Substantive due process after Gonzales v. Carhart

This Article begins in Part I with a doctrinal evaluation of the status of Washington v. Glucksberg ten years after that decision was handed down. Discussion begins with consideration of the Roberts Court's recent decision in Gonzales v. Carhart and then turns to the subject of Justice Kennedy's views in particular on substantive due process. In Part II, the Article goes on to consider whether the Glucksberg test for substantive due process decision making is correct in light of the original meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment.The Article concludes in Parts II and III that Glucksberg is right to confine substantive due process rights recognition to recognition only of those rights that are deeply rooted in history and tradition.     

Between Mendez and Brown: Gonzales v. Sheely (1951) and the Legal Campaign Against Segregation

On March 26, 1951, three years before the historic Brown decision, in Gonzales v. Sheeley ( 1951 ) , Judge Dave Ling of the United States District Court of Arizona ruled that the segregation of Mexican American students in a separate "Mexican School" was unconstitutional. In this article, we trace the legal arguments in Gonzales through two prior cases, Mendez v. Westminster (1946 ) and Delgado v. Bastrop (1948 ). We analyze how racialism, the social science critique of racism and legalism, shaped the arguments in the three cases. Our analysis suggests that Gonzales was a departure from Mendez and Delgado because it was the first case in which a court made an unqualified argument against segregation. The trajectory of the legal arguments across the three cases highlights how new cultural ideas about race were slowly incorporated into civil rights case law, a process that was also shaped by the institutional norms and practices of the legal system.     

The Politics of Palliative Care and the Ethical Boundaries of Medicine: Gonzales v. Oregon as a Cautionary Tale

The U.S. Supreme Court's 6-decision in Gonzales v. Oregon is the latest defeat for the Bush administration in its sustained attack on Oregon's physician-assisted suicide law. Both the majority opinion and the major dissent in Oregon provide an opportunity to assess the dangers inherent in allowing a political agenda that emphasizes the sanctity of life and minimizes professional ethical obligations to overshadow quality patient care at the end of life.     

Nursing home quality-of-care cases after Mikes v. Straus

The quality of care rendered to residents of nursing facilities continues to gain attention from legislators, regulators, and the courts. Advocates for improvements in the quality of care by government-funded healthcare providers have identified the False Claims Act (FCA) as a potent tool. The Second Circuit decision in Mikes v. Straus might be viewed as a barrier to FCA claims against nursing facilities. Any impediment imposed by this decision, however, is limited by the facts of the case; the authors believe that carefully-crafted pleadings can enable litigants to rely upon the FCA in pursuing quality-of-care claims against nursing facilities.     

美国关于域名的立法和司法实践

美国是因特网的发源地和电子商务最为发达的国家 ,它在有关域名的立法方面最为完善 ,司法经验也最为丰富 ,本文试就此进行探讨。当被告使用了原告的著名商标作为域名 ,虽然公众知道被告与原告没有关系 ,但公众会将原告的著名商标与其他新的来源相联系 ,这样会削弱原告的著名商标作为其商品或服务的惟一标识的功能。在这种情况下 ,混淆标准无法适用 ,只有适用淡化标准才能制止被告的行为。 1996年 1月 16日美国总统克林顿签署了《联邦商标淡化法》 ,该法的主要目的是为了遏制域名抢占行为。《联邦商标淡化法》的核心条款规定 ,在遵循法院认可…     

国外生物安全立法及对中国立法的思考

随着现代生物技术的迅速发展,生物安全立法越来越引起国际社会的重视。中国作为《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》的缔约国,不仅负有保护生物安全的国际义务,而且也有为本国生物安全利益而进行生物安全管理的现实必要性。中国目前虽然制定了一些生物安全立法,但就整体而言,这些立法无法适应生物安全管理的需要。参考和借鉴国际和国外生物安全立法,建立与国际接轨而又适合中国国情的生物安全立法体系,对于保护中国的生物安全,维护国家和全人类的利益,具有十分重要的意义。一、生物安全国际法的沿革和主要渊源(一)生物安全国际法的沿革国际生物安全…     

示范性立法的逻辑与实践展开——以我国地方行政程序立法为样本的分析

从地方立法的属性和目的看,地方性立法需要考虑和安顿地方性需求;但同时,地方立法也需要面对法制统一的宪法性命令。因此,对地方立法的地方特色的理解不应绝对化、形式化。法制统一原则以及立法所针对事项的共性要求,要求地方立法应考虑统一性与多样性的协调。作为一种立法技术手段,示范性立法反映了这一统一与多样性协调的逻辑,而这一技术在实践中的展开,将有助于促进法律体系在中央与地方之间、国家与社会之间、统一与多样之间的协调。     

挪威反家庭暴力的立法、实践及其启示

20世纪 70年代以来 ,家庭暴力问题日益受到国际社会关注。各种调查和研究表明 :家庭暴力是一个跨越国界、意识形态、阶级、种族和少数人群体的全球性问题 ,妇女、儿童是家庭暴力的主要受害者。与此同时 ,在许多国家 ,防治家庭暴力的法律改革已经展开。〔 1〕 因此 ,介绍挪威有关惩治家庭暴力的法律改革与实践 ,分析它对中国反家庭暴力法律改革和政府决策的可资借鉴之处 ,不仅可行而且必要。挪威 ,是位于斯堪第娜半岛西端的北欧国家。和中国一样 ,至今挪威尚无家庭暴力存在状况的官方统计数据。据挪威官方人士估计 ,妇女一生中遭受过暴力的比…