“理性”抑或“怀疑”:英美证据思想的“世纪之争”

对是否能够运用证据证明事实的回答不同,将英美证据法学划分为两大基本派别:理性主义与怀疑主义。理性主义认为,可以而且应当运用证据证明事实,这是人类理性的直接表现。而怀疑主义认为,不可能或很难运用证据证明事实。由此,积极建设性的理性主义与消极解构性的怀疑主义萦绕纠缠,形成了证据法学发展的世纪争论,这些争论使证据法学领域不再中心化、霸权化,而是走向多元。     

Why Methods Matter in European Legal Scholarship

Both in the United States and in Europe, there is a debate on methodology in legal research. Doctrinalists and multidisciplinarians appear to be in different camps fighting over the ‘true nature’ of legal scholarship. We wonder where this renewed attention for methodology is coming from and what is behind it. Should European legal scholars follow certain colleagues in the United States who believe that doctrinal research is dead and should we all engage in law and … research now? If not, does this imply that there is nothing wrong with mainstream European doctrinal legal scholarship? We believe the latter is not the case. Our hypothesis is that an ongoing instrumentalisation of law and legal research decreases the attention for methodology, for theory building, and for keeping enough professional distance to one's object of research. This threatens to result in a creeping process of herd behaviour, in copy pasting the methodology of judicial lawmaking to legal scholarship and in a lack of transparency and methodological justification in scholarly legal publications. What is desperately needed is more reflection on methodology and theory building in European legal scholarship.     

米尔健·达马斯卡学术观点的功用性和真确性

在《司法和国家权力的多种面孔》一书中,达马斯卡教授关于制度性安排的两组概念模型的提出[科层型权力组织与协作型权力组织;政策实施型程序与纠纷解决型程序]将那些涉及司法制度和政府治理的变量化约为一套便于掌握的范式,彰显出概念性研究的首要价值——功用性。而在《漂移的证据法》中,达马斯卡超越概念性研究转而专注于实证研究。其研究志趣从功用性转移到了真确性,然而研究方法却并没有改变。对概念性研究路径的依赖导致《漂移的证据法》之核心命题的构建失去了客观性。尽管如此,Ⅸ漂移的证据法》依旧具有重要的指引意义,它提醒学术界应当注意概念性研究与实证研究之间的差别以及忽略这种差别所导致的诸多问题。     

爱德华·柯克爵士与英国法学近代化

在法学近代化之初,17世纪的英国面临着全面继受罗马法学与继承普通法学两条道路的选择.柯克爵士明确提出了老田生新谷的主张,在中世纪的<年鉴>与<论土地保有>等作品的基础上,撰写了<柯克报告>与<英国法总论>.在法学观、部门法学与法学形态等方面,这两部作品均呈现出了诸多近代性的萌芽,从而开启了英国法学近代化的历程,并且在事实上开创了不同于欧陆法学近代化的另一条道路.     

Freakonomics: Scholarship in the Service of Storytelling

Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side ofEverything by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner is certainlypopular. Indeed, my search for something comparable took meback more than 120 years.¹ Even with the uncertainty about whatconstitutes a best seller, it is clear that the book has reacheda huge audience, especially for a book about "economics." AsI write this, it has been on the New York Times best-sellerlist for 46 weeks, and having started on the Publisher’sWeekly Hardcover Nonfiction best-seller list in the 12th positionon April 25, 2005, it has hovered in the top ten thereafter.Moreover, as reported on the Freakonomics web site, the bookhas garnered a large international audience, and the book ison various "best of" lists. Levitt and Dubner have sought abroad and diverse audience for their collection of stories:Levitt has been on "The 700 Club" (a talk show by conservativebusinessman and religious broadcaster Pat Robertson) and "TheDaily Show with Jon Stewart" (a center–left parody ofthe news and news reporting) among other places. Both the authorswrite a column for the New York Times Magazine as well as participatein an active blog (just navigate from the book’s web siteto the URL http://www.freakonomics.com, where, among other things,they respond to a large number of readers’ inquiries²).The book comes complete with more than 20(!) pages of referencesand citations as diverse as a radio talk show caller’sunverified claim that her niece was named "Shithead" (pronouncedSHUH-teed) as well as Kenneth Arrow’s "A Theory of Discrimination"and includes a two-and-a-half page tabulation of average yearsof mother’s education by child’s first name. Theextensive footnotes should not mislead: Freakonomics does nottake its subjects very seriously. In Freakonomics, Levitt’sscholarship and the scholarship of others are put in the serviceof telling a "good story" rather than the other way around.Indeed, if the many reviews of the book are any guide, manyfind the book "entertaining" even if they felt that "Levitt’sonly real message is to encourage confrontational questions"(Berg, 2005). One reviewer found the stories so compelling thathe went so far as to suggest that "criticizing Freakonomicswould be like criticizing a hot fudge sundae" (Landsburg, 2005).     

论魏晋经学与文学复古之风

经学尤其《诗经》仍然是支撑魏晋文学的主流意识之一。在诗歌体式上,魏晋文学大量摹拟《诗经》,以四言为主;在诗歌题材和主旨上,直接摹拟《诗经》,创造出拟经诗、补亡诗、拟《诗》诗三种类型,复古之风达到了空前炽烈的局面;在艺术风格上,以雅颂为主、又以风入雅,从而对如何继承《诗经》的文学传统提供一次集大成式的探索,在中国文学史上具有承上启下的重要意义。     

美国的侵权法研究:概括与分析

做研究综述乃是学术整理的必备作业,里面学问颇多,自家学说的清理总结已是不易,而比较学意义的工作更是艰辛,几乎可以说是不可成之事业。然许传玺君本文可谓精于此道,是以成就斐然。其一,对美国的侵权法研究,中国学者至今尚无任何系统的综述论著,而此文可谓开辟先河。其二,美国的侵权法研究,其学派有如林立,其文献浩如烟海,即使作出普通的汇集也是不易,然而许君在潜力研究的基础上,发见了一条概念主义——现实主义——共识主义的主流线索,从而使得有关研究文献得以清晰呈现。因此,本文不是一般的综述,而是在一定意义上的关于研究的研究。其三,也是本文的主要贡献之一,即提出了美国侵权法的历史发展及其现状在很大程度上与美国法律学者的侵权法研究密切相关的思想洞见。由此,作者提醒,由于上述这种密切的关联,借鉴美国侵权法,不仅应该注重对美国侵权法本身的探讨,也应该在知识史和其他意义上充分地研究美国的侵权法研究。