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1.
就人类活动而言,法律主要表现为规范、引导和限制人的行为;自由则是满足人行为的自主与自为。两者之间似乎是一对矛盾,我们怎样认识和理解这对矛盾呢? 讨论这个问题之前,先让我们来认识自由行为的主体——人和自由行为的环境——社会之间的关系。马克思把人的本质看成是“真正的社会联系”,是“社会关系的总和”,是“人的真正共同体”。同时,全体的人又总是从属于一定的社会群体、阶层和阶级,生活在特定的历史时段。因此,那种用超社会、超阶级、超时代的观点来界定人的自由概念是不可取的。 相似文献
3.
Hart’s criticism of Devlin’s stance on the legal enforcement of morality has been highly influential in shaping a new liberal sensibility and in paving the way to many important legal reforms in the UK. After 50 years it is perhaps time to go back to Law, Liberty and Morality to see it in the perspective of the general evolution of Hart’s thought since the early 50s. This is a period of extraordinary creativity for the Oxford philosopher, in which he writes many important contributions to legal, moral and political philosophy. Prominent among these is ‘Are There Any Natural Rights?’, an article that sets the agenda for Hart’s subsequent work on liberty, fairness and rights, and provides the philosophical background for the liberal understanding of the relations between law and morality defended in Law, Liberty and Morality. 相似文献
6.
法的自由价值有三层含义:作为法的终极价值的“自由存在”,作为法的基本价值的“平等的行为自由”以及作为法的一类具体权利的“自由权”。对于上述含义的系统梳理应能为法治国家奠定一块坚实的价值论基石。 相似文献
7.
Abstract. Moral and theoretical deficiencies of the main foundation strategies in social and political systems (Social Engineering, Foundationalism and Invisible Hand theories) are explained by the necessity of a synthesis of different kinds of rationality, i.e., goal-rationality, norm-rationality and rightness and weighing rationality. The anthropological basis of the theory is a distinction between homo finalis and homo socialis. At the institutional level, this conception leads to a synthesis of the rule of law and the welfare state. At the political level, this implies a retonsideration of the principles of democracy and political planning. 相似文献
9.
法律与自由的关系经历了千百年的探索,凝聚了千百年的智慧,那么法律与自由到底是什么关系?马克思以其深邃的理论思维把自由的问题提到规律的高度加以考察和阐发,提出了"法典就是人民自由的圣经"这一著名命题,这是马克思早期法学思想的精华.马克思的这些思想不但为我们分析认识法律与自由、法律与民主、法律与规律等重要问题,提供了一个具体的范例,而且为我们提供了一般性的理论原则和方法,对我们今天实行依法治国,建设法治国家仍有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
10.
平等自由的法理念在劳动法上的实现经历了曲折的历史过程.在资本主义经济发展初期,劳动者的自由权因为劳动关系的从属性而在合同法的框架下被消解殆尽.严格限制甚至剥夺劳动者的自由是当时资产阶级朝野的共识.然而,这样的法律制度所带来的社会后果使资本主义政府逐渐认识到,"正义"在劳动关系中的实现不能简单依靠劳资双方的个别自由谈判,它需要政府的介入和劳资团体力量的相互制衡.劳动法正是在这样的理念支持下发展起来的.我国劳动关系的发展虽迥异于西方国家,但劳动法理念的缘起与制度变迁的理性脉络却与之有异曲同工之妙. 相似文献
11.
Islamic law changed radically in the last century and a half. It was codified and limited to the domain of personal and family law in almost all majority and minority Muslim states. The argument of this article is that this remarkable change in Islamic law began in the colonial state. Islamic law, as it functions within postcolonial Muslim states, is a product of negotiations between colonial and local elites over law, religion, culture, ethnicity, and the identity of the Muslim subject. In the case of colonial Malaya, this resulted in a codified, institutionalized legal system within a colonial state, which was critical in constructing Malay ethnic and religious identities and interpretations of Islam that prevail today. 相似文献
12.
在私法视野中,表达自由在本质上可以归结为一般人格权,是人格独立、人格自由、人格尊严的具体化。从民法上的意思表示理论出发,新闻自由表现为采访自由、写作自由、发表自由、编辑自由、表现形式自由这一环环紧扣的连续性过程。新闻自由的演变史与民法的现代化发展史之间存在根深蒂固的契合。思想的自由市场理论与私法自治之间亦存在不可忽略的勾连。 相似文献
14.
言论自由的主体是自然人 ,出版自由的主体是自然人和法人 ,新闻自由的主体是法人。法律应当对言论区别不同类型给以相应的保护 ;对出版自由 ,法律既要保护 ,又要限制 ,但二者的界限尚有待明确 ;法律对新闻自由在保护的同时 ,要注意它与公民个人权利、与国家权力、与公众人物的利益发生冲突时应采取不同的调整手段。 相似文献
15.
In an early-eighteenth-century legal contest on Chappaquiddick Island, Massachusetts, an Indian leader, Jacob Seeknout, appealed a ruling that under-mined his political authority. Seeknout's lawyer, Benjamin Hawes, crafted an argument that intertwined the sexual legitimacy of Seeknout's ancestors with his political legitimacy; at the same time, Hawes also linked Indians'collective chastity as a "nation" to their sovereign status. This paper examines the economic, religious, criminal, and historical contexts of this argument, exploring the history of Indians'conjugal practices and their reinvention as the criminal acts of fornication. The case illustrates some of the diverse sources of early American law, links between these legal structures and colonialism, and the importance for scholars of attending to the local level in exploring the power of colonial law to shape new racial identities. 相似文献
17.
A content analysis of the published materials in the Journal of Criminal Justice: An International Journal (JCJ), and the International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice (IJCACJ) was undertaken to evaluate if the international functional agenda of the journals to fill the present need for dissemination of new information, ideas and methods (to both practitioners and academicians in the criminal justice area) has been achieved. It was found that there is very limited international discourse currently going on in the Journal of Criminal Justice and that the bulk of the discussion in print in the journal is virtually inter- and intra-American. On the other hand, it was found that a substantial number of materials published in the International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice emanated from outside the United States, were written by non-U.S. practitioners and academicians, and focused on non-American criminal justice systems. It was concluded that in terms of regional composition of both journals' editorial staff, regional distribution of articles by source of origin and regional distribution of articles by subject content, the IJCACJ is more global in scope than the JCJ. The net result is that this journal is more “international” because it is seen to be more likely to generate and promote cross-cultural dialogue in the criminology/criminal justice enterprise. 相似文献
18.
本论文试图评析我国现行刑法对表达自由的规制和保护的现状,并得出结论认为我国刑法没有很好的贯彻言论自由的保护精神.第一,从在现行刑法的425个个罪中,挑选出47个与表达自由相关的个罪.第二,确定评价的精神和具体原则.第三,得出结论认为我国刑法没有很好的贯彻言论自由的保护精神. 相似文献
19.
The Kantian theory of private law, as Ernest Weinrib and Arthur Ripstein have developed it over the last two decades, is based on a fundamental normative truth, viz., no person is subordinate or superior to another person. Kantians construe any attempt to understand and justify the distribution of the rights-claims and rights-liberties that constitute private law in terms of aggregate welfare and/or distributive justice, as a deep category mistake. This essay outlines a ‘semi-Kantian’ theory of private law, which is like Kant’s in that it understands private law as a means of instituting and protecting private freedom. Yet, semi-Kantians insist that the choice between different private law programs, which respect private freedom equally well, can at times be justified by considerations of aggregate welfare and distributive justice, as well as other considerations that concern the impact on society as a whole. 相似文献
20.
The consequences of restricting or not restricting the rightto freedom of assembly are potentially magnified in transitionalsocieties. Yet determining whether such consequences are indeedharmful, and whether their cost should be bornedespite the harms caused, requires the elaboration of criteriawhich define what are valid and relevant harms. While a humanrights framework can perform this task, open-textured rightsstandards prescribe neither the threshold of legal interventionnor the goals of transition. By extension, the rule of lawunderpinnedby this rights discourseis silent about whether liberalor communitarian ideals should inform the reconstruction ofpublic space in conflicted or nascent democracies. Illustratedby analysis of legal interventions in parade disputes in NorthernIreland, this article argues that the rule of law is necessarilyorientated by ethical consensus about its scope. Furthermore,this consensus operates as a restraint upon the degree of normativediscontinuity permitted during transitional compromises. Thearticle frames the ethical options in terms of three liberty-limitingprinciplesthe argument from democracy, the argument fortoleration, and the argument for recognition. Each suggestsdifferent parameters for the transitional project and for therole of law within it. 相似文献
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