乱伦是指存在于同辈或不同辈份的具有亲属关系的男女之间的性关系,这种性关系为大部分社会所禁止和惩处。尽管由于社会风俗、习惯、文化传统的不同,不同国家对乱伦的观念和处置也存在差异,但古今中外的法律都在不同程度上对其加以规范。以《唐律》为典范,我国封建法律对乱伦罪有非常详细的规定;当代西方各主要国家的法律中同样存在着类似的规范。从比较法的视角考察这些制度有助于确定我国未来规范乱伦的立法取向。     

Comparative Family Law and the Political Process: Regulation of Sexual Morality in Finland

This article demonstrates a basis for comparative analysis of family laws. It illustrates the extent to which political constraints influence the development of legal policy and reception of foreign models. The article takes the form of a case study and examines Finnish law relating to unmarried parenthood, informal cohabitation, and same-sex partnerships. Comparisons are drawn with Swedish law. Finland and Sweden have maintained a remarkably close association. Similarities and points of departure in the reform process and detail of legislation in these two jurisdictions point up the institutional dimensions of family law.