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1.
Tiffany L. Brown Miriam R. Linver Melanie Evans Donna DeGennaro 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(2):214-227
This study examined the relationship of racial and ethnic socialization and academic achievement in a sample of 218 African
American adolescents (grades 9–12; 52% girls) attending a public high school in the northeastern United States. Researchers
were particularly interested in whether adolescent gender moderated the relationship between racial and ethnic socialization
and academic grades. Results indicated that aspects of ethnic socialization, African American cultural values and African
American heritage were linked to adolescent grades. Additionally, adolescent gender was found to moderate the association
between these socialization variables and grades. The findings also suggest that socialization provided by paternal caregivers
around African American cultural values and African American heritage may have differential effects for academic grades than
the socialization messages provided by maternal caregivers. Information generated from this study broadens the understanding
of socialization factors that can facilitate positive academic outcomes in African American youth and has practical implications
for parents and educators.
相似文献
Tiffany L. BrownEmail: |
2.
Within an ethnically diverse sample of young adults (n = 223, 26% Latin American, 14% Asian American, 32% Filipino American, 28% European American), average levels of ethnic identity
was found to vary significantly across different relational contexts. Regardless of ethnicity, young adults reported highest
levels of ethnic exploration and ethnic belonging with parents, followed by same-ethnic peers, then different-ethnic peers.
Significantly greater variation between relational contexts generally was found for ethnic exploration compared to ethnic
belonging. Greater variation in ethnic identity, particularly between same-ethnic and different-ethnic contexts was associated
with lower self-esteem, positive affect, relational competence, and higher negative affect, though these liabilities were
only found for European American youth. The discussion emphasizes the importance of examining ethnic identity as a dynamic
construct that can vary as a function of relationships, and proposes directions for future research.
相似文献
Lisa KiangEmail: |
3.
Enrique W. NeblettJr. Ciara P. Smalls Kahlil R. Ford Hòa X. Nguyên Robert M. Sellers 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(2):189-203
This study uses two waves of data to examine the relationships among patterns of racial socialization experiences and racial
identity in a sample of 358 African American adolescents (60% female and 40% male). Using latent class analyses, we identified
three patterns of adolescent-reported racial socialization experiences: High Positive, Moderate Positive, and Low Frequency.
Adolescent-reported racial socialization experiences at Wave 1 were associated with Wave 2 adolescent racial identity approximately
one year later. Specifically, High Positive and Low Frequency racial socialization were associated with racial centrality,
assimilationist ideology, and nationalist ideology. These findings suggest that various patterns of racial socialization practices
play an important role in the developing significance and meaning that African American adolescents ascribe to race.
相似文献
Enrique W. Neblett Jr.Email: |
4.
Development and Validation of the Adolescent Racial and Ethnic Socialization Scale (ARESS) in African American Families 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Racial and ethnic socialization are an integral part of African American parenting strategies. Varied conceptualizations and
operationalizations of racial and ethnic socialization exist within the literature with limited evidence of the validity of
existing measures. The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive definition of racial and ethnic socialization and
to validate a new measure termed the Adolescent Racial and Ethnic Socialization Scale (ARESS). Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis
(CFA), findings from 218 African American adolescents (grades 9–12) support the multidimensional nature of racial and ethnic
socialization. Results also indicate that racial and ethnic socialization are distinct constructs reflecting the utility of
this instrument for African American youth.
相似文献
Tiffany L. BrownEmail: |
5.
Rebecca A. Colman Do Han Kim Susan Mitchell-Herzfeld Therese A. Shady 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(3):355-366
Although the number of girls served by the juvenile justice system has grown dramatically, little is known about the adult
offending patterns of delinquent girls and the factors associated with their persistence and desistance from adult crime.
To address this gap, we prospectively track 499 girls (62% Black, 16% Hispanic) discharged from juvenile justice facilities
in the early 1990s and document their adult arrests, convictions, and incarcerations between the ages of 16–28. Trajectory
analysis reveals four distinct early adult offending paths: Rare/Non-Offending (RN), Low Chronic (LC), Low-Rising (LR), and
High Chronic (HC). Girls assigned to the LR and LC path are responsible for a disproportionate amount of adult arrests and
are more likely than girls on the RN and LC path to come from homes characterized by high levels of family dysfunction and
child maltreatment. Adoption of a therapeutic, trauma-sensitive and family-centered approach to female delinquency programming
is recommended.
相似文献
Rebecca A. ColmanEmail: |
6.
Belinda L. Needham 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(8):893-905
This study applies latent growth curve analysis to data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent
Health (n = 10,828) and finds that symptoms of depression and social support interact with one another in a dynamic fashion across
the transition from adolescence (mean age at Wave 1 = 15.28 years) to young adulthood (mean age at Wave 3 = 21.65 years).
Parental support during adolescence is inversely associated with initial symptoms of depression for girls and boys, although
adolescent girls with low levels of parental support begin the study period with significantly higher levels of depressive
symptomatology than their male counterparts. In addition, adolescents who begin the study period with higher levels of depressive
symptomatology report less parental support during young adulthood. Finally, regardless of their initial level of depressive
symptoms, girls and boys who experience increased symptoms of depression over time also report lower levels of parental support
at the end of the study period.
相似文献
Belinda L. NeedhamEmail: |
7.
Ciara Smalls 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(2):204-213
Previous research has explored how differential youth outcomes are associated with racial socialization and parenting style
individually, but very little work has examined whether democratic-involved parenting style bolsters the positive link between
racial messages and adolescent outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine mothers’ use of democratic-involved parenting
as a moderator of the association between racial socialization (e.g., racial pride, racial barrier, and self-worth messages)
and youth engagement. The types of engagement explored were attitudes toward class work and persistence on task. Ninety-four
African American youth (ages 11–14) reported on maternal style and socialization. As predicted, racial barrier socialization
was positively associated with engagement among adolescents who perceived their mothers to provide more involvement coupled
with opportunities for their teens to make decisions. In contrast, barrier socialization and engagement were negatively associated
among adolescents who viewed their mothers as low in democratic-involved parenting. Implications for adolescent engagement
and for research on racial socialization and democratic-involved parenting style are discussed.
相似文献
Ciara SmallsEmail: |
8.
This study explored factors that may be associated with early initiation of sexual activity among adolescents. Using the cumulative
risk model, we hypothesized that as exposure to risk factors increases, so does the likelihood of early sexual debut. A sample
of 273 (53% girls, 90% European American) adolescents was followed longitudinally from age 13 to 15. The results indicate
that, for girls, increased television viewing, low self-esteem, poor parental relationships, living in a non-intact household,
higher levels of externalizing behavior (ADHD symptomology), low academic achievement, and parents with low education levels
were associated with earlier sexual debut. For boys, advanced pubertal development, increased television viewing, higher rates
of externalizing behaviors (ADHD and ODD symptoms), and poor parental relationships were associated with earlier sexual debut.
As hypothesized, predictive power increases with the accumulation of these risks; girls are 1.56 times more likely to become
sexually active with an increase of only one risk and boys are 1.90 times more likely.
相似文献
Myeshia N. PriceEmail: |
9.
This study examined gender differences in cross-gender violence perpetration and victimization (ranging from mild, e.g., push,
to severe, e.g., assault with a knife or gun) and attitudes toward dating conflict, among an urban sample of 601 early adolescents
(78% African-American). Comparisons across gender groups for cross-gender (e.g., female-to-male) violence perpetration and
victimization indicated higher levels of perpetration for girls and higher levels of victimization for boys. Girls also reported
higher levels of verbal and physical violence toward partners with regard to attitudes toward dating conflict. A path model
was specified and indicated that cross-gender violence perpetration, harsh parenting, peer deviance, low family income, and
neighborhood hazards accounted for significant variation in attitudes toward dating conflict. Findings were discussed regarding
the need to identify developmental precursors of dating violence in early adolescence and to focus prevention efforts on components
(e.g., social skills, coping strategies) necessary to prevent the onset and escalation of adolescent dating violence.
相似文献
Sylvie MrugEmail: |
10.
Amy M. Bohnert Maryse Richards Krista Kohl Edin Randall 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(4):587-601
Using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), this cross-sectional study examined mediated and moderated associations between
different types of discretionary time activities and depressive symptoms and delinquency among a sample of 246 (107 boys,
139 girls) fifth through eighth grade urban African American adolescents. More time spent in passive unstructured activities
was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms only for adolescents residing in less dangerous neighborhoods, whereas
more time spent in active unstructured activities was associated with higher levels of delinquency only if adolescents resided
in more dangerous neighborhoods. Alienation was positively associated with depressive symptoms and delinquency, but neither
alienation nor positive affect mediated the relationship between activities and adjustment. These findings suggest the importance
of considering neighborhood environment issues when determining what types of discretionary time activities are most beneficial
for urban African American young adolescents.
相似文献
Amy M. BohnertEmail: |
11.
Cady Berkel Velma McBride Murry Tera R. Hurt Yi-fu Chen Gene H. Brody Ronald L. Simons Carolyn Cutrona Frederick X. Gibbons 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(2):175-188
Prior research demonstrates negative consequences of racism, however, little is known about community, parenting, and intrapersonal
mechanisms that protect youth. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study illuminated linkages between positive and negative
contextual influences on rural African American adolescent outcomes. Quantitative results provide support for Structural Ecosystems
Theory, in that the influence of discrimination and collective socialization on adolescent outcomes was mediated by racial
socialization and positive parenting. Parenting and community influences contributed to adolescent racial identity and self
image, which protected against common negative responses to racism; including academic underachievement, succumbing to peer
pressure, and aggressive tendencies. Qualitative results indicate that current measures of discrimination may underestimate
adolescents’ experiences. Adolescents reported racist experiences in the domains of school, peers, and with the police (males
only). Moreover, qualitative findings echoed and expanded quantitative results with respect to the importance of the protective
nature of parents and communities.
相似文献
Cady BerkelEmail: |
12.
Ellen Reitz Peter Prinzie Maja Deković Kirsten L. Buist 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(5):623-634
The purpose of the present study was to examine the direct and indirect effects (through peer contacts) of parental knowledge
on adolescents’ delinquent and aggressive problem behavior, using latent growth curve modeling. A sample of 457 13- to 14-year
old adolescents at first measurement wave (M=13.27; SD=0.45 years) filled out questionnaires about their parents, peers, and problem behavior three times with 1-year
intervals in between. Regarding initial levels of behavior, both direct and indirect effects of parental knowledge were found
on aggressive as well as on delinquent behavior. When the rate of change in behaviors was considered, only direct effects
were found for both types of problem behavior, whereas indirect effects were absent. Gender differences were also found, with
stronger effects of parenting on both aggressive and delinquent problem behavior for boys and stronger effects of peer contacts
on aggressive behavior for girls. The present study shows that different behaviors of the externalizing spectrum have different
trajectories and diverse relations with parenting and should not be treated as identical.
相似文献
Kirsten L. BuistEmail: |
13.
This study investigated the relationship between social information processing (SIP) and both relational and overt, physical
aggression in a longitudinally-followed sample of 228 adolescent girls (ages 11–18; 140 with ADHD and 88 comparison girls).
During childhood, girls participated in naturalistic summer camps where peer rejection, overt physical aggression, and relational
aggression were assessed via multiple informants and methods. Approximately 4.5 years later, these girls participated in follow-up
assessments during which they completed a commonly-used vignette procedure to assess SIP; overt and relational aggression
were again assessed through multiple informants. Correlations between (a) overt and relational aggression and (b) maladaptive
SIP were modest in this female adolescent sample. However, relationships between aggression and SIP were stronger for the
comparison girls than for the girls with ADHD. The relevance of SIP models for adolescent girls and clinical implications
of findings are discussed.
相似文献
Amori Yee MikamiEmail: |
14.
The goal of the study was to examine whether social motives (social mimicry, mutual attraction, and unreciprocated attraction)
predict changes in antisocial behavior across middle school grades. The 2,003 initial participants (55% girls) were drawn
from a larger longitudinal study of urban public school students: 44% Latino, 26% African-American, 10% Asian, 9% Caucasian,
and 11% multiracial. Analyses of peer nominations and teacher-rated behavior included five waves of data between the fall
of sixth grade and the spring of eighth grade (n = 1,260–1,347 for longitudinal analyses). Supporting the social mimicry hypothesis, students who associated peer-directed
aggression with high social status in the beginning of middle school engaged in elevated levels of antisocial conduct during
the second year in the new school. Additionally, unreciprocated attraction toward peers who bully others in the beginning
of middle school was related to increased antisocial behavior in the last year of middle school. No support was obtained for
the mutual attraction hypothesis. The findings provide insights about possible social motives underlying susceptibility to
negative peer influence.
相似文献
Alice Y. HoEmail: |
15.
The Tangled Web: Delinquency, Deception, and Parental Attachment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mark Warr 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(5):607-622
Delinquent youth display weaker attachment to their parents than do other youth, but the reasons for this remain unclear.
One explanation is that delinquent youth poison their relations with parents by lying to them about their friends, behavior,
whereabouts, and more. Analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health reveals that lying to parents
is an exceptionally strong and robust correlate of delinquent behavior, and is associated with a variety of surreptitious
behaviors – late bedtimes, hanging with friends, concealing whereabouts. Lying to parents appears to have a progressively
negative impact on the parent-child bond, meaning that the well-established attachment/delinquency association is not solely a parent effect. Youth who lie to their parents do not appear to do so blithely, however. Compared to other youth,
they hold themselves in lower regard and are more often depressed. Although parents are often angered by and distrustful of
deceitful children, their children's fabrications may say less about their regard for their parents than about the strength
of other loyalties.
相似文献
Mark WarrEmail: |
16.
The Skinny on Body Dissatisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Girls and Boys 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
The present study tested whether theoretically derived risk factors predicted increases in body dissatisfaction and whether gender moderated these relations with data from a longitudinal study of 428 adolescent girls and boys because few prospective studies have examined these aims, despite evidence that body dissatisfaction increases risk for various psychiatric disturbances. Body dissatisfaction showed significant increases for girls and significant decreases for boys during early adolescence. For both genders, parental support deficits, negative affectivity, and self-reported dietary restraint showed significant relations to future increases in body dissatisfaction. Ideal body internalization and body mass index did not demonstrate significant relations to future increases in body dissatisfaction; peer support deficits showed a marginal relation to this outcome. Gender did not moderate these relations, despite adequate power to detect interactive effects.
相似文献
Sarah Kate BearmanEmail: |
17.
Megan L. Mayberry Dorothy L. Espelage Brian Koenig 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(8):1038-1049
This study tested a social-ecological model of adolescent substance use. Multilevel modeling was used to investigate how systems,
such as parents, peers, schools, and communities, directly influence and interact together to influence adolescent substance
use. Participants included 14,548 (50.3% female) middle school students who were 78.6% White, 5.4% Biracial, 4.8% Asian, 4.8%
Black, and 3.6% Hispanic. Participants completed a survey with scales assessing substance use, peer influences, parental influences,
and characteristics of their school and community. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to consider the variation of
parental and peer influences on substance use and how schools and communities relate to both substance use and the relationship
between substance use and peer and parental factors. Results indicated that a positive school climate and a positive sense
of community were associated with less adolescent substance use and that a positive sense of community moderated the relation
between peer and parental influence on adolescent substance use, thereby acting as a protective factor.
相似文献
Brian KoenigEmail: |
18.
This study draws on the social-discount and social-rejection hypotheses to examine the effect of perceived discrimination
on immigrant youths’ depressive moods, self-efficacy, and preferences for in-group socialization experiences. Data from a
panel study of immigrant young adolescents (aged 12–18) who came to Israel from countries of the former Soviet Union during
the preceding 6 years was used (n = 732). The average age of participants was 15.5 years; and 50% were boys. Partial support emerged for the social-rejection
hypothesis: perceived discrimination increases depressive moods and reduces self-esteem. Yet increased perceived discrimination
did not increase the preference for in-group socialization. Perceived discrimination seems to be detrimental to individuals’
psychological well-being but apparently does not hinder social integration.
相似文献
Gustavo S. MeschEmail: |
19.
Pubertal Effects on Adjustment in Girls: Moving from Demonstrating Effects to Identifying Pathways 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
Julia A. Graber Jeanne Brooks-Gunn Michelle P. Warren 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2006,35(3):391-401
The present investigation examines mediated pathways from pubertal development to changes in depressive affect and aggression. Participants were 100 white girls who were between the ages of 10 and 14 (M=12.13, SD=.80); girls were from well-educated, middle- to upper-middle class families, and attended private schools in a major northeastern urban area. Three aspects of pubertal development were examined: (a) estradiol categories tapping gonadal maturation; (b) dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels indicating adrenal maturation; and (c) pubertal timing (early vs. other). Three potential mediators were also examined: emotional arousal, attention difficulties, and negative life events. Tests of mediated models indicated that early pubertal timing predicted higher emotional arousal which subsequently predicted increased depressive affect. Negative life events, and possibly attention difficulties, mediated the associations of both estradiol category and DHEAS with aggression. These findings highlight the potential for more intensive investigation of gonadal and adrenal processes in explaining affective changes at puberty.
相似文献
Julia A. Graber (Associate Professor)Email: |
20.
Robert A. Lonardo Peggy C. Giordano Monica A. Longmore Wendy D. Manning 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(3):367-383
Adolescent networks include parents, friends, and romantic partners, but research on the social learning mechanisms related
to delinquency has not typically examined the characteristics of all three domains simultaneously. Analyses draw on data from
the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (n = 957), and our analytic sample contains 51% male and 49% female as well as 69% white, 24% African-American, and 7% Latino
respondents. Parents,’ peers,’ and partners’ deviance are each related to respondents’ delinquency, and affiliation with a
greater number of deviant networks is associated with higher self-reported involvement. Analyses that consider enmeshment
type indicate that those with both above average romantic partner and friend delinquency report especially high levels of
self-reported involvement. In all comparisons, adolescents with deviant romantic partners are more delinquent than those youths
with more prosocial partners, regardless of friends’ and parents’ behavior. Findings highlight the importance of capturing
the adolescent’s entire network of affiliations, rather than viewing these in isolation, and suggest the need for additional
research on romantic partner influences on delinquent behavior and other adolescent outcomes.
相似文献
Robert A. LonardoEmail: |