A Working Class Critique of Criminological Theory

The absence of a thoroughly developed, working class critique of criminological theory has resulted in bias in the creation of knowledge regarding crime and deviance. Much as feminist writings illuminated the unique problems related to gender, and works by those discussing racial and ethnic minorities highlighted the special concerns related to race and ethnicity, a working class perspective can expose the particular issues having to do with class. A brief discussion will be presented dealing with the portrayal of working class people in the media, and the complicity of academia in allowing working class stereotypes to persist. A sketch of a working class perspective will then be developed, and it will be used to critique fourteen of the major criminological theories today in terms of their relative sensitivities and considerations of the class factor in crime and justice issues. The final section places each of the fourteen theories on a continuum from those that do not consider the working class experience at all to those that give the working class experience full consideration. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Teaching Criminological Theory: The Power of Film and Music

Interest in utilizing pop culture as a means of teaching and enhancing students’ understanding of complex or abstract ideas in the classroom has increased over the course of the past decade. This includes the use of film, television, fiction books, the internet, and music. The fields of criminology and criminal justice have also increasingly noted the value of using such means to teach about atrocities such as state crime, transnational crime and corporate crimes as well as issues of inequality, racism, and classism. Film, music and television can also be great tools to enhance the understanding of and ability to apply criminological theory. Most articles that have focused on incorporating the use of a ‘popular criminology’ within the classroom, however, have concentrated on one form or another of ‘pop culture’ (i.e., film). This article seeks to add to the existing literature by providing an example of how the use of film combined with music can not only enhance undergraduate criminology and criminal justice students’ ability to grasp criminological theory and apply it in their everyday lives, but also can be utilized as tools for exams.     

诉讼监督的理论与实践——“2010诉讼监督论坛”综述

对诉讼活动进行法律监督,是我国检察机关重要职能之一。相对于丰富的实践活动,当前对诉讼监督的理论研究还非常薄弱。诉讼监督的内涵、范围、目的、原则,与人大监督、法律监督、法院独立审判的关系,相关工作机制等一系列基本理论问题需要进一步澄清和完善,诉讼监督实践中的突出问题也需要深入研究解决。     

Intersectional Criminology: Interrogating Identity and Power in Criminological Research and Theory

Intersectional criminology is a theoretical approach that necessitates a critical reflection on the impact of interconnected identities and statuses of individuals and groups in relation to their experiences with crime, the social control of crime, and any crime-related issues. This approach is grounded in intersectionality, a concept developed from the tenets of women of color feminist theory and activism. To demonstrate how intersectionality is useful in criminology, this article reviews a sampling of feminist and critical research conducted on Black girls’ and women’s experiences with crime, victimization, and criminal legal system processes. This research demonstrates the interlaced social impacts of race, gender, femininity/masculinity ideals, sexuality, and socioeconomic class. This article also provides a basis for widely deploying an intersectional approach throughout the field of criminology across all social identities and statuses.     

美国风险立法的理论与实践

风险分析与风险管理是美国政府部门广泛采用的分析工具。里根和克林顿总统签署的行政命令和国会制定的法律使之成为立法程序的内容。风险分析为立法程序中广泛而深入的公众参与开辟了道路,为规章与政策的制定奠定了合理性基础,影响了司法审查的方式。风险分析与成本效益分析相结合,在提高立法质量,改进政府管制效益上发挥了重要作用。     

环境犯罪刑法治理早期化之理论与实践

基于环境犯罪的特殊性,人们对以刑法谦抑主义和人类中心主义为基础的事后刑法治理理念进行了深刻反思,反思的结果是以预防性理论和生态中心主义为基础的早期化治理理念得以确立.环境犯罪早期化治理的理论依据是积极预防,实践依据在于国家治理环境犯罪之战略的确立以及刑法对环境犯罪之社会治理的深度参与.我国新近的环境立法、环境刑法立法以及相关刑法司法解释在一定程度上都体现了环境犯罪刑法治理的早期化,但从生态中心主义立场来看,这种体现还需要从刑法上进一步拓展.     

Social Institutions,Theory Development,and the Promise of Comparative Criminological Research

This paper highlights the ways in which recent comparative criminological research has begun to advance theory development by directing systematic attention to the role of institutional structure. The overarching thesis is that sensitivity to the institutional context in recent criminological studies, especially those conducted in Asia, has paved the way for the productive elaboration of two highly influential theories: Routine Activities Theory and the General Theory of Crime (or self-control theory). Such theoretical elaboration promises to enhance the explanatory power of these theories by placing individual behavior in a multilevel, institutional context. The paper also outlines a transformed variant of self-control theory that posits two distinctive forms of self-control, which are likely to have differential impacts on criminal offending depending on features of the institutional structure of societies.     

Criminological theory and organizational crime

To understand the circumstances that lead to organizational crime, we need to consider the insights of strain theories on the distribution of legitimate and illegitimate opportunities, of labeling theory on the way stigmatization can foster criminal subculture formation, of subcultural theory as applied to organized business subcultures of resistance to regulation, and of control theory. It is contended that an integration of these perspectives into a theory of organizational crime is possible; a continuity can be established with the mainstream traditions of criminological theory in the domain of organizational crime. Thirteen propositions are advanced as a basis for building such an integrated theory. The key to this attempt as synthesis is the notion of differential shaming—the shaming from organizational cultures of compliance versus the shaming from subcultures of resistance to regulatory law.     

日本环境权理论和实践的新展开

当今,环境权已成为现代环境法的基本理念之一。在环境立法逐步贯彻环境权理念的进程中,我国应借鉴在环境权理论研究和实践上取得成功的日本的理论和实践成果,加强环境权理论研究,为我国在法律上明确规定环境权,并确立完善的公众参与环境决策的法律制度和程序,提供理论支持和实践指导。     

WTO体系下司法审查范围的理论与实践

WTO体系下的司法审查包括国内法意义和国际法意义两个层面上的司法审查。前者指WTO成员的国内法院审查行政机关行为的国内司法程序活动,其法律依据首先是WTO各协议中有关要求成员提供司法审查程序的规定,其次是各成员国内法中有关司法审查或行政诉讼的法律规定;后者指WTO的争端     

惯常行为理论视野下青少年犯罪的犯罪学因果关系

我国青少年犯罪问题是困扰全社会的难题,需要运用各种措施对其进行治理。从青少年犯罪的类型特征来看,运用犯罪被害理论中的惯常行为理论进行调查被害,提出具体的被害预防措施来减少青少年犯罪是可行的。但这一调查必须以青少年犯罪的犯罪学因果关系的设立为前提。在惯常行为理论的视野下,青少年犯罪的犯罪学因果关系的成立必须具备特定的条件,这些条件也是通过实证调查证明这一因果关系的变量。     

中国经济法实施问题的理论检视与思考

经济法实施问题直接关系着经济法的立法宗旨的实现。虽经多年讨论与发展,但经济法实施机制的真正建立仍有待理论创新和制度完善。全面检视经济法实施问题的研究现状,准确把握理论纷争的焦点,我们仍需在提高经济法的社会认同、改善经济行政执法的能力和水平、构建经济公益诉讼机制等方面作出努力。     

论犯罪学名著的判定与选择

犯罪学名著是指影响大、价值高的犯罪学著作。犯罪学名著的判定和选择是开展犯罪学专业学习和研究等工作的重要内容。犯罪学名著包括不同的种类。在判定犯罪学名著时,可以将书籍内容、作者情况等一般性标准,与对犯罪学学说的系统阐述、书籍作者被公认的历史地位、得到犯罪学重要奖项肯定、犯罪学文献中的高被引率、犯罪学同行们的高度评价、重要翻译项目的入选书籍、书籍被重印和再版的次数等辅助性标准结合起来进行综合判断。在选择犯罪学名著时,应当考虑其对发展学科、传播知识等所具有的价值,避免选择一些没有反映科技进步及不符合国情的犯罪学名著。     

环境管理机关公益诉讼原告资格理论与实践之辨

环境公益诉讼是保护环境的利器,它对于改善环境起到的积极作用是毋庸置疑的.但是学界以及司法实践对于何为环境公益诉讼的适格原告一直存在争议,随着新《民事诉讼法》的颁布施行,关于公益诉讼原告资格的争论更是甚嚣尘上,其中,对环境行政管理机关原告资格的分歧尤甚.笔者认为,质疑的根本原因在于没有厘清环境行政执法与环境公益诉讼的关系,再加之对环境行政管理部门的单一功能定位,使得对环境管理机关作为适格原告有诸多误解.本文沿此思路,通过理论与实践的辨析,试图解决此问题.     

片面共犯的理论与实践

片面共犯是客观存在的社会现象,无论对片面共犯的承认还是否认,都在试图解决片面共犯的定罪根据问题,片面共犯属于共同犯罪,其在理论、立法、司法皆有体现,但片面共犯的立法还需要进一步完善。