2009,人大年报

<正>所有的树木都会留下年轮,所有年轮都有自己的意义。2009年,人大行权的年轮刻写着六个大字:民主、民生和民意。从容不紊,静水流深,这是2009年人大民主的印象。这一年,人大立法承传民主和科学的基因,人大监督努力追求透明和实效,预算公开在艰难和波折中已经破题,选举法修正草案宣示农民将拥有与城市居民平等的选举权,人大正在致力改善程序民主,人大权力以积极     

2009,地方人大新政

<正>过去一年,地方人大新政不乏亮点:立法承传民主和科学的基因,实效和公开成为监督工作的价值取向,预算公开在上下联动推导下开始破题,优化行权程序成为人大建设的积极追求。还有,人大权力、代表职守与公民意见的对接渐成气候。地方人大通过立法听证、公开法规草案、征集立法建议项目等常规动作,不断扩大民意的深度参与,推动立法质量的提高。立法:扩大民意的深度参与2009年,地方人大在顺势转向社会立法的同时,民主立法、科学立法向纵深推进。地方人大通过立法听证、公开法规草案、征集立法建议项目等常规动作,进一步扩大民意的有序、深度参与。     

2009,全国人大新势

<正>在刚刚过去的2009年,倾听民意和改善民生成为全国人大履职的价值取向。公民对人大工作的知情度和参与度,与人大行使职权的实效相应获得新的提升。"坚持以人为本,关注民生,加强社会领域的立法和监督工作,是这些年常委会工作的一个重点。、"改善民生:人大履职的价值取向"目前,中国特色社会主义法律体系已经基本形成,但在7个法律部门中,社会法相对较弱。加强社会领域立法,改善民生,将成为今后立法工作的重点。"2009年8月,全国人大常委会副秘书长乔晓阳向媒体透露,     

Ambitious Goals,Deficient Output: Tax and Fiscal Policies of the Conservative–Liberal Government, 2009–13

Tax policy was at the heart of the Merkel II government's reform agenda. The CDU/CSU and FDP promised significant tax cuts and simplifications of the tax system. During their term, however, they remained the least active of all German governments of the last four decades. Why? This article argues that a combination of factors relating to the dynamics of electoral competition and structural problem pressure can explain this outcome: The new constitutional debt brake and the Euro Crisis foreclosed the traditional ‘solution’ of glossing over the conflict within the coalition between its economically liberal constituency (FDP and parts of CDU/CSU) and pro-welfare state constituency (other parts of CDU/CSU) by combining tax reductions with continued high spending. The result was a devastating loss for the FDP in the 2013 elections, and a victory for the CDU/CSU which profited from positioning itself as a moderate and stabilising political force in uncertain times of crisis.     

The foreign policy of Uzbekistan: sources,objectives and outcomes: 1991–2009

Since 1991 the super-presidential regime of Islam Karimov in Uzbekistan has successfully defended the country's new independence and his authoritarian rule by cleverly enlisting the aid of outside powers such as Russia, China and the USA. With the means afforded by global export of its staple commodities, the regime has preserved stability by managing occasional conflicts with its neighbours, repressing dissenters when necessary, promulgating an ideology of multi-nationalism, and ample spending on health and educational services, as well as on government employees. The current economic crisis has meant the return of many Uzbeks from elsewhere in Asia, but the regime is trying to offset discontent with more spending.     

2009年中德关系大事记

1月2日德国《商报》发表该报委托企业咨询公司Droege＆Comp做的一个关于竞争力的民意调查。这家公司就世界上10个国家和地区的竞争力询问了5个欧洲国家的1100名高管企业高管。这些高管对当前危机中各国经济发展的预计比危机前都大大下调,但他们对中国竞争力的信心却出乎意外的强劲。《商报》说,在这个以1至5分打分、1分为满分的体系里,中国仍然得了2．4分,属最好行列。     

走出一条资源型县持续发展、高位提升的新路

资源型县是以本地区矿产、森林等自然资源开采、加工为主导产业的发展类型。但由于资源的不可再生性，资源型县很难逾越“因矿而兴”到“矿竭县衰”的发展“陷阱”。很多富甲一方、红极一时的资源型县因资源衰竭，引发了一系列经济危机、社会危机和生态危机，令人痛心不已。因此，作为资源型县的领导干部，尤其是“一把手”必须居安思危、未雨绸缪...     

Decoding the Evolutionary Path of Chinese Foreign Policy, 1949–2009: Assessments and Inferences

Chinese foreign policy has made a grand transition during the post-Mao reform era. Chinese foreign policy of the 21st century has become much more open and pragmatic in its relations with the outside world, more extensive in its reach and coverage, highly diversified in its functions and partners, more committed to international norms than before, and much more sophisticated in its dealing with the international community. Yet, the precise balance between the changes and continuities is still quite difficult to gauge. Furthermore, despite crucial visible changes, concerns and worries - even some fears - are discernible with regard to the rise of China. In the last 60 years, Beijing has sought hard to sustain consistencies (shizhong ruyi) in its foreign policy. Perhaps, that is the best clue the world has in inferring the future trajectory of Chinese foreign policy.     

东南亚地区形势:2009年

2009年,影响东南亚地区形势最重要的外部因素,是全球金融海啸引发的发达国家经济衰退,影响的深度与广度,取决于发达国家的经济衰退持续的时间,刚刚从1997年金融危机中走出来的东南亚国家又将经受一次重大的考验.从政治层面看,东南亚在2009年将会是比较平稳的一年,印尼的大选不会出现大的波澜;泰国在经历了几年的动荡之后,人心思定,街头政治不得人心;马来西亚两大政党联盟--国民阵线和人民联盟争权夺利,但是,这种斗争将会限制在制度范围内.在地区国际关系方面,发达国家忙于国内救火,自顾不暇,而东南亚两个最大的邻居--中国和印度则是风景这边独好,东南亚地区发展进程中的中国因素和印度因素将会进一步凸显.     

Invisible and slow: small business and the “civic-ness” of Russia's regions, 1991–2009

This article suggests that incremental small business development across Russia's regions has been associated with greater “civic-ness” as defined by civil society activism, diversity, and independence of regional press and media, greater transparency in regional and municipal policy deliberations, and greater dispersion of power among governors, mayors, legislatures, and courts. A retrospective analysis of regional variation over the period 1991–2009 allows for a theoretically informed inquiry into the mutuality of property rights, entrepreneurship, norms of citizenship, and liberal democracy. While Russia has become more authoritarian at least since the mid 2000s, the variation in governance across regions remained significant, creating a promising basis for exploring the reasons for this variation. Might democratization viewed comparatively across regions be associated with the extent of liberalization of regional economies and specifically with the extent of small business development?     

2009年对德国的意义

在德国2009年有许多值得纪念的重大历史事件。1919年2月德国通过了《魏玛宪法》，建立了民主共和制度。1939年9月德国入侵波兰，欧洲战争爆发。经历了灭顶之灾的德意志民族在战后不得不面对国家分裂的现实，1949年联邦德国和民主德国相继成立。1989年11月柏林墙倒塌，在分裂40年后，德国漫长的和平统一之路的终点近在咫尺。     

2009年马来西亚政局述评

本文从经济与民生基本状况、政治力量结构、政治事件、公共政策等视角,尝试对2009年马来西亚政局的基本脉络做出分析,并提出关于今后马来西亚政局走向的若干判断.     

论2009年菲律宾旅游业的发展

2009年,旅游业继续成为菲律宾经济发展的引擎之一.旅游业的发展与菲律宾政府的一系列旅游产业扶持政策、旅游产品推陈出新、旅游推广等措施是分不开的.     

The Policy of Strategic Demobilisation: The Social Policy of the Christian Democratic–Liberal Coalition, 2009–13

This article addresses two research questions: which course did the CDU, CSU–FDP coalition government choose to follow in social policy from 2009 to 2013? And what relationships exist between social policy in this period and the Bundestag election in 2013? The analysis of primary and secondary data reveals both continuity and discontinuity in social policy in the 17th legislative period of the Bundestag. The decisions and non-decisions on social protection and labour market regulation in this period mirror a wide variety of determinants. These include partisan effects, electoral cycles, co-governing judges and anonymous social policy of market forces. The data also suggest that the CDU/CSU has been relatively successful in its strategy of ‘asymmetric demobilisation’, the strategy of changing its social policy profile to one more similar to that of its social democratic opponent, in order to demobilise the SPD's voters rather than mobilising them. More ambivalent has been the electoral outcome of the FDP's role in social policy. The FDP's first foray into leading a large welfare state ministry, the Federal Ministry of Health, in 2009 to 2013 did not prove to be a winning proposition for the Liberals electorally. Social policy in general and welfare state recalibration in particular thus seem to be an electorally especially risky project for a liberal party such as the FDP.     

新加坡2009:经济、政治与外交

本文是对2009年新加坡国内形势的简单回顾,主要分为经济与贸易、政府与政治以及外交与国际关系三大部分,最后对新加坡与中国的关系以及2009年国内出现的新加坡研究进行了简单介绍.     

2009年韩国国内银行的管理任务

本文旨在分析韩国国内银行2008年在增长、赢利能力、健全性和资本充足率等方面的表现,探讨在全球金融危机银行业大环境下需要倍加关注的管理任务,以及对它们在2009年的表现进行展望。