Public Opinion and the Role of Government Arts Funding in Spain

While several studies have probed the determinants of public support for government funding of arts and culture in the United States, little work to date has addressed the question in Europe. Yet as private cultural funding increases in magnitude in most Western European countries, the answer to this question has policy implications. This article formalizes the theory of the determinants of this public support in a model, employs public opinion data from Spain to estimate this model, and compares the results with those from the U.S. I find that support in Spain increases strongly with age, but is insignificant in most other variables. The article's empirical results yield several lessons for cultural policy design.     

法治化视阈中的历史文化名城建设——兼以杭州市为例

在新的历史时期,坚持科学发展观,以人为本,秉持法治,高扬法治精神,对于把握杭州独特个性,传承弘扬杭州文化特色,彰显城市魅力,促进杭州的历史文化名城建设、发展和保护,具有特别重要的意义。     

浅谈新农村建设背景下如何做好乡镇基层党务公开工作

党务公开,就是指党的工作和活动,在条件许可的情况下,具有或应该具有公开性,而不再具有或不应该具有秘密性。近年来,随着我国民主的不断发展,党务公开思想已逐步为各级领导接受和重视,各地也相继进行了一些有益探索,但总体而言,实行党务公开时间还不长,如何加以规范和实施科学引导,成为推进乡镇基层党务公开必须着力解决的一个热点。     

Rethinking calculation: the popularization of financial trading outside the global centres of finance

Abstract

The paper looks at the popularization of financial trading in Israel. It presents a qualitative analysis of the calculative models and techniques that are promoted by financial trading schools, service firms and books. Broadly, the popularization of trading in this field involves a focus on ‘technical analysis’ (TA) and relies upon a socio-psychological reading of financial charts. Incorporating explicitly non-economic ideas into traders’ calculative logic – including an emic notion of ‘performativity’ – popular TA constitutes an attempt to ‘reverse’ the making of markets: to calculatively trace price formations back to the minds, hearts and arrangement from which they had allegedly sprung as a means of foreseeing their future shape before it fully materializes. Tying the psyche and the market in a calculative loop, popular TA transcends existing social theories of financial calculation. The paper discusses this challenge and its implications for our understanding of the expansion of finance.     

Dissent in Iberia: The ideal points of justices on the Spanish and Portuguese Constitutional Tribunals

In this article, the non‐unanimous decisions of the Portuguese and Spanish Constitutional Tribunals for the periods 1989–2009 and 2000–2009 are analysed. It is shown that judicial dissent can be predicted moderately well on the basis of judicial ideal points along a single dimension. This dimension is equivalent to the left–right cleavage in both Portugal and Spain. The characteristics of the recovered dimension are demonstrated by analysing both the properties of the cases and the properties of the justices who decided them.     

试析毛泽东的国情观——纪念毛泽东逝世30周年

毛泽东是对近代中国国情研究的典范。他深刻洞悉中国半殖民地、半封建的社会性质;科学分析半殖民地半封建社会的阶级关系;深刻认识中国社会经济发展的不平衡性和矛盾的复杂性;客观分析革命根据地社会经济状况与阶级关系,为正确制定新民主主义的革命纲领奠定了坚实的基础。     

Reconstructing Heritage in the Aftermath of Civil War: Re-Visioning the Nation and the Implications of International Involvement

Abstract

Culture is an indispensable asset in post-conflict recovery processes; however, it can also be used as a means of continuing violence on a symbolic and ideological level, particularly in the case of civil wars. In a reconstruction paradigm this violence often takes the form of struggles over history, memory, heritage, and identity. Despite the context-specific differences of conflicts, their aftermaths do retain some common elements—such as an emphasis on re-envisioning history and re-defining national identity. This article examines three issues: the intentionality guiding choices about what to rebuild, the symbolic landscape that emerges as a result, and the ethical issues that arise from third party intervention in the reconstruction of cultural heritage. The rhetoric that surrounds reconstruction projects differs widely from the reality on the ground and I will argue that it is important to understand this in order to assess the impact that reconstruction can have on attempts at reconciliation, identity and state-building. This article also examines some of the ethical issues involved in the post-conflict reconstruction of cultural heritage including the role of international values associated to ‘heritage of mankind’ and their possible conflict with local valuations of cultural heritage. This area of study is becoming increasingly urgent. International organizations have escalated their involvement in post-conflict reconstruction work and in these interventions they impress their particular code of values on fragile societies often without a full appreciation of the possible long-term consequences of their actions.     

乡镇机构改革中若干问题的思考

取消农业税後，中国各地正紧锣密鼓地进行乡镇机构改革试点，大规模的改革已箭在弦上。本文对乡镇机构改革试点中出现的一些问题，如政府责任、机构对应、交叉任职、公共物品供给、经济职能、乡村撤并、社会稳定以及上级政府的呼应性改革等进行了讨论。     

国际关系中的世界城市:世界体系论的视角

论文在简要回顾了世界体系论的主要观点的基础上,系统地总结了从世界体系角度出发的世界城市理论。该理论认为,世界城市的性质、地位和内部特征都由世界经济体系所决定,随着劳动分工、资本控制的变化而变化;在信息时代和全球化的背景下,世界城市承担着国际生产、金融和资本控制中心的职能,实现着最大化的剩余价值抽取;跨国资本阶层是世界城市的主人和主要受益者,中低收入阶层、移民等群体的处境却在恶化;世界城市由于在金融、生产性服务业和企业总部等方面的集中性程度的差异,构成了一个以中心和半边缘地带的世界城市为核心、世界其他地区为边缘的世界城市体系。论文的最后对从世界体系角度出发的世界城市理论进行了简要的总结、评论和批判。     

集体行动困境的应对之道--以广州市老旧小区加装电梯工作为例

老旧小区加装电梯是一项面向特定空间、特定人群的准公共产品,居民协商是实现这一公共产品供给的集体行动,但居民的个体理性会导致实施时出现集体行动困境。广州是国内较早开展这项工作的城市,通过访谈和政策内容分析梳理广州市老旧小区加装电梯的工作历程,结合集体行动理论分析老旧小区加装电梯面临的协商规模和价值偏好的困境,并在此基础上进一步探讨居民协商集体行动困境的破解之策。广州市的经验不仅为其他城市老旧小区加装电梯提供了借鉴,也为今后通过制度设计促成居民集体行动、推进城镇老旧小区改造工作,形成社区治理的长效机制提供了有益的启示。     

试论“桂林抗战文化城”之现今价值与意义

"桂林抗战文化城"在抗战时期成为一道耀眼的景观,而在今天,它仍然具有当下的价值与意义。主要从再现辉煌历史成就、成为城市响亮名片以及提供参考借鉴三个方面对"桂林抗战文化城"所具有的当下意义进行探讨,以期对"桂林抗战文化城"之现今价值与意义有一个正确的认识,并将其所具有的精神及现代意义用于桂林未来发展与建设。     

The use of antisemitism in the Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War saw an outburst of antisemitism in the Nationalist-controlled areas of the peninsula and in the Moroccan protectorate, an antisemitism influenced by the work of ultra-right-wing intellectuals associated with the Acción Española review. All the factions of the Nationalist camp interpreted the civil war as a crusade against the 'Jewish-Masonic-Bolshevist' conspiracy. In mainland Spain, where there were only a few Jewish families, antisemitism was largely confined to the written word. In this way, it was used mostly as a rhetorical tool to attack the Nationalists' real and imaginary enemies: the Republican forces, the French and the Soviets. Although there was no systemic persecution of the Jews, some aggressive acts took place in Seville and Barcelona. The situation of the larger Jewish community in Spanish Morocco was quite different. The Moroccan Jews were adversely affected by the Nationalists' efforts to enlist the support of the Muslim population against the Republicans and by the German presence in the protectorate. They were also victimized by the Falangists who confiscated their property and imposed heavy fines on them. The military authorities of Morocco tried to restrain these excesses as they realized that blatant antisemitism could hurt the rebels' image abroad. They also believed that Jewish wealth and connections could serve the Nationalist cause.     

‘I can’t remember a more depressing time but I don’t blame anyone for that’: remembering and commemorating the wartime internment of enemy aliens in Britain

ABSTRACT

In October 2000, David Cesarani decried the unnecessary internment of refugees from Nazi Germany in Britain during the Second World War on the BBC Radio 4 programme Behind the Wire. Until the last few decades, little was known about the internment of enemy aliens by the British during the war. However, in recent years, novels such as David Baddiel’s The Secret Purposes, published in 2004, and exhibitions such as ‘Schwitters in Britain’ at the Tate Britain in 2013, have introduced a wider audience to this oft-forgotten part of the British wartime narrative. Some of those interned in Britain were sent to Canada and Australia, which led to the greatest tragedy of the entire internment debacle, the sinking of the Arandora Star. The year 2015 marked the seventy-fifth anniversary of this tragedy, and the memory of those who were lost lives on in the British–Italian community. However, outside those affected by the Arandora Star disaster, little is commemorated or understood by the general public. Yet the legacy of the former internees is all around us. Who has not, on visiting the British Library, walked past former internee’s Eduardo Paolozzi’s statue of Newton? What connoisseur of classical music has not enjoyed the sound of the Amadeus Quartet, perhaps the only positive outcome of internment? Pistol’s article will examine the memory of the camps and consider the differences between how internment has been remembered and commemorated by former internees and the general public.     

From absent to present pasts: civil society,democracy and the shifting place of memory in Brazil

This article takes Alexis de Tocqueville’s concern with the emotional life of citizens as a cue for exploring the role of collective memory within ‘the self-organizing sphere’ and asking how the invocation of memory affects progress towards democracy. The article hones in on the Brazilian experience, re-assessing Brazil’s amnesiac past as well as its much-lauded ‘turn to memory’. Against common assertions that Brazil’s ‘turn to memory’ will enhance the country’s democratic credentials, this article argues that the move from an ‘absent’ to a ‘present’ past in Brazil in fact bodes rather mixed prospects for the country’s democratic deepening.     

论召公在我国思想史上的地位

学术界充分肯定了周公在我国思想史上的地位,而召公则被忽视。其实,召公对我国思想史发展的深远影响,是可与周公媲美的。这表现在召公:就如何对待"天"及发展西周王朝,提出了"天不可信",振兴西周王朝这决定于我——"时我",推进了从神本走向人本的历史进程;提出了处在共同体中的"休(美好)"、"恤(忧患)"矛盾的对立统一,强调防止"休"向"恤"转化,此实为和谐哲学的雏形;提出了"弥性"的性善说和"节性"的性恶说,开启了我国人性论的先导;提出了"敬德保民",以德治国的新思想;提出了要以夏、殷"不敬德"而亡国为鉴。其"不敬德"的内涵集中到一点就是"贪婪腐败"。故以夏、殷为鉴,就是要以其"贪婪腐败"而亡国的教训为鉴,从而揭示了一个国家政治清廉则兴,贪婪腐败则亡的历史规律;召公为政清廉,为民不扰民,以利民便民为务,这既是"敬德保民"思想的身体力行,又是其平民化思想的标志。总之,召公对上述六个方面的论述的深刻性超越了周公,对思想史的发展做出了独特的杰出贡献,应充分肯定其在我国思想史上的崇高地位。     

论信赖原则及其在交通肇事罪认定中的适用

信赖原则具有平衡社会公共安全保护与交通建设事业发展、限制过失犯罪成立范围的功能,其适用条件有严格的限制。国外关于信赖原则的立法、判例对我国在刑法理论、立法领域引入该原则具有非常重要的借鉴意义。我国目前的交通设施环境、法治观念等已经基本具备了适用信赖原则的条件。     

非法供述排除规则问题反思

被告人供述具有直接证据的属性,因其能为案件侦破提供丰富的证据线索而倍受侦查人员的重视。在现行司法体制和诉讼结构下,被告人供述证据的非法获得与使用滋生了严重的法律和社会问题。刑讯逼供泛滥、案卷笔录中心主义的法庭裁判模式等一系列问题导致了一批冤假错案的集中爆发,也催生了刑事诉讼法的再修改。但新修改的刑事诉讼法,仍是立足原有司法体制土壤中的技术革新,难以弥补体制本身的漏洞,实践中有关非法供述证据研究方向的偏离、相关举证责任倒置规定的流于形式都反映了非法供述证据在新刑诉时代仍将存在排除上的障碍。     

浅论侦查工作中的测谎知识普及

测谎研究应当突破当前单纯技术层面的研究,立足大侦查、大测谎,重视侦、测、审的综合研究,为测谎技术的更好发展寻求有效途径。对侦查人员进行测谎知识的科学普及教育是行之有效的方法之一,有助于测谎技术为侦查工作的有效服务。     

坚持以科学发展观为指导全面建设小康社会

全面建设小康社会是党和国家到2020年的奋斗目标，是各族人民的根本利益之所在。第三步战略的重大实现，必须立足当前的现实问题，坚持以科学发展观为根本指针，吸取改革开放三十年的经验教训，夺取全面小康的伟大胜利。