16例肺血栓栓塞猝死的法医学分析和临床研究

目的分析肺动脉血栓栓塞（pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE）猝死的法医病理学特点,探讨医疗过程中发生PTE的危险因素,为临床预防、治疗提供帮助。方法对本市2002年至2009年16例PTE猝死案件进行回顾性分析。结果每例均至少存在1项已知的高危因素,其中外伤12例,慢性疾病长期卧床1例,手术3例;发病到死亡的时间平均为1.2h,6例≤1h,3例≤12h。结论对于高龄（≥40岁）外伤或手术患者,预防、早期诊断和治疗PTE对于患者的生命至关重要,发现深静脉血栓形成者应采取紧急手段处理栓塞,谨防发生PTE致猝死。     

33例肺动脉血栓栓塞死亡的法医学分析

目的通过对肺动脉血栓栓塞(pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE)死亡的实际案例分析,探讨相关高危因素,并分析其与创伤及医疗因素的因果关系。方法对司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所2000—2014年33例PTE致死案件进行回顾分析。结果 33例中,男性16例,女性17例;死者死亡前多表现为不同程度呼吸困难、胸闷、晕厥症状;血栓主要分布于左、右肺动脉,栓子主要来源于下肢深静脉,左侧多见;创伤、限制体位、手术及自身血管病变为常见的高危因素;D-二聚体检测、凝血实验和CT肺动脉造影可作为PTE诊断的手段;部分案例中创伤因素及医疗因素可参与死亡原因的构成。结论 PTE猝死案件,多数存在临床症状不典型,往往合并有多种高危因素,法医学鉴定中应注重损伤或医疗因素的因果关系判断。     

肺血栓栓塞的临床和病理特征:89例回顾性分析

肺栓塞是内、外源性栓子阻塞肺动脉主干或分支引起的病理生理综合征,以肺血栓栓塞(pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE)最常见[1]。由于PTE缺乏特异性的临床症状,起病急骤,常常导致患者快速死亡,其死亡率高居心血管系统疾病的第三位[2]。PTE的主要危险因素包括外伤、手术、高龄、妊娠、服用抗精神病药物等[3]。PTE患者常合并其他损伤或疾病,其临床预防与及时诊疗存在极大困难。     

4例肺血栓栓塞致死的法医学鉴定

肺动脉血栓栓塞,简称肺血栓栓塞（pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE）,是指血栓栓塞肺动脉及其分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合症.因PTE导致的死亡突然、意外,常引起纠纷.本文回顾合肥市公安局刑科所4例因PTE死亡的案例资料,并就其猝死的发病机制及法医学鉴定应注意的问题进行讨论,以期有助于法医学实践工作.     

肺动脉栓塞猝死的法医病理学检验

对５０例肺动脉栓塞猝死案例分析,结果显示：引起肺动脉栓塞猝死的主要原因为创伤（４２％）,心脏疾病（３２％）,外科手术（２０％）等。血栓栓子多来源于下肢静脉（８０％）;其次为心腔内附壁血栓（２０％）。发生猝死高峰季节为１０～１２月;低峰季节为４～６月。猝死场所多见于医院内。最后提出了该病的法医学鉴定注意事项     

14例肺血栓栓塞的法医学鉴定分析

肺动脉血栓栓塞 ,简称肺血栓栓塞 (pulmonarythromboembolism ,PTE) ,是指血栓堵塞肺动脉及其分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合症[1] 。PTE引发猝死 ,常常需要进行法医学鉴定。由于其发病和临床表现往往呈隐匿性和非特异性及尸检工作的疏忽 ,容易漏检或误检。本文通过对     

新疆地区66例多类型栓塞死亡法医学尸检分析

总结分析不同类型的栓子(血栓、脂肪、空气、羊水)栓塞致死的一般特点,探讨其法医病理学鉴定要点及注意事项.对2015～2021年在新疆医科大学司法鉴定所鉴定的66例栓塞致死案例进行回顾分析.经过研究分析,导致患者出现栓塞的因素较多,栓塞致死以肺动脉血栓栓塞多见,另外空气栓塞、羊水栓塞和脂肪栓塞也不容忽视,其均能导致呼吸、...     

26例肺动脉血栓栓塞的法医学分析

肺动脉血栓栓塞,简称肺血栓栓塞（pulmonary thromboembolism PTE）,指血栓物质随血流进入肺动脉主干及其分支堵塞血管,造成急性肺循环障碍及心功能障碍。PTE发病急速,症状不典型,     

肺动脉栓塞引起猝死三例

肺动脉栓塞是摔死较常见的原因之一，其尸检检出率为3％[1]。现将我们所遇的3例尸检材料，结合文献复习，对肺动脉栓塞引起猝死的病理及法医学鉴定作一初步分析。案例摘要例1，男，32岁，工人。因十二指肠溃疡在某医院行胃亚全切术，术后恢复好，第五天开始食流质，术后第六天晚上9时7分解小便后两次说“不行了”，即倒地，抬回病室血压、脉搏不能测知，抢救无效，9时20分死亡。尸检发现肺动脉主干二条血栓（一条长6cm，直径1cm，另一条长5cm，直径0．8cm），镜下为混合血栓，栓子来源于髂静脉。病理诊断：（1）肺动脉主干血栓栓塞；（2）肺…     

脂肪栓塞中苏丹Ⅲ染色的定量分析

目的探讨苏丹Ⅲ染色如何定量应用于脂肪栓塞的法医学鉴定。方法应用苏丹Ⅲ对11例肺脂肪栓塞猝死的案例和11例其他原因致死的案例进行染色,并结合统计学方法对脂肪栓塞的阳性面积百分率及脂肪栓子数进行定量分析。结果脂肪栓塞致死者肺内苏丹Ⅲ染色阳性面积百分率为（5±1．7）％、脂肪栓子数为（9±2．4）％,均远大于其他原因致死的案例（P〈0．01）。结论苏丹Ⅲ染色法定量分析在脂肪栓塞中的法医学鉴定上结果可靠。     

外伤后大脑癫痫灶中SLIT-2的表达变化

目的通过测定人体大脑外伤后癫痫灶中轴突再生调控因子SLIT-2的表达情况,探讨其在外伤后癫痫鉴定中的应用意义。方法 75例人大脑皮质样本分为3组:①实验组:为脑外伤后癫痫患者(30例),②对照组1:为非外伤性癫痫患者(30例),③对照组2:为车祸致颅脑损伤死亡者(15例)。实验组和对照组1样本来源于癫痫手术所切除的脑皮质(患者或其近亲属知情,自愿提供);对照组2样本来源于尸体解剖的大脑皮质。通过HE染色、免疫组化染色、westernblot和图像分析技术,观察、检测上述样本SLIT-2的表达情况,所得数据经统计学处理分析。结果 SLIT-2在实验组与对照组1癫痫灶皮质的神经细胞膜上呈阳性表达,在对照组2中仅有微量表达。实验组SLIT-2的表达高于对照组1,两组间的差异具有显著性意义(P0.05);显著高于对照组2,两组间的差异具有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论 SLIT-2有望作为区别外伤后癫痫与非外伤性癫痫的病理指标之一,通过进一步研究,逐步运用到法医学的鉴定实践之中,为外伤后癫痫的法医病理学鉴定提供客观依据。     

Bcl-2蛋白在外伤性癫痫病灶中的表达

目的观察Bcl-2蛋白在外伤性癫痫病灶中的表达变化,探讨其作用机制。方法收集外伤性癫痫、非外性癫痫患者及交通事故死亡者脑皮质各15例,采用免疫组织化学和荧光免疫组织化学技术,观察各实验组Bcl-2蛋白表达水平,测定阳性表达的灰度值,数据采用SPSS 12.0软件进行统计分析。结果外伤性及非外伤性癫痫组Bcl-2蛋白表达水平均高于交通事故死亡组（P〈0.05）;而非外伤性癫痫组表达明显高于外伤性癫痫组,差异亦具有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 Bcl-2蛋白能抑制神经元凋亡,对外伤性癫痫的发病过程具有抑制作用。     

219例损伤与疾病关系的尸检案例分析

目的探讨损伤与疾病关系案例的特点。方法对本教研室近20年的219例涉及损伤与疾病关系的尸检案例进行回顾性研究。结果①219例中,20~59岁青壮年占71.7%;伤后<24h死亡占48.9%。②损伤以拳、足等钝器伤为主,以擦伤和挫伤多见,主要位于头、胸部。③疾病以心血管疾病最多,CNS疾病次之。④损伤与疾病相关的案例占71.2%,最常见的是“疾病为主、损伤为辅”。结论损伤与疾病关系案例的死者多为男性青壮年,冠心病和病理性脑出血是两个主要的疾病;将损伤与疾病关系分为“单纯损伤致死、单纯疾病致死、损伤为主疾病为辅和疾病为主损伤为辅”四类简单而实用。     

Is There a Relationship Between Bladder Outlet Obstruction due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Pulmonary Thromboembolism?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia with chronic bladder outlet obstruction has been associated with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and fatal pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). To evaluate this further, 60 autopsy cases of men with PTE were compared with 60 age-matched controls. The criteria for outlet obstruction were macroscopic prostatic enlargement with bladder trabeculation and benign prostatic hyperplasia on microscopy. Ten of the 60 men (16.7%) with fatal PTE had evidence of bladder outlet obstruction (age 57-78 years; mean 71.4 years). Of the 60 controls, 12 had evidence of bladder outlet obstruction (20%) (age 67-86 years; mean 75.5 years). No significant relationship could be demonstrated between bladder outlet obstruction and fatal PTE cases (p = 0.8). Given reports of this association, however, it is possible that bladder distension with venous compression may act as a risk modifier in certain individuals in association with other significant comorbidities, but this risk appears low.     

Patterns of Trauma Induced by Motorboat and Ferry Propellers as Illustrated by Three Known Cases from Rhode Island*

Abstract: Understanding patterns of trauma is important to determining cause and manner of death. A thorough evaluation of taphonomy, trauma, and bone fracture mechanisms is necessary to reconstruct the circumstances of the death. This study examines the skeletal trauma caused by boat propeller strikes in terms of wound characteristics and location based on three cases from Rhode Island. These case studies review the traumatic characteristics caused by propeller injuries and highlight the anatomic regions most likely to sustain skeletal trauma. With this information, investigators may be able to identify propeller trauma even in severely decomposed remains. The discussion of boat propeller trauma also raises issues regarding how forensic anthropologists and forensic pathologists classify trauma (specifically blunt force vs. sharp) and highlights semantic issues arising in trauma classification. The study also discusses why these propeller cases should be classified as blunt trauma rather than sharp or chop/hack trauma. Ultimately, the authors urge consistency and communication between pathologist and forensic anthropologists performing trauma analyses.     

The association between body mass index and pulmonary thromboembolism in an autopsy population

Abstract: To evaluate the association between obesity and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in a forensic context, 160 autopsy cases of fatal PTE were compared with age‐ and gender‐matched controls. The mean age of cases was 66 years (range 26–98 years; M/F 74:86). The mean body mass index (BMI) of cases with PTE was 30.88 (range 14.95–79.51), which was significantly higher than in the controls (mean BMI = 25.33; range 12.49–61.84) (p < 0.0001). Comparing the group with PTE with controls showed that five (3.1%) compared to 20 (12.5%) were underweight, 39 (24.4%) compared to 67 (41.88%) were of normal weight, 49 (30.63%) compared to 43 (26.88%) were overweight, 43 (26.88%) compared to 24 (15%) were obese, and 24 (15.0%) compared to six (3.75%) were morbidly obese. In each category of above‐normal BMIs, there were significantly greater numbers in the groups with PTE: overweight (p < 0.01), obese (p < 0.001), and morbidly obese (p < 0.0001).     

眼部损伤程度法医学鉴定60例分析

目的探讨眼外伤的特点及其损伤程度法医学鉴定要点。方法对60例眼外伤的法医学鉴定案例进行回顾性分析,对所有案例按照性别、年龄、职业、致伤物及损伤类型进行分类研究。结果眼外伤中农民、工人占61.7%,钝性损伤达85.0%,且大多属单纯挫伤,占63.3%。结论眼外伤大多属钝性外力所致,眼底病变是影响视力的重要原因,对外力与视力受损关系的评价要充分考虑致伤物种类、打击部位及伤前眼病史等诸多因素的影响。     

82例肾上腺出血的法医病理学分析

目的 分析肾上腺出血与个体死亡原因、年龄和性别的关系。方法 对82例。肾上腺出血的案例进行统计学分析。结果 （1）肾上腺出血在猝死、感染、外伤和窒息中最多见。（2）肾上腺出血男性多于女性。猝死、外伤和中毒的肾上腺出血多见于青壮年，感染以幼儿多见，窒息主要为胎儿和新生儿。（3）猝死和窒息的肾上腺出血部位主要在髓质，感染以皮质出血为主，外伤在包膜和髓质的出血概率相等。结论 在法医检案过程中，肾上腺出血可以为寻找死因提供线索。     

A forensic pathological study of eighty-two cases of adrenal hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between adrenal hemorrhage and the cause of death, age and gender. METHODS: Eighty-two cases of adrenal hemorrhage were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Adrenal hemorrhage occurred mostly in cases of sudden death, infection, trauma and asphyxia. Male had more chance than female to have adrenal hemorrhage. Adrenal hemorrhage caused by sudden death, trauma and poisoning was more frequently seen in young adults, whereas adrenal hemorrhage in children as well as in fetus and newborns was often caused by infection as well as sudden death and asphyxia respectively. Adrenal hemorrhage caused by sudden death and asphyxia was mainly located in medulla, while the infection usually induced hemorrhage in cortex. Adrenal hemorrhage caused by trauma showed an equal opportunity in either the cortex or medulla. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that adrenal hemorrhage might provide some clues in searching for the cause of death.