推进我国行政收费的法治化建设

近年来,行政收费问题一直受到社会的广泛关注。通过政府系统内部专项清理、整顿,我国在行政收费规范化方面确实取得了一些进展,但运用政策性文件约束行政收费效果有限,如何将行政收费纳入法治化轨道越来越受到重视。根据我国行政收费领域存在的实际问题及法治化的要求,首先必须贯彻法治行政原则,规范政府的行政收费行为;并通过制定行政收费法,严格限定行政收费的项目与标准;以及进一步完善行政收费监督体系,加强对行政收费的监管。     

探求刑事证据规则的和谐

刑事证据规则从其适用的范围看,可分为原则性刑事证据规则与例外性刑事证据规则。原则性刑事证据规则重在保障人权,例外性刑事证据规则重在打击犯罪。刑事证据规则是否和谐,主要体现在能否恰当地处理原则性规则与例外性规则的关系上。和谐的刑事证据规则不仅有利于证据准确适用,而且有利于诉讼和谐和社会和谐。     

自然法思想对民法和国际法的贡献

自然法理论与罗马法学相结合,使罗马法优越于同时代其他国家的法律;自然法观念促使人们发出对法典化的呼唤,著名的《法国民法典》和《德国民法典》得以诞生;自然法是国际法的基础或渊源。     

论“以人为本”与我国刑事法治

随着世界范围内人权保护的勃兴,刑事法治越来越受到重视.刑事法治是法治在刑事法领域的具体实现,其核心是限制国家权力对公民权利的侵害,标志为罪刑法定,体现了以人为本的价值取向.我国正在推进刑事法治建设,以以人为本的标准来看,我国刑事法治还存在着诸多缺陷,因此,在刑事立法、刑事司法和刑事执行中贯彻以人为本的精神,是我国走向刑事法治道路的理性选择.     

刑法因果关系理论巡历与新思考

刑法因果关系是刑法理论研究中的一个复杂且对实践具有十分重要意义的问题。本文通过对大陆法系及英美法系的因果理论巡历及我国目前论争的焦点,即纠缠于“必然性”和“偶然性”等哲学迷障,提出自己的新思考,再现了因果关系研究思路不应当复杂化,以便益于指导司法实践,使刑法理念得到更科学的体现。     

我国领导干部的法律理念与法治意识

我国正处于社会转型的关键时期,领导干部的法律理念与法治意识从某种意义上说,决定着社会转型的成与败。所以,领导干部摒弃封建特权的人治思想,树立正确的法律理念,培养法治意识,就显得尤为重要。     

Punishing German Soldiers during the Cold War: The Case of Erich von Manstein

Bloxham examines the events and rhetoric surrounding the trial and premature release from custody of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein. Von Manstein was convicted of involvement in atrocities on the Eastern Front, yet his story aroused the sympathy of many in Britain, including influential politicians, who believed the Wehrmacht to be innocent of the crimes of Nazism. His trial also fell squarely into a period, the onset of the Cold War, when Britain was attempting to restore relations with West Germany. Pressure both from the nascent West German elite and from within the Conservative government (re-elected in 1951) and its foreign diplomatic corps ensured that a series of dubious legal devices would be used to accelerate the liberation of von Manstein at a time of negotiations about a German contribution to a Western European army. Similar contrivances abetted the early release of another field marshal, Kesselring, and a senior general, Falkenhorst. The releases, and the obfuscations of the soldiers' war-time records that were an essential part of justifying the releases, constitute a substantial British contribution both to the undermining of the process of war crimes trials and to the rewriting of the Second World War.     

论刑事法的公正、功利价值

公正与功利是刑事法追求的两大价值目标。处理公正与功利关系应建立在两项原则基础之上 :一是刑事法各具体原则的运作都应以保障最低限度的公正与最低限度的功利为基础 ;二是公正与功利价值关系的定位因刑事法的内部关系不同而有异 ,在刑事实体法中 ,追求的是“功利优先 ,兼顾公正” ,而在刑事程序法中 ,则是“公正优先 ,兼顾功利”。     

国际刑事法院侦查程序初探

百年来,为惩治战犯、实现和平,国际社会成立了五大国际刑事法院,构建了新的法律体系。作为完整的诉讼机构,国际刑事法院设置了国际检察官与案件调查制度,产生了新型的国际侦查程序。国际侦查程序主要包括调查的启动、调查的实施、结果的处分、程序的监督等方面内容。探析国际刑事法院侦查程序对于完善国际刑事法理论与实践具有重大意义。     

反海外腐败的法律与制度：国际比较与中国方案

反海外腐败是当前全球反腐败领域的热点问题,也是治理腐败的难点问题。全球范围内的国际组织与不同国家和地区先后制定出台了相关的法律与制度,尽管这些法律与制度各不相同,但是基本都遵循了一定的国际背景和本国本地区背景,对这些法律与制度进行国际比较研究对于中国来说具有重要的借鉴价值。面对当前反海外腐败的形势与任务,中国应当坚定反腐败制度体系的高度自信,从完善反海外腐败的相关法律制度、推动中国跨国企业建立有效的合规管理制度体系、增强中国建立国际性反腐败制度文件的话语权等方面着力,全面提升反海外腐败的治理能力。     

法治思维下的福利与反腐

随着中央反腐力度不断加大,逢节送礼的不正之风受到极大遏制。与此同时,一些传统的职工节日福利也被取消,这引发了广泛的争议:有人认为不该借反腐之名拿掉职工福利,也有人认为"反腐不反职工福利"是特权思想在作怪,是打着民意的旗号为腐败行为辩护。应当确立福利的合理范畴,区分福利腐败与正常福利的界限,使薪酬和福利设计摆脱暧昧、灰色的性质,改变福利随意发放和定位不清的现状。福利腐败的治理必须运用法治思维依法进行,必须坚持公开、公平、公正原则,必须注意区别对象、合情合理。通过具体的规章制度管理好福利,是治标;最终实现福利的法治化、正规化、制度化,则是治本。     

加强法治建设是首都维稳工作的重要途径

维稳越来越成为地方政府的重要任务。针对首都维稳呈现的重人治轻法治的现象,提出必须加强法治建设才能实现彻底维稳。建议采取强化立法、完善行政法律解释体系、强化监督、对疑难信访案件公信听证等措施,推进法治以预防和化解矛盾,实现法治状态下的长期稳定。     

论刑法中的行为概念界定

目前刑法理论界对刑法中行为的概念存在不同的界定。分析这些界定发现,行为概念实与犯罪成立体系关系甚大,行为概念不但在犯罪成立体系内部和外部研究会存在不同,而且行为概念的机能发挥一定程度上也受犯罪成立体系影响。我国刑法中的行为概念界定应充分考虑我国现有犯罪成立体系的特点。     

Humanitarian Crises and the International Politics of Selectivity

How has the international community responded to humanitarian crises after the end of the Cold War? While optimistic ideational perspectives on global governance stress the importance of humanitarian norms and argue that humanitarian crises have been increasingly addressed, more skeptical realist accounts point to material interests and maintain that these responses have remained highly selective. In empirical terms, however, we know very little about the actual extent of selectivity since, so far, the international community’s reaction to humanitarian crises has not been systematically examined. This article addresses this gap by empirically examining the extent and the nature of the selectivity of humanitarian crises. To do so, the most severe humanitarian crises in the post-Cold War era are identified and examined for whether and how the international community responded. This study considers different modes of crisis response (ranging from inaction to military intervention) and different actors (including states, international institutions, and nonstate actors), yielding a more precise picture of the alleged “selectivity gap” and a number of theoretical implications for contemporary global security governance.     

Arab States and the Role of Islam in the International Criminal Court

This article assesses the various disagreements between Arab and western states that surfaced at the 1998 Rome Conference and Preparatory Commission. It also discusses the relationship between state repression and cultural adaptation by examining the undeveloped domestic criminal systems of Arab states and the ambiguous role played by shariah (Islamic law) in the constitutions of many of them. It argues two main points: that more mutual accommodation will be needed to resolve these and future conflicts between Islamic and international law; and that such conflicts between the ICC and Arab states expose the need for further cultural adaptation to the ICC Statute. It is out of this process of cultural adaptation that the relationship between Islam and serious international crimes will evolve.     

大学生社会主义法治理念教育实效性探究

教材设置的缺憾、学校和学生对思想政治理论课教育的重视程度不高、教师教育手段的滞后以及法治建设中的不良现象是影响当前大学法治理念教育实效性的重要因素。提高社会主义法治理念教育的实效性,要加强课程建设,重视社会主义法治理念在课程建设中的指导地位,加强法治理念教育的投入,结合大学生的心理特征,改进教学方法,营造校园法治文化,丰富教育载体,拓展教育渠道。     

论刑法明确性原则的价值蕴涵和现代意义

刑法明确性原则是资产阶级在刑法领域里反对专制社会罪刑擅断主义所取得的一项划时代的进步成果,目前已被世界各国的刑事法典普遍加以确认。作为罪刑法定原则在刑事立法领域的深层次体现,它符合建立现代民主和法治社会的要求,有助于保障人权、健全法治,促进司法公正和提高司法效率。在我们努力建设社会主义法治国家的今天,对该原则的法律价值和社会意义进行界定和归整,对建立以人为本的和谐法治社会具有重要意义。