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1.
There has been a growing interest in the historical development of criminology(ies) throughout the world. This paper examines the development of criminology in Taiwan (Republic of China) using both questionnaire and interview data. Textbooks, institutional development, and research activity are taken as proxy measures of a criminological tradition. Beginning with criminology in Republican China (1929–1949), the article explores the key features of change in criminology against the background of Taiwan's own particular adoption of social, political and economic ‘modernisation’. Foreign influence and the contemporary meaning of ‘indigenous’ are considered. The article ends with a research agenda for a grounded historical sociology of criminology on Taiwan; key identified research questions relate to sponsorship, research priorities and the production of criminological knowledge; the reception of research by policy communities and practitioners; the relationship between criminological knowledge and politics; and the processes of selective appropriation. 相似文献
2.
Dale Spencer 《Critical Criminology》2011,19(3):197-212
Since the mid 1990s, a strand of criminology emerged that is concerned with the co-constitution of crime and culture under
the general rubric of ‘cultural criminology’. In the titles Cultural Criminology Unleashed and Cultural Criminology: An Invitation, criminologists spearheading this brand of criminology make claims for its originality and its status as a subversive alternative
to conventional criminological approaches to studies of crime and deviance. The basis for the ‘new’ cultural criminology is
its ostensible ability to account for the culture and subcultures of crime, the criminalization of cultural and subcultural
activities, and the politics of criminalization. This paper offers a comparison of cultural criminology to 1960s and 1970s
labeling theory to assess whether or not cultural criminology has developed a grammar of critique capable of resolving fundamental
contradictions that haunt critical criminology and contesting contemporary administrative criminology. Points of comparison
are made through ontological categories of power and criminal identity and a consideration of the epistemological categories
of the respective bodies of literature. 相似文献
3.
George S. Rigakos 《Critical Criminology》1996,7(2):75-91
This essay examines the rise of neoconservative thought within criminological discourse from the enlightenment ‘quarrel’ with
ancient philosophy and church supported scholasticism in the 1700s to the present day. From the perspective of criminology,
it is argued that there is little new about the ‘new right’ with the exception that it has managed to galvanize itself as
a popular retributionist alternative among the working class in the United States, Canada, and England. The current organization
of social institutions in a modern ‘risk society’ facilitates the easy re-definition of the crises of late-modern capitalism
into issues of social control. It is not surprising we find the right reinvigorated and prominent under these conditions.
New left realism and crime control through social development are offered as competitive platforms from which to advance critique
of barbaric right-wing crime-control policies.
Despite all my rage, I am still just a rat in cage (Smashing Pumpkins 1996) 相似文献
4.
Michael J. Lynch 《Critical Criminology》2000,9(1-2):144-152
Conclusion Following, or perhaps even being swept away by the propositions and suppositions of science, criminologists have written a
rather sanitized, carefree history of the origins of their discipline. This discipline has much to hide, however, and criminologists'
strict adherence to principles and claims of ‘objectivity’ and ‘neutrality’ have helped hide the unspoken task that is criminology
from view. There is a need to excavate the hidden history of criminology from the basement of scientific criminology. This
excavation requires the use of tools sensitive to oppression and conflict. Using such tools to recover, rewrite and explain
the history of criminology, I have argued that criminology should be (a) interpreted as one of the many ‘sciences of oppression’
that (b) emerged following the Enlightenment (c) whose purpose was to help legitimize and place into practice principles that
justified the oppression of the dangerous classes, (d) which had emerged as the primary threat to the ‘rational’ societies
based upon capitalist social, economic and political relations. I suspect that this will not be a popular conclusion.
The traditions of all the dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brain of the living. Karl Marx,The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 相似文献
5.
Mark Cooney 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2006,46(1-2):51-63
The pure sociology perspective invented by Donald Black, a general theoretical framework for the prediction and explanation
of social reality, has considerable potential for the scientific understanding of criminal behavior. Several scholars have
profitably drawn upon Black’s proposal that a significant amount of crime is a form of disputing or social control, especially
to explain violent conflict. However, pure sociology has not yet been extended and applied to criminal behavior more broadly.
A pure sociology of predatory behavior, for instance, would address the location and direction in social space of predators,
prey, and third parties. In expanding criminological thought, however, pure sociology also challenges it. Pure sociology explanations
are not restricted by time or place, a feature not easily realized with a concept so closely tied to a relatively recent social
invention: the state. Additionally, the supra-psychological, -anthropocentric, and -teleological nature of pure sociology
generates explanations of behavior that are at odds with many of the assumptions of traditional criminology. Ultimately, then,
pure sociology yields a new paradigm for the explanation of behavior the state defines as criminal.
Presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology. Toronto, November 17, 2005. 相似文献
6.
Geertrui Cazaux 《Crime, Law and Social Change》1999,31(2):105-125
Although interactions between people and other animals play an important part in the social arena, this topic has until recently
largely been neglected by criminologists. Recent developments in ethical theory on the moral status of animals require a reconsideration
of speciesist attitudes and practices permeating our dealings with animals. Hence, a non-speciesist criminology is called
for. The most evident topic that comes to mind from a criminological point of view, namely ‘animal abuse’, is dealt with from
such a non-speciesist angle in this paper. In a review of publications dealing witth the link between animal abuse, domestic
violence and child abuse, two points are discussed: the neglect or selectivity in giving a definition of ‘animal abuse’ and
the one-sided attention of criminlogists for individual instances of cruelty to animals of animal abuse, neglecting institutionalised
instances of animal abuse.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Stuart Russell 《Critical Criminology》1997,8(2):61-90
Postmodernism has recently washed up on the shores of criminology, and is the subject of considerable theoretical debate.
This essay critically assesses some of the most trenchant and relevant components of the theoretical bases for postmodernism,
and sketches out their applicability to criminology. It argues that postmodernism can be of little assistance to intellectuals
committed to critique and fundamental social change. While postmodernists look down so severely at ‘old-fashioned’ ‘meta-narratives’
like Marxism, it is now they who are falling off the contemporary agenda, because they are dated and theoretically flawed.
My main argument is that the theoretical imporverishment of postmodernism creates an obstacle to the development of a truly
critical criminology. One of the current challenges of critical criminology is to amplify the critique of postmodern criminology
and to reorient the trajectory of critical criminology away from the postmodern detour. The essay explores the historical
context of the emergence of postmodernism, the modernist/ postmodernist era, deconstructionism, ‘meta-narratives’, idealism,
form and content, fragmentation/pluralism/relativism, absence of progressive praxis, conservatism and Marxism. 相似文献
8.
Using our own experiences in attempting to ‘do’ public criminology in the wake of a violent sexual assault on our campus,
we offer a critique of the emerging public criminology framework. Focusing specifically on tensions between fact and emotion
and representations of expertise in the news media, we argue for a greater respect for emotional responses to crime in moving
the public criminology agenda forward. We suggest that if public criminology sets as its goal educating the public about crime
with an eye towards injecting a counter/critical discourse into ‘get tough’ crime control policies, then public criminologists
need to recognize and take seriously the public’s emotions rather than negate them. Drawing on the work of Ahmed (The cultural
politics of emotion. Routledge, London, 2004), we suggest that the role of the expert is not to simply inform citizens of the ‘facts’ about crime, but to establish—through
emotions—the relationship between themselves and the imagined criminal Other (Young in Imagining crime: Textual outlaws and criminal conversations.
Sage Publications, London, 1996). Thus, alongside trying to convince the public to be more ‘rational’ when it comes to crime, critical criminologists must
start to accept people’s fear and anger as legitimate reactions and try to redirect these emotions toward more productive
ends. 相似文献
9.
Richard A. Wright 《Critical Criminology》2000,9(1-2):101-122
DeKeseredy and Schwartz have criticized introductory criminology textbooks published in the United States for their ‘poor
treatment’ of critical/radical perspectives. This paper subjects this criticism to empirical analysis by studying the coverage
of critical perspectives in 34 introductory criminology textbooks published from 1990 to 1999. Specifically, I examine how
the coverage of critical perspectives in the textbooks is influenced by: 1) the theoretical orientations of the texts; 2)
the positions of the texts on debate over conflict and consensus theories of law; and 3) the positions of the texts on the
evidence supporting critical perspectives. This analysis shows that critical/radical perspectives in general, but in particular
recent developments in critical criminology (including critical feminism, left realism, peacemaking criminology and postmodern
criminology) are often ‘left out’ of contemporary criminology textbooks. 相似文献
10.
Ronnie Lippens 《Critical Criminology》2008,16(2):145-156
There has been much debate, in recent years, about the task, aims and goals of critical criminology, and about the need for
critical criminology to re-invent itself. Referring to Sartre’s existentialism, this contribution introduces and expands on
the thesis that critical criminology may be able to re-invent itself with the help of new ‘guiding images’, most notably:
existential hybridization.
This is a revised version of a lecture given at Keele University (UK) on 27 March 2007. This paper is a much shortened version
of an extensive contribution on ‘The Being and Nothingness of Critical Criminology’ (forthcoming). 相似文献
11.
Greg McElligott 《Critical Criminology》2008,16(2):123-144
Trends toward mass incarceration in the United States and elsewhere raise compelling questions about the social purposes of
prisons, and their role in the consolidation (and/or privatization) of the neoconservative state. This article examines two
moments of penal reform that were historically distinct, but remarkably similar in their shape and intent. Mike Harris’s Progressive
Conservatives won control of Ontario’s provincial government in 1995, and undertook a wide-ranging program of institutional
and social restructuring that was intended to transform Canada’s industrial heartland. Penal reform was central to this agenda,
but Conservative efforts here were remarkably similar to those 160 years before, when Canada built its first penitentiary.
This article compares these two moments of flux using a theoretical framework developed by James Scott. He argues that the
grand plans of ‘high modernist’ reformers, while seeking to make society more ‘legible’ and ‘rational’, tend to employ simplifications—especially
visually pleasing ones—which obscure and suppress insights that might be gained from the ‘practical knowledge’ of those closer
to the ground. They do this at their peril, for grand plans tend to fail for lack of such knowledge. The article argues that
Ontario’s experience fits neatly into these categories, except that the aim of reformers here has been to restore an old social
order, rather than to build a new one. 相似文献
12.
NICOLE RAFTER 《犯罪学》2004,42(4):979-1008
This paper raises questions about the origins, definition and nature of criminological knowledge by seeking to identify the earliest examples of scientific criminological thought. Pushing the story further back in time than previous studies of criminological history, it proposes a way to think about criminology before criminologists—that is, efforts to study crime scientifically before the emergence of specifically criminological discourses and before the formation of the professional specialization of criminologist. The roots of scientific criminological thought lie in late 18th‐ and early 19th‐century discourses on the phenomenon of moral insanity, or uncontrollable, remorseless criminal behavior. Examination of these texts reveals both the origins of criminological knowledge and the birth of idea that crime can be studied scientifically. 相似文献
13.
Yvon van der Pijl Brenda Carina Oude Breuil Dina Siegel 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2011,56(5):567-582
This article intends to respond to a recent call (e.g., Zhang Global Crime 10(3):178–195, 2009; Brunovskis and Surtees International Migration 48(4):1–38, 2010) for more innovative studies and methodologies in order to move beyond the current discourse on human trafficking. We do
so by describing three ethnographic fragments on the dynamics of (dealing with) sex trafficking within Europe. The concepts
of ‘friction’ and ‘collaboration’ (Tsing Cultural Anthropology 15(3):327–360, 2000, 2005) are used to analyse these fragments. These concepts refer to creative processes that occur as people interact across differences.
They give insight into how universal ideas on freedom and justice enable collaboration between parties involved in fighting
human trafficking who do not necessarily share a common goal. We conclude that the presented method of ‘patchwork ethnography’
is useful in studying sex trafficking as it implies a strong focus on connections between ‘sites of diverse knowledge’, without
losing sight of individual stories of people making those connections. ‘Patchwork ethnography’ is innovative and it allows
researchers to expose and untangle the workings of the supposedly all-powerful phenomenon and the encompassing, uniform, hegemonic
discourse surrounding human (sex) trafficking. 相似文献
14.
Advances in technology have transformed fraud against consumers from face-to-face, victim-offender interactions to a crime that now transcends international boundaries. Although consumer protection issues have been of interest to investigative journalists and literary scholars for centuries, the topic has only recently been subject to serious criminological inquiry. Employing the American consumer protection movement as an historical framework, we examine the evolution of consumer fraud. Our review documents that progressive social and legal changes in consumer protection and corporate regulation, as well as developments in criminological research, correspond to prominent literary exposés of the time. In today's technological age, such a reactive response to consumer fraud is neither efficient nor effective. Contemporary criminologists need to simultaneously address the questions of ‘how’ fraud is perpetrated and ‘why’ it occurs. Toward this end, we identify methodological strategies and data sources to promote empirical and theoretical understanding of consumer fraud, and to ultimately contribute to multi-national crime control policy. 相似文献
15.
Danielle Laberge 《Critical Criminology》1991,2(2):37-56
Although the notion of taking gender into account in social analyses has been around for some time, for the large partit has
not been taken seriously by criminologists. In this article, Laberge shows how the neglect of women's criminality has been
to the detriment of criminological inquiry. Through an examination of the questions usually asked about women in contact with
the penal system, the author takes us beyond an ‘additive’ approach to explaining crime. Reorganizing these questions, she
outlines a number of analytical distinctions that will transform our understanding of criminalized women, specifically, and
criminological inquiry, generally. 相似文献
16.
This paper contributes to a rethinking of animal abuse control and animal welfare protection in criminology, specifically,
and in the social sciences more broadly. We do this, first, through a broad mapping of the institutional control complex around
animal abuse in contemporary Britain. Second, we focus on the institutional strategies and practices, past and present, of
the main agency of animal protection, and the policing thereof, in this society, namely the Royal Society for the Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA). In looking back to this charity’s growth since the first decades of the nineteenth century
at the time of the birth of modern industrial capitalism and also to its current rationale and practices as a late-modern,
corporate organisation, we explore the seeming paradox of a private body taking a lead on the regulation and prosecution of
illegalities associated with animal-human relationships. Finally, the ideology and strategy of the RSPCA are explored in the
context of the often visceral and culturally influential ‘morality war’ associated with proponents, respectively, of animal
rights (‘abolition’) and ‘anthropic’ welfare proponents (‘regulation’ and ‘protection’). 相似文献
17.
Adrienne Baars-Schuyt 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2001,9(3):301-313
The editors of the European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research wanted to include an article with an overview of European criminology in this special issue on European criminology. But in order to discover whether there is such a thing as European criminology, one should first look at the state of affairs of criminology in the individual countries of Europe. This article is an attempt to do so. It is based on a short questionnaire posted to individuals in 34 European countries, a report by Walgrave and Goris, entitled An Overview of University Institutions of Criminology (1996), an Internet search on selected keywords, and some background material available in the WODC library. It gives an overview of criminological research and research institutes; European co-operation, comparative research and European networks; criminological training; national societies of criminology and criminological periodicals. 相似文献
18.
JACK P. GIBBS 《犯罪学》1987,25(4):821-840
After nearly 20 years of ferment in criminology, the reactive conception of criminality is the most intractable issue. It can be circumvented only if criminologists use official data to compute crime rates and to identify criminals or delinquents. That proposed strategy does not necessarily entail acceptance of the reactive conception, especially in light of an argument about etiological theories that purport to answer two of the four major criminological questions, those having to do with variation in the crime rate and with individual differences as regards criminality. Any such theory will be empirically indefensible unless it encompasses (1) some etiological condition as the independent variable; (2) the frequency of some type of behavior as an intervening variable; (3) an official criminality variable (for example, an official crime rate); and (4) a reactive variable, one which pertains to the behavior of legal officials and supposedly determines the connection between the intervening variable and the dependent variable. The argument bears on Marxist and conflict criminology only insofar as advocates of those perspectives genuinely pursue etiological theories about crime. Finally, apart from any substantive consideration, criminological theories will remain defective until criminologists adopt formal theory construction. The more general and important point is that some 20 years of ferment will not culminate in a new theory without some special strategy—if not the one proposed here, then another. 相似文献
19.
过去30年英国的犯罪学发展具有两个明显特征:一个是"犯罪学"在多个维度的"膨胀";另一个是犯罪学"自治性"的增强。犯罪学在向自治学科转变的过程中既具有许多有益的方面,也存在诸多风险。它可能会丧失与其他学科之间的联系,也越来越容易受到外部环境的影响与制约,因而有必要对其存在的问题及其潜在的后果保持警觉。犯罪学知识的用途,在于为决策的制定提供科学依据。对犯罪学进行准确定位有两个核心要求:一是要承诺把犯罪学变成一个内涵广阔的学术概念,即将犯罪学的多元主义看作一个优势;二是要让犯罪学研究与实践保持长久的、基本的联系,将犯罪学知识渗入公众关注的犯罪和法制事件中,对"制度性环境"作出一个比现在更令人信服的解释。 相似文献
20.
In International feminist perspectives in criminology, Rafter and Heidensohn in International feminist perspectives in criminology: Engendering a discipline. Open University Press,
Buckingham, (1995: 4) contended that current mainstream criminology was the most masculine of all social sciences. A look at arguments about
penal development confronts us with the fact that most historical studies are not gender-specific. Whether female offenders
were victimized or acted as their own agents in the penal institutions can be determined with reference to two considerations:
first, women prisoners have persistently been treated differently from their male contemporaries; second, female offenders
have typically been burdened with formal penalties and informal gender disciplines as punishments for their wrongdoings. The
relationship between women and the state provides some clues regarding how penal institutions, which are authorized to act
for the state in imposing penalties, treat female offenders and why women’s imprisonment has taken the forms that are evident
historically. This study traces the unique political and social conditions of Taiwan’s history to determine what reformations
penal institutions have sought to enforce upon female prisoners and which body-types of female inmates have been ‘docile’,
‘obedient’, and ‘useful’ to the state. From the establishment of women’s care homes and the practice of separating the genders
in penal institutions, to the implementation of independent women’s prisons, the state in Taiwan has played a dominant role
in penal reforms in various historical contexts. This investigation aims to provide a critical and unique perspective of the
penalization of women. 相似文献