论危险犯的危险状态

关于危险犯的概念 ,危险犯的分类以及危险犯的特征等问题 ,目前还存在不少争论。譬如 ,有些学者对危险犯的表述如下 :“危险犯是以出现法定的危险状态作为成立犯罪既遂的标志。”“危险犯是指行为人实施的危害行为造成法律规定的发生某种危害结果的危险状态作为既遂标志的犯罪。”① “危险犯是指其犯罪之完成 ,以使生侵害法益之危险为已足 ,即对于法益发生危险 ,其犯罪即已完成。”② “危险犯是指行为人实施的行为足以造成某种实害结果发生 ,但实害结果尚未发生 ,即构成既遂的犯罪。或者简洁地说 ,危险犯是指以行为人实施的危害行为造成的…     

试析"悬赏办案"的危险性--从"马加爵案"悬赏想到的

由马加爵案的悬赏侦破,引出对最近各地公安机关和法院“悬赏办案”的分析,即从历史、法律、法社会学及法经济学的角度,指出这种“改革”方案的危险性倾向,并提出了建设性建议。     

略论危险状态在危险犯中的地位和作用

危险状态是危险犯既遂形态的构成要件而不是危险犯的成立要件。危险状态的存在意味着危险 犯的构成要件齐备,从而构成既遂。危险状态出现以后,即使行为人采取积极的措施消除这一危 险状态,仍然属于危险犯的既遂,而这种既遂和实害犯的中止形态存在着竞合关系。     

论危险故意

危险故意是连接实害故意与过失的链条,它的主体是对危险的认识与意志,最高端是对实害的认识与意志,最低端是对危险的过失。在危险故意中,"行为的知与欲"是一个不变的要素,"结果的知与欲"这一要素却呈忽明忽暗的变化———从"实害结果的知与欲"到"危险结果的知与欲"、"危险结果的知"再到"危险结果的过失"。放火罪危险犯的故意内容只能是对行为及其实害结果的知与欲,而不是对行为及其危险结果的知与欲。危险驾驶罪是故意犯罪,故意的内容为,行为人对于危险驾驶行为具有故意,对于行为所造成的抽象危险既可以是故意也可以是过失。     

宗庆后的危险时刻

一年之内三度登上大陆首富宝座的宗庆后,如何抗衡可口可乐、康师傅这些顶级企业的围追堵截？     

Dangerous work and name disclosure

Name disclosure improves service quality as well as the supervision and management of employees. When such disclosure has the possibility to endanger employees, however, a conflict arises between the need for public disclosure and the maintenance of work safety. To improve the discipline and responsibility of police officers, the Taiwanese government is planning a new policy of sewing names on officers’ uniforms. To determine the impact, this study assumed implementation of the policy and investigated police officers’ perceptions of and reactions to it. Respondents included 337 front-line officers whose main duties were related to law enforcement or other services that involve direct contact with the public. The results showed that police officers interpreted the policy as a disclosure of personal information, that their perception of future revenge risk potential, work stress, and attention to amicable attitudes toward the public were significantly higher, and that their intrinsic work motivation was significantly lower. There was no significant difference, however, in terms of police officers’ pay satisfaction.     

The Dangerous Ideal of Autonomy

The ideal of autonomy has a positive and a negative aim. Its positive aim is to create the conditions in which more and more people can be more and more autonomous. Its negative aim is to prevent actions that cause serious harm and are normally both immoral and criminal. These two aims are incompatible. Increasing autonomy increases the frequency of crimes and decreasing the frequency of crimes requires decreasing autonomy. The incompatibility of these two aims has radical implications for much current thinking about criminal justice.     

危险个人的概念界定

危险个人自产生以来,对社会安全与稳定构成了严重的威胁。加强对危险个人理论的研究以对其实施有效的法律控制,成为犯罪学、刑法学面临的共同任务。然而,对危险个人的研究,首先要解决的问题是如何界定危险个人。界定时,应充分考虑危险个人的主观因素、客观因素及产生原因,还要注意与危险犯、治安高危人员等概念相区别。     

危险犯本质辨析

危险犯的创设是刑法防卫线前置的一种典型现象。危险犯的"危险"应是结果的危险。危险犯在类型属性上隶属于结果犯,在犯罪形态上应为实质的未遂犯、法定的既遂犯。之所以设置这种特殊犯罪类型,是国家刑罚权对尚未发生实际法益侵害情形的事先介入,通过前置性制裁对法益未造成实害但具有紧迫危险的不法行为,以实现对法益的积极、主动保护。     

论危险责任及其立法

损害赔偿责任,依其是否以加害人有过错(过失)为要件,主要可区分为有过错之加害行为及无过错之加害行为。因其间在事实特征上存在有过错及无过错之区别,其规范需要因此可能不同,而在规范规划上必须区分为二个类型:将有过错之加害行为规定为侵权责任;将无过错之加害行为规定为危险责任。分别按其类型特征规划其赔偿责任之成立要件及理赔的方法。德国立法例采侵权责任与危险责任在不同法典并立的立法模式,而中国立法例采合并立法之模式,将侵权责任与危险责任一体规定于《侵权责任法》一部法典中。《侵权责任法》第6条及第7条虽分就有过错之加害行为及无过错之加害行为加以规定,但未因此分别称为侵权责任及危险责任,而通称为侵权责任。并就无过错之加害行为,基本上亦规定其加害人"应承担侵权责任"。因此,其规定之有过错之加害行为及无过错之加害行为的责任要件虽然不同,但并无特别凸显其应有不同之法律效力的规定。特别是对无过错之加害行为的责任,并未一般地附以责任限额及强制责任保险之配套要求。该种不同,将来在其适用之实务上的发展究竟产生什么影响,今后在比较法上值得注意。     

“危险驾驶”行为特殊问题分析

近年来，“危险驾驶”造成重大交通事故的现象非但屡禁不止，而且呈现愈演愈烈之势，业已成为社会公害之一。仅2009年1至8月份，全国就发生酒后和醉酒驾车肇事多达3206起，共造成1302人死亡，其中，酒后驾车肇事2162起，造成893人死亡；醉酒驾车肇事1044起，造成409人死亡。与此同时，一些危害极重、反响极强、公愤极大的恶性交通事故也是层出不穷，频频见诸报端，     

All-terrain vehicles. Dangerous at any speed

A study of fatalities arising from the operation of all-terrain recreational-type vehicles was performed on the case files of the Office of the Medical Examiner of Metropolitan Dade County in Miami, Florida for the 5-year period, 1981-1985. A total of 11 cases were collected and are presented. A discussion examines the risk factors responsible for the fatalities--namely, youthful impetuosity, carelessness, and ethanol use. It is recommended that people in all locales realize the problems associated with such vehicle usage. It is hoped that activists in all countries prevail upon their legislative representatives to enact laws to curtail use of this type of vehicle, and hence save lives.     

论危险犯的危险

危险在刑法体系中具有特定的含义。作为危险犯核心内容的危险是刑法理论中危险的一种,与以未遂犯为代表的实害犯的危险并不相同。危险犯的危险是危害行为所导致的违反常规的客观非常状态的属性,即可以依据客观预测很有可能不久即将发生的实害。危险犯的危险的概念是建立在可能性基础上的,具有客观性和实害结果发生的现实可能性等特点。对危险犯的危险应作客观的判断,即只能根据具体案情,实事求是地分析行为中是否包含引起某种实害结果的必然性和原因力。     

醉驾案件中醉酒标准认定之思考

目前,司法机关对危险驾驶犯罪的醉酒认定标准较为宽松,导致实践中部分无社会危害性的行为被纳入犯罪圈。为贯彻新时代良法善治的刑事司法理念,对危险驾驶犯罪中醉酒标准的认定应持审慎态度,建议借助证据法遏止醉酒驾驶行为过度犯罪化倾向,对于危险驾驶犯罪中的醉酒认定不宜过度依赖血液酒精鉴定,侦查机关应充分收集各类证据,统一交由审判者依其理性最终确定该行为是否构成犯罪。     

Dangerous Offenders: Some Problems of Management

Dangerous behaviour, for the purpose of this paper is confined to the commission of serious harm to others and not to self. Such behaviour is examined within the context of definnitions of such behaviour, and issues that arise in respect of sentencing (including past and current practices). Certain ethical issues are considered and the paper concludes with a detailed consideration of aspects of management.     

危险犯分类质疑

在大陆法系刑法理论中,一般将危险犯分为具体危险犯与抽象危险犯、故意危险犯与过失危险犯、作为危险犯与不作为危险犯、自然人危险犯与单位危险犯等。但其中最基本的即是将危险犯分为具体危险犯与抽象危险犯。我国学术界也接受了这种分类,并已成为理论上之通说。但近年来也有学者对此种分类提出质疑,认为将危险犯分为具体与抽象二种是完全没有必要的,这种分类不仅在理论上难以成立,而且在实践上也出现很多弊端。