Feminism, Aestheticism and the Limits of Law

This article seeks to identify and address the normative void that resides at the heart of postmodernist-feminist theory, and to propose a philosophical framework – beyond postmodernism, but incorporating its central insights – for thinking through the normative questions with which feminists are inevitably confronted in their engagements with positive law. Two varieties of postmodernist-feminism are identified and critically analysed: the ‘corporeal feminism’ of Elizabeth Grosz and Judith Butler, which seeks to ground feminist critical practice in the irruptive capacities of the material body considered as an arte fact of social construction; and the deconstructionist feminism of Drucilla Cornell, for whom ‘the feminine’ is an indeterminate but disruptive force beyond its construction in law and in other social sites. The first component of the argument elaborated here is that each of these approaches ultimately reduces to a form of aestheticism which is incapable of generating a worthwhile and workable feminist approach to the restructuring of politics and law. The second component of the argument involves a return to aesthetics, in particular to the philosophical aesthetics of Kant’s Critique of Judgement. Kant’s aesthetic philosophy, it will be suggested, yields a framework of concepts which, duly re-manipulated, could speak to the very concerns that have inspired postmodernist-feminism: how to attend to (bodily) particularity while avoiding the dangers associated with ‘essentialism’; and how to theorise the propensity of the unrepresentable power of the feminine to exceed both embodied human capacities and the confining rein of socially privileged rationalities. Crucially, however it also responds to a set of preoccupations – those of the feminist lawyer – that cannot be accommodated by postmodernism: how to translate embodied experience into (legal) norms; generalise from the particular; seek consensus; and codify an endless potentiality in the form of law. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

论反就业歧视法的多元综合实施理论

我国现行反就业歧视法律制度采用单一的司法实施机制,无法得到有效实施.就业歧视本质上是群体与群体之间的利益冲突,而非个体利益冲突.反就业歧视法客观存在着群体化个体利益和群体化社会利益两种法益.反就业歧视法有群体化个体利益实施模式和群体化社会利益实施模式两种,两种模式都突破了传统私法个体利益实现机制和传统公法公共利益实现机...     

法学领域热点问题扫描

随着中国社会发生的深刻变化 ,法学领域的理论研究也在不断地深入 ,对我国的改革起到了保驾护航的作用 ,对完善我国法律体系、丰富法学理论起到了积极的促进作用     

《民法典》背景下劳动法与民法之关系探究

《民法典》的颁行对劳动法产生了极大冲击。民法涉及生活方方面面,具有基础法、前置法的地位,是劳动法的理论基础、审判依据及重要参考。劳动法是修正的民法,由关注个体利益的私法和关注国家利益的公法融合而成。“国家管制”下的“意思自治”治理模式增强了劳动法执行国家政策与协调劳动关系的能力,巩固了劳动法调整弱者地位、追求实质正义与公平的社会法属性,并使之成为与民法相并列又无法被替代的法律部门。虽然劳动合同中的“意思自治”表明劳动法起源于民法,但劳动法与民法经历了“合—离—分—立”的发展过程,民法的扩张性和市场经济的“社会化”使民法无法排斥劳动法,在现行法律体系中,作为宪法的实施手段,二者之间形成了一种深度且良性的互动关系。     

Sex Positive: Feminism,Queer Theory,and the Politics of Transgression

From the feminist ‘sex wars’ of the 1980s to the queer theory and politics of the 1990s, debates about the politics of sexuality have been at the forefront of contemporary theoretical, social, and political demands. This article seeks to intervene in these debates by challenging the terms through which they have been defined. Investigating the importance of ‘sex positivity’ and transgression as conceptual features of feminist and queer discourses, this essay calls for a new focus on the political and material effects of pro-sexuality.     

协调视角下的中国社会救助立法

《社会救助法》要实现立法宗旨,需要体现协调的理念,运用协调原则指导法律制度的构建。我国社会救助立法需要协调与民事法律的关系,与劳动法律的关系,与社会保障其他法律的关系以及《社会救助法》内部各项救助制度的关系。     

试论劳动法的社会法特质

劳动法与民法的关系，尤其是劳动合同法与民法的关系，一直是近二十年来法学界研究的热点 问题。国内的社会法研究更多着眼于实在法层面，尤其是围绕法律部门之社会法，难以在社会法与强调自身已 经实现社会化的现代民法之间划出明晰界线。社会法需要进行法理与法哲学思考，通过何为“社会法”之“社 会”、何为“社会法”之“法”、“社会”之“法”与社会法是何种关系这三个问题揭示社会法的特质，继而 论证劳动法作为典型的社会法，难以在民法体系内实现逻辑自洽。此外，社会法的核心是有机体内的伦理规则， 但并不完全排斥契约，合意的“触发性作用”仍不可或缺，劳动争议可以在一定范围适用民法规则。     

Law and the Power of Feminism: How Marriage Lost its Power to Oppress Women

In Feminism and the Power of Law Carol Smart argued that feminists should use non-legal strategies rather than looking to law to bring about women??s liberation. This article seeks to demonstrate that, as far as marriage is concerned, she was right. Statistics and contemporary commentary show how marriage, once the ultimate and only acceptable status for women, has declined in social significance to such an extent that today it is a mere lifestyle choice. This is due to many factors, including the ??sexual revolution?? of the 1960s, improved education and job opportunities for women, and divorce law reform, but the catalyst for change was the feminist critique that called for the abandonment (rather than the reform) of the institution and made the unmarried state possible for women. I conclude that this loss of significance has been more beneficial to British women in terms of the possibility of ??liberation?? than appeals for legal change and recognition, and that we should continue to be wary of looking to law to solve women??s problems.     

劳动法的能与不能--一种语境论进路的解析和思考

目前,我国正处于社会转型时期,对我国劳动法的作用、意义、宗旨应有冷静客观的认识,尤其要意识到劳动法的局限,劳动法不能的一面.我国劳动法的生存和发展的语境与西方劳动法是迥然不同的,其作用的发挥应立足我国当前的实际,重视对劳动法实践过程中我国广大民众的实践经验的累积和提炼.     

论集体合同的私法结构

集体合同是一种自治机制和市场机制,这种自治基础上的市场机制本身导致其与传统私法的合 同制度难以分离。从法教义学角度看,集体合同以私法合同的形式成立和消灭,对工会和用人单位或用人单位 联合会具有债权效力,这些都是私法现象;传统私法曾试图通过代理理论和有利于第三人的合同理论解释集体 合同对劳动者和用人单位的效力,但都不能自圆其说。为此,大陆法系国家承认了集体合同对劳动者和用人单 位的规范效力,并提出社团理论、国家授权理论、自治理论,分别从社会法、公法、私法的角度解释上述规范 效力。从中国集体合同制度发展的历史、社会经济基础和制度设计来看,私法的解释方案依然最优：集体合同 以合同的方式成立,通过职工（代表）大会的决议行为获得对全体劳动者的约束力,即规范效力。因此,集体 合同是一种私法上的制度。     

团体劳动关系法的理论课题与研究方法

所谓团体劳动关系法,是指调整劳动者团体与企业或企业团体之间的劳动关系的法律。在我国,劳动者团体主要指工会,所以我国团体劳动法的调整对象主要为"工会在活动过程中所形成的社会关系"〔1〕。团体劳动关系法是指以《工会法》和《劳动关系调整法》为基本构成的法律规范的总和。这些法律规范具体规定了团体劳动关系的制度构建、运行规范以及相关团体的权利义务。在市场经济下,团体劳动关系的形成并以团体劳动关系法对之予以调整,是市场经济劳动法的一个重要特点。〔2〕     

劳动基准法的基本范畴和体系定位

劳动基准法在劳动法体系中具有独特的地位,对其概念的理解应强化其内涵特征,从而缩小并确定其外延范围。"基准"相较于"标准",其名称更能传达出法律概念的本意。采用劳动基准法的狭义概念,是由劳动基准法的公法性质所决定的。劳动基准法虽然属于公法,但也会产生私法效果,不能因此将其理解为公、私融合法而扩大其外延。即便劳动基准同时构成劳动合同的附随义务,劳动合同法中包含有劳动关系强行运行规则,均不影响劳动基准法与劳动合同法在劳动法内部体系中各自独立的定位。     

Feminism and the Gender Recognition Act 2004

This paper argues, first, that the legal construction of transsexualism is a matter of interest, not only to members of the trans community, but to all students of gender, including feminists. The paper then proceeds to explain and analyse, using feminist perspectives, key aspects of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 in the light of the recent caselaw concerning the rights of trans persons. The 2004 Act, it is argued, is a conservative move, which attempts to deny the threat transsexualism poses to the binary system of gender, by instigating a system to formally ‘recognise’ only men and or women. However, the way in which the Act constructs the public/private divide and the mind/body relation carries potential for legal recognition of subject positions which may in a variety of ways be ‘beyond’ the binary system that is currently orthodox. The paper can as such be read as a case study in the legal (re)construction of gender, the gender/sex relation, and the widespread tendency to construct gender conservatively.     

‘This fair lady,in her laces’: Margaret Howie Strang Hall,the first woman in Scotland to try to become a lawyer

ABSTRACT

Margaret Howie Strang Hall was the first woman in Scotland, and the youngest woman in the UK, to try to become a lawyer through the same formal process open to her male contemporaries. This examination of Hall’s attempt aims to set it in context, using contemporary court documents and newspaper reports, while expanding on what is known of her life. Hall’s story is an important one in the struggle for equal professional opportunities and her experience in the Scottish legal system provides a counterpoint to the better-known English examples.     

《劳动合同法》主要问题的经济研究评介

《劳动合同法》是继《劳动法》之后,关于改善劳动关系的重要法律文本。随着经济增长趋于平缓,关于《劳动合同法》的修订和废止问题再次引起理论界的深入讨论。文本从经济理论研究的角度对《劳动合同法》执行中关于灵活用工问题、劳动力成本和劳动生产率三个主要经济争论进行梳理和分析。研究发现,我国劳动力成本增长低于劳动生产率的提高,《劳动合同法》的实施并不会对员工工资产生显著影响,也不会显著影响劳动生产率。     

论提高劳动法学科地位的必要性和基本思路

劳动法学有其独立的调整对象和独立的法律部门地位.劳动法对劳动关系的调整在我国现阶段具有非常重要的意义,而我国劳动法律体系的建立和实施也亟需提升劳动法学研究和教育水平.现行劳动法学的学科设置难以满足社会对劳动法学研究和人才教育的需求,因此需要适时提高和调整劳动法的学科地位和学科设置.     

劳动法的现实挑战与瞻望

无论是在成文法国家还是在判例法国家,批评劳动法"僵化"的声音一直存在.本研究对劳动法面临的现实挑战进行梳理,对其未来走向进行瞻望.研究认为,在劳资关系整体缓和的大背景之下,世界范围内,团体劳动法的功能降减,去管制与雇佣弹性因子在不断增长.信息技术的广泛运用、互联网经济的崛起,给劳动法带来了前所未有之挑战,客观上,劳动法...     

德法并举治理环境

治理环境是一个长期的系统性工程,健全法制极为重要.德治具有全面性、稳定性、长期性、普遍性的优势,德治与法治具有互补性和不可替代性.针对我国社会、文化、发展等现状,只有德法兼备,才能进行卓有成效的环境治理.